在 Visual Studio 的 C++ 項目中使用 NetCDF（通過 vcpkg 安裝）和 CMake 時無法解析的外部符號

Question

自最初發布以來，該問題已更新。 我為將來的人們保留了上下文和信息的所有內容，但最新的信息和問題在底部。

我發現之前發布的有關相關主題的問題有些類似，但似乎沒有一個對我正在做的事情有清晰、簡潔的解決方案。 我希望通過提出這個問題，我可以得到答案，而且互聯網上也會有更明確的答案，供以后遇到類似問題的人使用。

我正在嘗試在 Visual Studio 2019 中使用 NetCDF 創建一個簡單的示例 C++ 代碼，並將 CMake 作為構建系統。 我使用vcpkg安裝了 NetCDF，特別是命令

vcpkg install netcdf-cxx:x64-windows

它將所有必備軟件包和 netcdf-cxx:x64-windows 安裝到C:\\Program Files\\vcpkg\\packages 。

在項目本身中，我有兩個主要文件： main.cpp和CMakeLists.txt 。 目錄結構如下：

- C:\
     - Users\
          - Owner\
               - Education and Research\
                    - Personal Projects\
                         - learning_coding\
                              - C++\
                                   - cmake_netcdf\
                                        - CMakeLists.txt
                                        - main.cpp

文件main.cpp是

#include <iostream>

#include <netcdf>

int main()
{
    std::cout << "Hello world!" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

而CMakeLists.txt是

cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.17)

project(cmake_netcdf)

# Add source to this project's executable.
add_executable(cmake_netcdf main.cpp)

# Find and include the netcdf package
find_package(netcdf CONFIG REQUIRED)
target_link_libraries(cmake_netcdf
                      PRIVATE netcdf
                     )

Visual Studio 可以成功刷新 C++ IntelliSense 信息，

1> CMake generation started for configuration: 'x64-Debug'.
1> Found and using vcpkg toolchain file (C:/Program Files/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake).
1> The toolchain file has changed (CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE).
1> Command line: "cmd.exe" /c ""C:\PROGRAM FILES (X86)\MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO\2019\COMMUNITY\COMMON7\IDE\COMMONEXTENSIONS\MICROSOFT\CMAKE\CMake\bin\cmake.exe"  -G "Ninja"  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING="Debug" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH="C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\out\install\x64-Debug" -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER:FILEPATH="C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.27.29110/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe" -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:FILEPATH="C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.27.29110/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe"  -DCMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM="C:\PROGRAM FILES (X86)\MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO\2019\COMMUNITY\COMMON7\IDE\COMMONEXTENSIONS\MICROSOFT\CMAKE\Ninja\ninja.exe" -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="C:/Program Files/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake" "C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf" 2>&1"
1> Working directory: C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug
1> [CMake] -- The C compiler identification is MSVC 19.27.29111.0
1> [CMake] -- The CXX compiler identification is MSVC 19.27.29111.0
1> [CMake] -- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.27.29110/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe
1> [CMake] -- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.27.29110/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe - works
1> [CMake] -- Detecting C compiler ABI info
1> [CMake] -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
1> [CMake] -- Detecting C compile features
1> [CMake] -- Detecting C compile features - done
1> [CMake] -- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.27.29110/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe
1> [CMake] -- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.27.29110/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe - works
1> [CMake] -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
1> [CMake] -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
1> [CMake] -- Detecting CXX compile features
1> [CMake] -- Detecting CXX compile features - done
1> [CMake] -- Found ZLIB: optimized;C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/lib/zlib.lib;debug;C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/debug/lib/zlibd.lib (found version "1.2.11") 
1> [CMake] -- Found ZLIB: optimized;C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/lib/zlib.lib;debug;C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/debug/lib/zlibd.lib (found suitable version "1.2.11", minimum required is "1") 
1> [CMake] -- Configuring done
1> [CMake] -- Generating done
1> [CMake] -- Build files have been written to: C:/Users/Owner/Education and Research/Personal Projects/learning_coding/C++/cmake_netcdf/build/x64-Debug
1> Extracted CMake variables.
1> Extracted source files and headers.
1> Extracted code model.
1> Extracted includes paths.
1> CMake generation finished.

