Android API 連接到 Wifi 網絡

Question

我完全迷失在 WiFi API 的版本中。 我想以編程方式連接到配置的 WiFi 網絡。 如本問題所述： Connect to wifi network Android programmatically

我在 Android 10 上開發並想編寫一個也與舊 Android 版本兼容的代碼。

在我的 android 10 上，所描述的代碼不起作用。 我需要什么代碼才能在 Android 10 上實現該功能？

我該怎么做才能編寫一個也能在我的其他 Android 9 手機上運行的應用程序？

問候於爾根

Answer 1

從 Android Q 開始，連接到 Wifi 網絡發生了很大變化。

首先，您正在使用或 @matdev 提到的代碼使用 API public int addNetwork (WifiConfiguration config) from WifiManager在 Android 10 中已棄用，並將返回 -1 作為 networkID。

從 Android Q 開始，建議使用兩個類進行 Wifi 連接。 但他們每個人都有自己的優點和缺點。

1. WifiNetworkSpecifier

來自 WifiUtil 庫的代碼示例

WifiNetworkSpecifier.Builder wifiNetworkSpecifierBuilder = new WifiNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
            .setSsid(scanResult.SSID)
            .setBssid(MacAddress.fromString(scanResult.BSSID));

    final String security = ConfigSecurities.getSecurity(scanResult);

    ConfigSecurities.setupWifiNetworkSpecifierSecurities(wifiNetworkSpecifierBuilder, security, password);


    NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
            .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
            .setNetworkSpecifier(wifiNetworkSpecifierBuilder.build())
            .build();

    // not sure, if this is needed
    if (networkCallback != null) {
        connectivityManager.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
    }

    networkCallback = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network) {
            super.onAvailable(network);

            wifiLog("AndroidQ+ connected to wifi ");

            // bind so all api calls are performed over this new network
            connectivityManager.bindProcessToNetwork(network);
        }

        @Override
        public void onUnavailable() {
            super.onUnavailable();

            wifiLog("AndroidQ+ could not connect to wifi");
        }
    };

    connectivityManager.requestNetwork(networkRequest, networkCallback);

我對這個實現的觀察是 - 它更像是 P2P 通信，此時來自同一設備的其他應用程序無法從連接的 WiFi 網絡使用互聯網

2. WifiNetworkSuggestion 

來自 developer.android.com 的代碼示例

final WifiNetworkSuggestion suggestion1 =
  new WifiNetworkSuggestion.Builder()
  .setSsid("test111111")
  .setIsAppInteractionRequired(true) // Optional (Needs location permission)
  .build();

final WifiNetworkSuggestion suggestion2 =
  new WifiNetworkSuggestion.Builder()
  .setSsid("test222222")
  .setWpa2Passphrase("test123456")
  .setIsAppInteractionRequired(true) // Optional (Needs location permission)
  .build();

final WifiNetworkSuggestion suggestion3 =
  new WifiNetworkSuggestion.Builder()
  .setSsid("test333333")
  .setWpa3Passphrase("test6789")
  .setIsAppInteractionRequired(true) // Optional (Needs location permission)
  .build();

final PasspointConfiguration passpointConfig = new PasspointConfiguration();
// configure passpointConfig to include a valid Passpoint configuration

final WifiNetworkSuggestion suggestion4 =
  new WifiNetworkSuggestion.Builder()
  .setPasspointConfig(passpointConfig)
  .setIsAppInteractionRequired(true) // Optional (Needs location permission)
  .build();

final List<WifiNetworkSuggestion> suggestionsList =
  new ArrayList<WifiNetworkSuggestion> {{
    add(suggestion1);
    add(suggestion2);
    add(suggestion3);
    add(suggestion4);
  }};

final WifiManager wifiManager =
  (WifiManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);

final int status = wifiManager.addNetworkSuggestions(suggestionsList);
if (status != WifiManager.STATUS_NETWORK_SUGGESTIONS_SUCCESS) {
// do error handling here…
}

// Optional (Wait for post connection broadcast to one of your suggestions)
final IntentFilter intentFilter =
  new IntentFilter(WifiManager.ACTION_WIFI_NETWORK_SUGGESTION_POST_CONNECTION);

final BroadcastReceiver broadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
  @Override
  public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
    if (!intent.getAction().equals(
      WifiManager.ACTION_WIFI_NETWORK_SUGGESTION_POST_CONNECTION)) {
      return;
    }
    // do post connect processing here...
  }
};
context.registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver, intentFilter);

我對上述實現的觀察是，當您調用wifiManager.addNetworkSuggestions它會返回成功並向用戶顯示連接通知。 如果用戶接受，設備將連接到 WiFi 網絡，其他應用程序可以使用互聯網。 但是如果用戶與網絡斷開連接並且您再次調用wifiManager.addNetworkSuggestions ，它將返回WifiManager.STATUS_NETWORK_SUGGESTIONS_ERROR_ADD_DUPLICATE錯誤。

看起來這個 API 只是提供了設備可以自動連接的網絡的建議列表。 但連接將由操作系統決定。

但是如果你真的需要一個解決方案，一個未公開的方式使用來自 Android 源的默認 Wifi QR 碼掃描儀，它可以檢測 QR 碼方案 Zxing 和 DPP。

這是一個代碼示例：

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

    if(requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_WIFI_QR_SCANNER && resultCode == RESULT_OK)
    {
        //WIFI Connection is Successful
    }
    else
    {
        //.......
    }
}

@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
private void startWifiQRCodeScanner(Context context)
{
    final String INTENT_ACTION_WIFI_QR_SCANNER = "android.settings.WIFI_DPP_ENROLLEE_QR_CODE_SCANNER";
    WifiManager wifiManager = (WifiManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);

    if(wifiManager.isEasyConnectSupported())
    {
        final Intent intent = new Intent(INTENT_ACTION_WIFI_QR_SCANNER);
        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_WIFI_QR_SCANNER);
    }
}

Answer 2

這是一個適用於 Android 6（API 級別 23）的解決方案

String AP_SSID = "YourWifiNetworkSSID";
String AP_PASSWORD = "YourWifiNetworkPassword";
wifiManager = (WifiManager) getApplicationContext().getSystemService(WIFI_SERVICE);

WifiConfiguration conf = new WifiConfiguration();
conf.SSID = "\"" + AP_SSID + "\"";   // Please note the quotes. String should contain ssid in quotes

conf.preSharedKey = "\"" + AP_PASSWORD + "\"";

wifiManager.addNetwork(conf);

try {
    List<WifiConfiguration> list = wifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks();

    for (WifiConfiguration i : list) {
        if (i.SSID != null && i.SSID.equals("\"" + AP_SSID + "\"")) {
            wifiManager.disconnect();
            wifiManager.enableNetwork(i.networkId, true);
            wifiManager.reconnect();

            break;
        }
    }
 } catch (SecurityException e) {
     Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage()); 
 }