通過 Apache web 服務器和 Ubuntu 上的 DAV 啟用 Subversion 訪問

Question

我有一個 Ubuntu 20 在我的家庭網絡上的 PC 上運行，我想在本地網絡上用作我家中的 Subversion 服務器。 I have Apache web server installed as well as Subversion installed and I now want to add access through the Apache web server using the HTTP DAV protocol.

我打算在 Windows PC 上使用 Visual Studio 和 Ankh 插件，並在 Ubuntu 服務器上使用 Subversion 來存儲我的源代碼存儲庫。

當前修改 Apache 配置以啟用使用 HTTP 訪問 Subversion 的方法是什么？ 到目前為止，我發現的方向似乎對信息有點輕，只不過是一系列要使用的命令，並且由於某種原因它們似乎很舊。

在我看來，由於我支持本地網絡上的單個用戶，我需要：

• 創建一個 Subversion 存儲庫
• 修改位於文件夾/etc/apache2/mods-enabled中的文件dav_svn.conf
• 重啟 Apache

After doing the above I should be able to access my Subversion repository using the Ankh plug-in for Visual Studio using a URL such as https://192.168.0.4/svn/ , assuming my Ubuntu server is at IP address 192.168.0.4 on我的本地家庭網絡。

我目前在哪里：

• Apache 已安裝並運行和服務頁面
• Subversion 與 libapache2-mod-svn 一起安裝
• 我還沒有創建 Subversion 存儲庫

Apache 和 Subversion 的版本是：

rick@rick-MS-7B98:/etc/apache2/mods-enabled$ apache2 -version
Server version: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)
Server built:   2020-08-12T19:46:17

rick@rick-MS-7B98:/etc/apache2/mods-enabled$ svn --version
svn, version 1.13.0 (r1867053)
   compiled Mar 24 2020, 12:33:36 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu

我在文件夾/etc/apache2/mods-enabled中找到了一個文件dav_svn.conf ，它似乎是 DAV 通過 Apache 訪問 Subversion 的配置文件。 該文件包含：

rick@rick-MS-7B98:/etc/apache2/mods-enabled$ cat dav_svn.conf
# dav_svn.conf - Example Subversion/Apache configuration
#
# For details and further options see the Apache user manual and
# the Subversion book.
#
# NOTE: for a setup with multiple vhosts, you will want to do this
# configuration in /etc/apache2/sites-available/*, not here.

# <Location URL> ... </Location>
# URL controls how the repository appears to the outside world.
# In this example clients access the repository as http://hostname/svn/
# Note, a literal /svn should NOT exist in your document root.
#<Location /svn>

  # Uncomment this to enable the repository
  #DAV svn

  # Set this to the path to your repository
  #SVNPath /var/lib/svn
  # Alternatively, use SVNParentPath if you have multiple repositories under
  # under a single directory (/var/lib/svn/repo1, /var/lib/svn/repo2, ...).
  # You need either SVNPath or SVNParentPath, but not both.
  #SVNParentPath /var/lib/svn

  # Access control is done at 3 levels: (1) Apache authentication, via
  # any of several methods.  A "Basic Auth" section is commented out
  # below.  (2) Apache <Limit> and <LimitExcept>, also commented out
  # below.  (3) mod_authz_svn is a svn-specific authorization module
  # which offers fine-grained read/write access control for paths
  # within a repository.  (The first two layers are coarse-grained; you
  # can only enable/disable access to an entire repository.)  Note that
  # mod_authz_svn is noticeably slower than the other two layers, so if
  # you don't need the fine-grained control, don't configure it.