但項目無法構建並給出錯誤消息cannot open source file "netcdf"和Cannot open include file: 'netcdf': No such file or directory 。 我該如何解決這個錯誤？

編輯 1：跟進評論：

1. “您能否在解決方案屬性->包含目錄中檢查是否設置了 netcdf 包含的路徑？” – 用戶 3389943

此代碼未另存為解決方案，但您確實提示我查看 CMake 變量。 netcdf 的目錄變量是netcdf_DIR = C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/share/netcdf-c ，看起來像

- C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/share/netcdf-c/
     - copyright
     - netCDFConfig.cmake
     - netCDFConfigVersion.cmake
     - netCDFTargets.cmake
     - netCDFTargets-debug.cmake
     - netCDFTargets-release.cmake
     - usage
     - vcpkg_abi_info.txt

netcdf_INCLUDES或任何類似的東西都沒有變量。 它正在為 C++ 程序查看 netcdf-c 是否有問題？ 如何讓 CMake 尋找正確的包含目錄？

2. “NetCDF 包中沒有名為 netcdf 的頭文件。它應該顯示為 #include “netcdf.h”。” – vre

進行該更改並不能修復錯誤，它會給出相同的錯誤，將'netcdf'替換為"netcdf.h" 。 我認為正確的include是netcdf ，除非教程已經過時。

編輯 2：跟進評論：

1. ““我認為正確的包含是 netcdf”：包含文件肯定命名為 netcdf.h。您的 find_package 調用應該嘗試查找 netCDF，這里的案例很重要。在 netCDFTargets-debug.cmake 中有一個用 add_library(< > IMPORTED ...). 將此目標名稱用於您的 target_link_libraries 命令。” – vre

謝謝你告訴我這個文件！ 文件netCDFTargets-debug.cmake讀取

#----------------------------------------------------------------
# Generated CMake target import file for configuration "DEBUG".
#----------------------------------------------------------------

# Commands may need to know the format version.
set(CMAKE_IMPORT_FILE_VERSION 1)

# Import target "netCDF::netcdf" for configuration "DEBUG"
set_property(TARGET netCDF::netcdf APPEND PROPERTY IMPORTED_CONFIGURATIONS DEBUG)
set_target_properties(netCDF::netcdf PROPERTIES
  IMPORTED_IMPLIB_DEBUG "${_IMPORT_PREFIX}/debug/lib/netcdf.lib"
  IMPORTED_LOCATION_DEBUG "${_IMPORT_PREFIX}/debug/bin/netcdf.dll"
  )

list(APPEND _IMPORT_CHECK_TARGETS netCDF::netcdf )
list(APPEND _IMPORT_CHECK_FILES_FOR_netCDF::netcdf "${_IMPORT_PREFIX}/debug/lib/netcdf.lib" "${_IMPORT_PREFIX}/debug/bin/netcdf.dll" )

# Commands beyond this point should not need to know the version.
set(CMAKE_IMPORT_FILE_VERSION)

所以我把我的CMakeLists.txt改成

# Unit test for building a program with netCDF using CMake in visual studio.

cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.17)

project(cmake_netcdf)

# Add source to this project's executable.
add_executable(cmake_netcdf main.cpp)

# Find and include the netcdf package
find_package(netCDF CONFIG REQUIRED)
target_link_libraries(cmake_netcdf
                      PRIVATE netCDF::netcdf
                     )

現在main.cpp構建了！ 它使用#include <netcdf>和#include "netcdf.h" 。

從這里開始，我決定將main.cpp更改為 NCAR 網站上的示例文件，因此main.cpp現在是

/* This is part of the netCDF package.
   Copyright 2006 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Unidata.
   See COPYRIGHT file for conditions of use.

   This is a very simple example which writes a 2D array of
   sample data. To handle this in netCDF we create two shared
   dimensions, "x" and "y", and a netCDF variable, called "data".

