如何為 Azure Active Directory 中的用戶分配角色

Question

我正在為 web 門戶創建login模塊。 為此，我創建了一個create user api，它在 Azure Active Directory 中創建用戶。 下面是我如何使用圖形 API執行此操作（在 Python 中）：

user_data = {
            "accountEnabled": True,
            "displayName": "john",
            "mailNickname": "john",
            "userPrincipalName": "john@demo.onmicrosoft.com",
            "passwordProfile": {
                "forceChangePasswordNextSignIn": False,
                "password": <password>
            }
        }

jdata = json.dumps(user_data)
conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection('graph.microsoft.com')
conn.request("POST", "/v1.0/users", jdata, headers)
response = conn.getresponse()

這會在活動目錄中創建用戶，我也可以正常登錄。 要登錄，我使用的是 Python 的adal庫：

context = adal.AuthenticationContext(config_data['AUTHORITY_HOST_URL'] + '/' + config_data['TENANT'], validate_authority = config_data["TENANT"] != 'adfs')

email = email_name + "@" + config_data['TenantName']
token = context.acquire_token_with_username_password(config_data['RESOURCE'], email, raw_data['password'], config_data['RIPE_CONNECT_CLIENT_ID'])
                                                     

我還需要為我創建的用戶分配角色。 例如，我有一個教育門戶網站，在創建帳戶時，用戶還可以選擇他/她是student ， teacher ， parent 。 基於此，我需要將這些角色分配給用戶，以便每當用戶登錄時，門戶網站就會知道該用戶是student ，因此它將顯示所有相關信息，而不會顯示與學生無關的其他數據。 當老師登錄時，它會顯示所有數據。

如何將role based control system應用於 azure 活動目錄中的用戶。 我已經閱讀了 Microsoft 提供的一些文檔，但看起來RBAC僅供用戶限制他們在 Azure 本身上使用任何虛擬機/Web 服務。

