為使用`python -m zipapp`創建的獨立應用程序導入模塊的正確方法是什么？

Question

我有一個將作為獨立應用程序分發的模塊。 該模塊具有以下結構：

$ tree -L 2 ./
./
├── mymodule
│   ├── __main__.py
│   ├── fun.py
└── mymodule.pyz

mymodule/__main__.py包含下一行：

#!/usr/bin/env python

import argparse
import sys
import os.path
from mymodule.fun import Fun

def main():
    sys.stdout.write('main is running')
    Fun().run()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

mymodule/fun.py包含下一行：

#!/usr/bin/env python

import sys

class Fun:
    """FUN"""

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def run(self):
        sys.stdout.write("fun")

如果我使用$ python -m mymodule運行模塊，輸出是main is runningfun

但是如果我使用$ python -m zipapp -p "/usr/bin/evn python" mymodule創建一個獨立的應用程序並運行它$ python mymodule.pyz我得到錯誤

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/runpy.py", line 193, in _run_module_as_main
    "__main__", mod_spec)
  File "/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "mymodule.pyz/__main__.py", line 6, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'mymodule'

import什么問題？

UPD：sys.path 輸出

$ python -m mymodule
['', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python36.zip', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload', '/Users/igork/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/site-packages']

$ python mymodule.pyz
['mymodule.pyz', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python36.zip', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload', '/Users/igork/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages', '/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/site-packages']

Answer 1

首先，我使用錯誤的命令運行應用程序，正確的是：

$ python mymodule

要創建單文件應用程序並運行它，我需要使用：

$ python -m zipapp -p "/usr/bin/evn python" mymodule
$ python mymodule.pyz

要運行單元測試，我需要使用：

$ python -m unittest

但是單元測試由於錯誤而失敗：

======================================================================                                                          
ERROR: test_fun (unittest.loader._FailedTest)                                                                                   
----------------------------------------------------------------------                                                          
ImportError: Failed to import test module: test_fun                                                                             
Traceback (most recent call last):                                                                                              
  File "/Users/igork/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/unittest/loader.py", line 153, in loadTestsFromName                    
    module = __import__(module_name)                                                                                            
  File "/Users/igork/developer/github/python/testzipapp/tests/test_fun.py", line 2, in <module>                                 
    from mymodule.fun import Fun                                                                                                
  File "/Users/igork/developer/github/python/testzipapp/mymodule/fun.py", line 8, in <module>                                   
    from bar import Bar                                                                                                         
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'bar'                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
----------------------------------------------------------------------                                                          
Ran 1 test in 0.000s                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
FAILED (errors=1)                                                                                                               

為了修復錯誤，我在tests/__init__.py文件中添加了下一行：

import sys                    
sys.path.append('mymodule')   

總結一下：我使用的項目結構是：

testzipapp $ tree -L 2             
.                                             
├── create-pyz.sh                              
├── mymodule                                  
│   ├── __main__.py                            
│   ├── bar.py                                
│   ├── fun.py                                
├── mymodule.pyz                              
└── tests                                     
    ├── __init__.py                           
    ├── test_fun.py                           
   

文件tests/test_fun.py是：

import unittest                                                 
from mymodule.fun import Fun                                    
                                                                
                                                                
class TestFunImports(unittest.TestCase):                        
    def test_fun_run(self):                                     
        s = Fun()                                               
        s.run()                                                 
        self.assertEqual(2+2,4)                                 
                                                                

文件mymodule/__main__.py是：

#!/usr/bin/env python                                                      
                                                                           
import sys                                                                                                                            
from fun import Fun                                                        
                                                                           
def main():                                                                
    sys.stdout.write('main is running ')                                   
    Fun().run()                                                            
                                                                           
if __name__ == '__main__':                                                 
    main()