   This example is part of the netCDF tutorial:
   http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/docs/netcdf-tutorial

   Full documentation of the netCDF C++ API can be found at:
   http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/docs/netcdf-cxx

   $Id: simple_xy_wr.cpp,v 1.5 2010/02/11 22:36:43 russ Exp $
*/

#include <iostream>
#include <netcdf>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using namespace netCDF;
using namespace netCDF::exceptions;

// We are writing 2D data, a 6 x 12 grid. 
static const int NX = 6;
static const int NY = 12;

// Return this in event of a problem.
static const int NC_ERR = 2;



int main()
{
    // This is the data array we will write. It will just be filled
    // with a progression of numbers for this example.
    int dataOut[NX][NY];

    // Create some pretend data. If this wasn't an example program, we
    // would have some real data to write, for example, model output.
    for (int i = 0; i < NX; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < NY; j++)
            dataOut[i][j] = i * NY + j;

    // The default behavior of the C++ API is to throw an exception i
    // an error occurs. A try catch block is necessary.

    try
    {
        // Create the file. The Replace parameter tells netCDF to overwrite
        // this file, if it already exists.
        NcFile dataFile("simple_xy.nc", NcFile::replace);
        
        // Create netCDF dimensions
        NcDim xDim = dataFile.addDim("x", NX);
        NcDim yDim = dataFile.addDim("y", NY);
        
        // Define the variable. The type of the variable in this case is
        // ncInt (32-bit integer).
        vector<NcDim> dims;
        dims.push_back(xDim);
        dims.push_back(yDim);
        NcVar data = dataFile.addVar("data", ncInt, dims);

        // Write the data to the file. Although netCDF supports
        // reading and writing subsets of data, in this case we write all
        // the data in one operation.
        data.putVar(dataOut);

        // The file will be automatically close when the NcFile object goes
        // out of scope. This frees up any internal netCDF resources
        // associated with the file, and flushes any buffers.
        
        //cout << "*** SUCCESS writing example file simple_xy.nc!" << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    catch (NcException& e)
    {
        e.what();
        return NC_ERR;
    }

}

嘗試構建此示例文件時，我收到一堆鏈接器錯誤

>------ Build All started: Project: cmake_netcdf, Configuration: x64-Debug ------
  [1/2] Building CXX object CMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir\main.cpp.obj
  [2/2] Linking CXX executable cmake_netcdf.exe
  FAILED: cmake_netcdf.exe 
  cmd.exe /C "cd . && "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\CMake\CMake\bin\cmake.exe" -E vs_link_exe --intdir=CMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir --rc=C:\PROGRA~2\WI3CF2~1\10\bin\100183~1.0\x64\rc.exe --mt=C:\PROGRA~2\WI3CF2~1\10\bin\100183~1.0\x64\mt.exe --manifests  -- C:\PROGRA~2\MICROS~1\2019\COMMUN~1\VC\Tools\MSVC\1427~1.291\bin\Hostx64\x64\link.exe /nologo CMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir\main.cpp.obj  /out:cmake_netcdf.exe /implib:cmake_netcdf.lib /pdb:cmake_netcdf.pdb /version:0.0  /machine:x64 /debug /INCREMENTAL /subsystem:console  "C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\netcdf.lib"  "C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\hdf5_hl_D.lib"  "C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\hdf5_D.lib"  "C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\libcurl-d.lib"  "C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\zlibd.lib"  wldap32.lib  winmm.lib  ws2_32.lib  advapi32.lib  crypt32.lib  advapi32.lib  crypt32.lib  kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib && cmd.exe /C "cd /D "C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug" && powershell -noprofile -executionpolicy Bypass -file "C:/Program Files/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/msbuild/applocal.ps1" -targetBinary "C:/Users/Owner/Education and Research/Personal Projects/learning_coding/C++/cmake_netcdf/build/x64-Debug/cmake_netcdf.exe" -installedDir "C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/debug/bin" -OutVariable out""
  LINK Pass 1: command "C:\PROGRA~2\MICROS~1\2019\COMMUN~1\VC\Tools\MSVC\1427~1.291\bin\Hostx64\x64\link.exe /nologo CMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir\main.cpp.obj /out:cmake_netcdf.exe /implib:cmake_netcdf.lib /pdb:cmake_netcdf.pdb /version:0.0 /machine:x64 /debug /INCREMENTAL /subsystem:console C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\netcdf.lib C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\hdf5_hl_D.lib C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\hdf5_D.lib C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\libcurl-d.lib C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\zlibd.lib wldap32.lib winmm.lib ws2_32.lib advapi32.lib crypt32.lib advapi32.lib crypt32.lib kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib /MANIFEST /MANIFESTFILE:CMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir/intermediate.manifest CMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir/manifest.res" failed (exit code 1120) with the following output:
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\main.cpp.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __cdecl netCDF::NcDim::NcDim(class netCDF::NcDim const &)" (??0NcDim@netCDF@@QEAA@AEBV01@@Z) referenced in function "public: static void __cdecl std::_Default_allocator_traits<class std::allocator<class netCDF::NcDim> >::construct<class netCDF::NcDim,class netCDF::NcDim &>(class std::allocator<class netCDF::NcDim> &,class netCDF::NcDim * const,class netCDF::NcDim &)" (??$construct@VNcDim@netCDF@@AEAV12@@?$_Default_allocator_traits@V?$allocator@VNcDim@netCDF@@@std@@@std@@SAXAEAV?$allocator@VNcDim@netCDF@@@1@QEAVNcDim@netCDF@@AEAV34@@Z)
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\main.cpp.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: class netCDF::NcVar __cdecl netCDF::NcGroup::addVar(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,class netCDF::NcType const &,class std::vector<class netCDF::NcDim,class std::allocator<class netCDF::NcDim> > const &)const " (?addVar@NcGroup@netCDF@@QEBA?AVNcVar@2@AEBV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@AEBVNcType@2@AEBV?$vector@VNcDim@netCDF@@V?$allocator@VNcDim@netCDF@@@std@@@5@@Z) referenced in function main
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\main.cpp.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: class netCDF::NcDim __cdecl netCDF::NcGroup::addDim(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,unsigned __int64)const " (?addDim@NcGroup@netCDF@@QEBA?AVNcDim@2@AEBV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@_K@Z) referenced in function main
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\main.cpp.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __cdecl netCDF::NcFile::NcFile(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,enum netCDF::NcFile::FileMode)" (??0NcFile@netCDF@@QEAA@AEBV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@W4FileMode@01@@Z) referenced in function main
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\main.cpp.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual __cdecl netCDF::NcFile::~NcFile(void)" (??1NcFile@netCDF@@UEAA@XZ) referenced in function main
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\main.cpp.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: void __cdecl netCDF::NcVar::putVar(void const *)const " (?putVar@NcVar@netCDF@@QEBAXPEBX@Z) referenced in function main
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\main.cpp.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "class netCDF::NcInt netCDF::ncInt" (?ncInt@netCDF@@3VNcInt@1@A)
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\cmake_netcdf.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 7 unresolved externals
  ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

