Django通過模型形式和外鍵在模型中保存數據

Question

我有一個名為Doctor的模型和一個名為Appoint的模型，其中有醫生作為外鍵。 並且我有一個模型表單來為 Appoint 模型輸入輸入，但不能輸入其中的外鍵。 我可以通過 url 鏈接 Doctor 模型，但我無法在 Appoint 模型中保存醫生（外鍵）。

這是 2 個模型：-

``` class Doctor(models.Model):
    docid = models.IntegerField(null=True, default=1001)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=40)
    phone = models.IntegerField()
    add = models.TextField()
    email = models.EmailField()
    category = models.CharField(choices=doc_cat,max_length=20)
    price = models.IntegerField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Appoint(models.Model):
    f_name = models.CharField(max_length=12)
    l_name = models.CharField(max_length=12)
    phone1 = models.IntegerField()
    phone2 = models.IntegerField()
    add = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    state = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    pincode = models.IntegerField()
    doctor = models.ForeignKey(Doctor,null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    day = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    timeslot = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    symptom = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    email = models.EmailField()
    date = models.DateField(auto_now=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.f_name + self.l_name```

這是查看方法：-

``` def takeappointment(request, docid):
    doctor = Doctor.objects.get(docid = docid)
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = Appointform(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            f_name = request.POST['f_name']
            l_name = request.POST['l_name']
            day = request.POST['day']
            timeslot = request.POST['timeslot']
            email = request.POST['email']
            return render(request, 'submit.html', {
                'f_name' : f_name,
                'l_name' : l_name,
                'day' : day,
                'timeslot' : timeslot,
                'email' : email,
                })   
    form = Appointform()
    return render(request, 'takeappointment.html', {'form': form, 'doctor': doctor})
 ```

如何保存 Doctor 模型中的外鍵以及 Appoint 模型中的表單數據？

Answer 1

你可以這樣做：將醫生參數添加到你的Appointform

class Appointform(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Appoint

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.from_doctor = kwargs.pop("from_doctor", None)
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def clean(self):
        cleaned_data = super().clean()
        cleaned_data["doctor"] = self.from_doctor
        return cleaned_data

並在您的takeappointment視圖中創建表單時添加此參數

def takeappointment(request, docid):
    doctor = Doctor.objects.get(docid = docid)
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = Appointform(request.POST, from_doctor=doctor)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            f_name = request.POST['f_name']
            l_name = request.POST['l_name']
            day = request.POST['day']
            timeslot = request.POST['timeslot']
            email = request.POST['email']
            return render(request, 'submit.html', {
                'f_name' : f_name,
                'l_name' : l_name,
                'day' : day,
                'timeslot' : timeslot,
                'email' : email,
                })   
    form = Appointform(from_doctor=doctor)
    return render(request, 'takeappointment.html', {'form': form, 'doctor': doctor})            

您還需要更改 Appoint 模型的定義，將blank=True添加到您的doctor字段

doctor = models.ForeignKey(Doctor, null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

你可以用其他方式來做。

class Appointform(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Appoint
        exclude = ("doctor", )

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.from_doctor = kwargs.pop("from_doctor", None)
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.instance.doctor = self.from_doctor
        return super().save(*args, **kwargs)