如何在我的場景中使用RBAC 。 是否有可用的 API 可用於進一步為用戶分配角色。 還有什么其他選擇。

誰能給我一些好的建議？ 請幫忙。 謝謝

編輯：

config_data['RESOURCE']: https://graph.microsoft.com

以下是我在使用 adal 庫對用戶進行身份驗證時得到的響應：

{
    'tokenType': 'Bearer',
    'expiresIn': 3599,
    'expiresOn': '2020-10-26 13:19:56.881597',
    'resource': 'https://graph.microsoft.com',
    'accessToken': 'eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJub25jZSI6IjU0aG03Z1psNmdqZVNmT1lCcF9jeVliTWtobklKVmdlV1Q2dHF2SnR3cTgiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsIng1dCI6ImtnMkxZczJUMENUaklmajRydDZKSXluZW4zOCIsImtpZCI6ImtnMkxZczJUMENUaklmajRydDZKSXluZW4zOCJ9.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.qk3t_nZ0q_koA4D1QZNeBm7DLbuYxiCMNn8TC85dyQz1eY1uIZ1jhj7248z0m4CvELtp27KR8-jssiCzkW1RdUgxShscV6jRbmMPcpbR5YZ5iNZOyQxQHDSAafM0s_mJjQAA8JTwxc4yAhcKOU2R5PcVX6zbeCi28weQDs9q6vke7fCN7UPX6MKQNELBopJnQaXrvc5J9UAhvA1-_FfONnjb3zxRqb55hQuAiKpn2pRzyfD_fHViuPD2UauTZ0-1rwLRPtuMWdPl2aZNGrftfgTCeN6kxUlvunta06cdtyN6XnILCCv7mlYecPPwZi4vd5SC0hIYNIaEgciBa1pwYg',
    'refreshToken': '0.ASwAH0GQvLV2s0qvyhPREnfkS4JkG8CNKDNFjJinxegGfMgsAHE.AgABAAAAAAB2UyzwtQEKR7-rWbgdcBZIAQDs_wIA9P-wwH63zoGppq4f4Mz_zC7KfHZm8AYjxC3scz2h4HGhhHlmMNHFwj3IxE-EjTu0fgnzW-0YsRe4ELoB-3kD87Ok7NuF91NlLw2jnsVmfBu3WAbpqPDe_dGbJN6jKORHaXnSZFa32CvXht2wfj-VByzqXCBOIA3N6h61zptbSXvw4kRcobMAnftSgrzmIMwvVZIduEfnzkuSphwla_V0UxQhnAioVQUlJP90-5WRoVjLNqrmLQnaTUrY4ppeKL_u12HJZje1T2TmTHqTIfrGOZz_tvEDGsU06D2AbjTrVCfJget6D4UgKtUuo9L_dGS9PFO6OSMHSzAu32tXrB0pgxz9okm-so1ptpcSh1jtbrZATmYG4olBcEmKD_-meVrgQ7r_XH8GseBPXSSw_Bqvr55GDUbm0qGjDc3qUjHnBAeVZOPJVTKaTOK93UoUtv15DXB23UN-8xQjQ6ynjIUfC_mIJVr4m1K_sDjVAqvsvOX_gM0Zc0OwsUvB3-W_fIbr0CO1Rd38s2XfDOwkuqi8GCab6Jao5DC9rMDxekJmrc1efQvexdnijjGoTm__IGFZF2IUR_ARdJxt6UlPVrIpvAJROO5T7YIEpeR-fo6euq6txYDjiw4ImZCZ5E717lbRQsqiqLshV2TZNmf0rqRPesraBqBi8LfvEei7AdYMor5uMZpcnYPx2xKMnEnCrZBj1PkMc-quDhIoWyRNontHmTa2YbrFWGZBf61g2Y6J_P_5qySljS3JZted2A_jVd45ue2aBzcQVjxuXnKn0EEeoeq_dmxEylWxwoZYL_2hBnlNzgGD5gVXf24uL_RJvuIHat68UOSCt6hf4IwVVLGvNobhqPJO5v5YNvHdmP5P1n0KkEQJLzoyZuY',
    'oid': '1bc79085-2a1f-4fad-8da8-647f4b4b2927',
    'tenantId': 'bc90411f-76b5-4ab3-afca-13d11277e44b',
    'userId': 'testuser@demo.info',
    'isUserIdDisplayable': True,
    'isMRRT': True,
    '_clientId': 'c01b6482-288d-4533-8c98-a7c5e8067cc8',
    '_authority': 'https://login.microsoftonline.com/bc90411f-76b5-4ab3-afca-13d11277e44b'
}