Build All failed.

我嘗試用#include <netcdf> #include "netcdf.h"替換#include <netcdf>但我得到了更多錯誤：

  [1/2] Building CXX object CMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir\main.cpp.obj
  FAILED: CMakeFiles/cmake_netcdf.dir/main.cpp.obj 
  C:\PROGRA~2\MICROS~1\2019\COMMUN~1\VC\Tools\MSVC\1427~1.291\bin\Hostx64\x64\cl.exe  /nologo /TP -DDEBUG -DH5_BUILT_AS_DYNAMIC_LIB -I"C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\include" /DWIN32 /D_WINDOWS /GR /EHsc /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1 -MDd /showIncludes /FoCMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir\main.cpp.obj /FdCMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir\ /FS -c ..\..\main.cpp
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(22): error C2871: 'netCDF': a namespace with this name does not exist
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(23): error C2653: 'netCDF': is not a class or namespace name
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(23): error C2871: 'exceptions': a namespace with this name does not exist
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(53): error C2065: 'NcFile': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(53): error C2146: syntax error: missing ';' before identifier 'dataFile'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(53): error C2653: 'NcFile': is not a class or namespace name
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(53): error C2065: 'replace': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(53): error C3861: 'dataFile': identifier not found
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(56): error C2065: 'NcDim': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(56): error C2146: syntax error: missing ';' before identifier 'xDim'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(56): error C2065: 'xDim': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(56): error C2065: 'dataFile': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(57): error C2065: 'NcDim': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(57): error C2146: syntax error: missing ';' before identifier 'yDim'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(57): error C2065: 'yDim': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(57): error C2065: 'dataFile': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(61): error C2065: 'NcDim': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(61): error C2923: 'std::vector': 'NcDim' is not a valid template type argument for parameter '_Ty'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(61): error C2976: 'std::vector': too few template arguments
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.27.29110\include\vector(413): note: see declaration of 'std::vector'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(61): error C2133: 'dims': unknown size
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(61): error C2512: 'std::vector': no appropriate default constructor available
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.27.29110\include\vector(413): note: see declaration of 'std::vector'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(62): error C2065: 'xDim': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(63): error C2065: 'yDim': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(64): error C2065: 'NcVar': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(64): error C2146: syntax error: missing ';' before identifier 'data'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(64): error C2065: 'dataFile': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(64): error C2065: 'ncInt': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(78): error C2061: syntax error: identifier 'NcException'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(78): error C2310: catch handlers must specify one type
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(80): error C2065: 'e': undeclared identifier
  ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