使用客戶端 ID 作為資源時的響應：

{
    'tokenType': 'Bearer',
    'expiresIn': 3599,
    'expiresOn': '2020-10-26 13:30:30.990330',
    'resource': 'c01b6482-288d-4533-8c98-a7c5e8067cc8',
    'accessToken': 'eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsIng1dCI6ImtnMkxZczJUMENUaklmajRydDZKSXluZW4zOCIsImtpZCI6ImtnMkxZczJUMENUaklmajRydDZKSXluZW4zOCJ9.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.BkjC5-glOieUjsx3QoRs0LuWUbKlX__G9EIDHL3Uxmc1NnTFsAPgi1NdtZuimiP9r6Th976XaHzub_Z6cq_yzRVzQNEon41GGI_mrc3ejjCJnRjgxSTOhQlqiW99E58x6PATPzB2rjwpNj_BOkkAR8qWul-nUxYf071h0RLNqftUigLL85LpkLFSWgBmqp1o7m84Y5lmxPNBsMYoNw7z94lDlR79j-SjwbxhvFO-zaR2qXMw4U2yWHmjxhYx-VJ1goC_esgasutI5PUCndYewzH9pnG9uNTwDFaLpJS_FudQrPSKvr2mVFGqwpuEIfmbybj-Vd2ETPCIu8kZ-b__3g',
    'refreshToken': '0.ASwAH0GQvLV2s0qvyhPREnfkS4JkG8CNKDNFjJinxegGfMgsAHE.AgABAAAAAAB2UyzwtQEKR7-rWbgdcBZIAQDs_wIA9P8SUM1Gw4jhn-3gCk4lIUZOSxhqfoeqN6nY7DXdcjtUqsWRbzeB09CdUPwJqkwr42WqsFgQhxRc3NMxt_ZSwut2ZvrapmKCTjXzp3mXzzk3PQulqUQCa0eIgtNhrmjQoQ57L-TkprJnzIrTh2mYQMWDsSJB82jva-5EPi0dmuqvwfmBuWAjJqh1RinAmBZOtl4B5GUqTDvblJMINqV6nNJRESGU51alKLyailCumYDzWlN-ljEdY3O6Y53EwvQBfLbKIckCChXs__Tn0q4UDfmiJpVPdG1K452Jm2IhgCYsp8Uy-pPd2l1ZNObH9Vr5cadkSoAJP9v4I4g7BGokV9J9GiysR7mENhxh_oe3Yao7Mhosmid7Nveplv3BkZxbmilWp_1-11tUrGWEIjz6O1j0i9_0o6UW54SYA5Wj4hFXQ6yQX0x2QBTj7xGJBzsiJ4F3gxuZ_wCZUqyqwkxvqAg8SkK1QUpPQpOlMrfoE-db5jJ4sL1WcQ71ZSD3cfJgLRtajCPIJsutQ-It8FE6rG9Qj8k_srKB6oSKQL62J_X7bUVGLdZRjDVNhWaowam_oz4oNm7z1YELAepOJvpV__PEETAFxpl_zl2WnizKAYsSDMg8U1NZJ11Ihvyh3B_yYUKjPA46iqcWgp0WeUc93L-ZYgIdFy3j1Ie3N7p-hYXCxSdMs0UUnQUcUwgbXnwCfPEwcDdQH0WqwKBAILRml0rR-PAcSY6hUV5g51mQ3mHpfGvTtkIbDEMj2LmwGR872-JOB4gxGn4wv48AuxOrtu-GydcwucY_ev9bKs72XdwXC0vi2KGoVqv5ElJdAqjquf2doxaegCAwFe4APYeQ-AdkyR30CpuJedmp5YBESNTNB4yljreHErk9UXKkCYcCQnk',
    'oid': '1bc79085-2a1f-4fad-8da8-647f4b4b2927',
    'tenantId': 'bc90411f-76b5-4ab3-afca-13d11277e44b',
    'userId': 'testuser@demo.info',
    'isUserIdDisplayable': True,
    'isMRRT': True,
    '_clientId': 'c01b6482-288d-4533-8c98-a7c5e8067cc8',
    '_authority': 'https://login.microsoftonline.com/bc90411f-76b5-4ab3-afca-13d11277e44b'
}

Answer 1

我認為您正在尋找的是應用程序角色和 appRoleAssignments: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/api/serviceprincipal-post-approleassignments?view=graph-rest-1.0&tabs=http 。 您可以在您的應用程序注冊清單中定義用戶角色，然后通過 API 調用上面鏈接的端點或通過 Azure AD 管理 UI（企業應用程序 -> 您的應用程序 -> 用戶和組）分配它們。

應用角色文檔： https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/howto-add-app-roles-in-azure-ad-apps

上述文檔中的示例定義角色：

"appRoles": [
    {
      "allowedMemberTypes": [
        "User"
      ],
      "displayName": "Writer",
      "id": "d1c2ade8-98f8-45fd-aa4a-6d06b947c66f",
      "isEnabled": true,
      "description": "Writers Have the ability to create tasks.",
      "value": "Writer"
    }
  ],