Build All failed.

對這些新問題有什么見解嗎？ 谷歌搜索將我帶到了這個頁面，它表明 CMake 正在鏈接到 32 位版本的庫（而我的系統是 64 位），但我只安裝了 64 位版本的庫。

另外，關於#include <netcdf>與#include "netcdf.h" ，我在C:\\Program Files\\vcpkg\\installed\\x64-windows\\include有兩個文件（以及一堆與 HDF5 相關的頭文件和東西）。 似乎<netcdf>是全部，而netcdf.h只是其中的一部分？

2. “netcdf_DIR 是 find_package 搜索頭文件和庫的地方。你能像@vre 提到的那樣交叉檢查目標名稱嗎？” – 用戶 3389943

我當然可以！ netcdf_DIR是C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/share/netcdf-c ，我在編輯 1 中提到了它的內容。

netCDFTargets.cmake文件中有一行add_library(netCDF::netcdf SHARED IMPORTED) ，我將其用於最新版本的target_link_libraries命令。

編輯 3：跟進評論：

1. “那么在 netCDFTargets.cmake 中定義了哪些其他目標” – user3389943

我不完全確定如何解析netCDFTargets.cmake ，所以這里是內容：

# Generated by CMake

if("${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION}" LESS 2.5)
   message(FATAL_ERROR "CMake >= 2.6.0 required")
endif()
cmake_policy(PUSH)
cmake_policy(VERSION 2.6)
#----------------------------------------------------------------
# Generated CMake target import file.
#----------------------------------------------------------------

# Commands may need to know the format version.
set(CMAKE_IMPORT_FILE_VERSION 1)

# Protect against multiple inclusion, which would fail when already imported targets are added once more.
set(_targetsDefined)
set(_targetsNotDefined)
set(_expectedTargets)
foreach(_expectedTarget netCDF::netcdf)
  list(APPEND _expectedTargets ${_expectedTarget})
  if(NOT TARGET ${_expectedTarget})
    list(APPEND _targetsNotDefined ${_expectedTarget})
  endif()
  if(TARGET ${_expectedTarget})
    list(APPEND _targetsDefined ${_expectedTarget})
  endif()
endforeach()
if("${_targetsDefined}" STREQUAL "${_expectedTargets}")
  unset(_targetsDefined)
  unset(_targetsNotDefined)
  unset(_expectedTargets)
  set(CMAKE_IMPORT_FILE_VERSION)
  cmake_policy(POP)
  return()
endif()
if(NOT "${_targetsDefined}" STREQUAL "")
  message(FATAL_ERROR "Some (but not all) targets in this export set were already defined.\nTargets Defined: ${_targetsDefined}\nTargets not yet defined: ${_targetsNotDefined}\n")
endif()
unset(_targetsDefined)
unset(_targetsNotDefined)
unset(_expectedTargets)


# Compute the installation prefix relative to this file.
get_filename_component(_IMPORT_PREFIX "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}" PATH)
get_filename_component(_IMPORT_PREFIX "${_IMPORT_PREFIX}" PATH)
get_filename_component(_IMPORT_PREFIX "${_IMPORT_PREFIX}" PATH)
if(_IMPORT_PREFIX STREQUAL "/")
  set(_IMPORT_PREFIX "")
endif()

# Create imported target netCDF::netcdf
add_library(netCDF::netcdf SHARED IMPORTED)

set_target_properties(netCDF::netcdf PROPERTIES
  INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${_IMPORT_PREFIX}/include;${_IMPORT_PREFIX}/include"
  INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "ZLIB::ZLIB;hdf5::hdf5-shared;hdf5::hdf5_hl-shared;CURL::libcurl"
)

if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 2.8.12)
  message(FATAL_ERROR "This file relies on consumers using CMake 2.8.12 or greater.")
endif()

# Load information for each installed configuration.
get_filename_component(_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}" PATH)
file(GLOB CONFIG_FILES "${_DIR}/netCDFTargets-*.cmake")
foreach(f ${CONFIG_FILES})
  include(${f})
endforeach()

# Cleanup temporary variables.
set(_IMPORT_PREFIX)

# Loop over all imported files and verify that they actually exist
foreach(target ${_IMPORT_CHECK_TARGETS} )
  foreach(file ${_IMPORT_CHECK_FILES_FOR_${target}} )
    if(NOT EXISTS "${file}" )
      message(FATAL_ERROR "The imported target \"${target}\" references the file
   \"${file}\"
but this file does not exist.  Possible reasons include:
* The file was deleted, renamed, or moved to another location.
* An install or uninstall procedure did not complete successfully.
* The installation package was faulty and contained
   \"${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}\"
but not all the files it references.
")
    endif()
  endforeach()
  unset(_IMPORT_CHECK_FILES_FOR_${target})
endforeach()
unset(_IMPORT_CHECK_TARGETS)

# This file does not depend on other imported targets which have
# been exported from the same project but in a separate export set.

# Commands beyond this point should not need to know the version.
set(CMAKE_IMPORT_FILE_VERSION)
cmake_policy(POP)

這有幫助嗎？

Answer 1

好的，我找到了解決方案！ 這肯定不是一個完美的解決方案，但它是一個解決方案。

不幸的是，我無法讓它在帶有 Windows 的 Visual Studio 上工作。 我可能會在某個時候再次嘗試，但我覺得版本netCDF-cxx4是日期的出vcpkg什么的。 我目前不在我的主要工作站，所以我將不得不在那里再試一次，看看我是否可以在 Visual Studio 中找到解決方案。 無論如何，這就是我所做的似乎有效的事情：

1. 我通過Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)下載了 Ubuntu 20.04.1。 我不確定這是否適用於較舊或較新版本的 Ubuntu，但我認為它會。 我還使用了他們在該頁面上提到的 Windows 終端，並使用此處找到的vimrc示例文件設置了我的顏色。

通過在C:\\之上添加兩層，即/mnt/ ，這會稍微改變文件系統的工作方式。 您可以通過瀏覽到您的文件在Windows上/mnt/c/Users/通過進入和Ubuntu的子系統/ 。 我將我的 Ubuntu 帳戶命名為usr ，因此“桌面”Ubuntu 文件保存在/home/usr 。 對於所有后續步驟，我將使用 Windows 終端應用程序中的 Ubuntu 終端窗口。

啟用 WSL 后通過vcpkg安裝zlib也存在問題，但我不知道如何解決它，也沒有在任何地方找到解決方案。

2. 我通過運行sudo apt install build-essential下載了 C++ 編譯器，並通過sudo apt install cmake libnetcdf-dev安裝了 CMake 和 netCDF-C。

3. 我通過將他們的GitHub 存儲netCDF-cxx4到我的主目錄/home/usr並使用命令來安裝netCDF-cxx4

mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
ctest
sudo make install

如果你沒有那個sudo ，你會得到一個權限錯誤。

4. 我在目錄/usr/local/lib/cmake/netcdf找到了netCDFCxxConfig.cmake文件並對CMakeLists.txt文件進行了一些更改

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8)

# Set project name and version
project(cmake_netcdfcxx4)

# Find the netcdf-cxx4 library
list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "/usr/local/lib/cmake/netCDF")
find_package(netCDFCxx REQUIRED)

# Add source to this project's executable.
add_executable(cmake_netcdfcxx4 main.cpp)

# Link the netcdf-cxx4 library to the executable
target_link_libraries(cmake_netcdfcxx4
                      PRIVATE
                         netCDF::netcdf-cxx4
                     )

將此目錄添加到CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH變量。 我仍在研究如何將目錄/usr/local/lib/cmake/自動添加到 CMake 搜索路徑，這樣用戶就不必編輯CMakeLists.txt文件來正確編譯它，所以我想這會需要一些更新。

我希望這對未來的人們有所幫助！