  # Basic Authentication is repository-wide.  It is not secure unless
  # you are using https.  See the 'htpasswd' command to create and
  # manage the password file - and the documentation for the
  # 'auth_basic' and 'authn_file' modules, which you will need for this
  # (enable them with 'a2enmod').
  #AuthType Basic
  #AuthName "Subversion Repository"
  #AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/dav_svn.passwd

  # To enable authorization via mod_authz_svn (enable that module separately):
  #<IfModule mod_authz_svn.c>
  #AuthzSVNAccessFile /etc/apache2/dav_svn.authz
  #</IfModule>

  # The following three lines allow anonymous read, but make
  # committers authenticate themselves.  It requires the 'authz_user'
  # module (enable it with 'a2enmod').
  #<LimitExcept GET PROPFIND OPTIONS REPORT>
    #Require valid-user
  #</LimitExcept>

#</Location>

Answer 1

The file /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dav_svn.conf needs to be modified, the Subversion repository created, and the Apache web server restarted in order to allow Subversion repository access through the Apache web server.

首先檢查位於/etc/apache2/mods-available中的dav*文件（ dav.load 、 dav_svn.load和dav_svn.conf ）的必要符號鏈接是否位於 / /etc/apache2/mods-enabled目錄中當 Apache 啟動時，將處理/etc/apache2/mods-enabled中列出的.conf和.load文件。

文件dav_svn.conf指定 Apache 服務器需要找到正確目錄以及如何執行用戶身份驗證的 Subversion 存儲庫的信息。 .load文件指示 Apache 需要加載哪些庫才能以編程方式訪問存儲庫。 所需的庫位於使用apt install的libapache2-mod-svn package 中。

注意：在嘗試刪除和清理 Subversion 和 Apache 安裝以重新安裝它們之后，在處理此問題時，我遇到了apt和dpkg錯誤的問題。 重新安裝后使用 Subversion 服務器啟動 Apache web 服務器時，請參閱“未知的 DAV 提供程序：svn”，這是我在 askubuntu stackexchange 中發布的一個帖子，目的是尋求幫助。

我使用的dav_svn.conf文件如下：

rick@rick-MS-7B98:/etc/apache2/mods-enabled$ cat dav_svn.conf
# dav_svn.conf - Example Subversion/Apache configuration
#
# For details and further options see the Apache user manual and
# the Subversion book.
#
# NOTE: for a setup with multiple vhosts, you will want to do this
# configuration in /etc/apache2/sites-available/*, not here.

# <Location URL> ... </Location>
# URL controls how the repository appears to the outside world.
# In this example clients access the repository as http://hostname/svn/
# Note, a literal /svn should NOT exist in your document root.
<Location /svn>

  # Uncomment this to enable the repository
  DAV svn

  # Set this to the path to your repository
  SVNPath /srv/svn
  # Alternatively, use SVNParentPath if you have multiple repositories under
  # under a single directory (/var/lib/svn/repo1, /var/lib/svn/repo2, ...).
  # You need either SVNPath or SVNParentPath, but not both.
  #SVNParentPath /var/lib/svn

  # Access control is done at 3 levels: (1) Apache authentication, via
  # any of several methods.  A "Basic Auth" section is commented out
  # below.  (2) Apache <Limit> and <LimitExcept>, also commented out
  # below.  (3) mod_authz_svn is a svn-specific authorization module
  # which offers fine-grained read/write access control for paths
  # within a repository.  (The first two layers are coarse-grained; you
  # can only enable/disable access to an entire repository.)  Note that
  # mod_authz_svn is noticeably slower than the other two layers, so if
  # you don't need the fine-grained control, don't configure it.

  # Basic Authentication is repository-wide.  It is not secure unless
  # you are using https.  See the 'htpasswd' command to create and
  # manage the password file - and the documentation for the
  # 'auth_basic' and 'authn_file' modules, which you will need for this
  # (enable them with 'a2enmod').
  AuthType Basic
  AuthName "Subversion Repository"
  AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/dav_svn.passwd
  Require valid-user

  # To enable authorization via mod_authz_svn (enable that module separately):
  #<IfModule mod_authz_svn.c>
  #AuthzSVNAccessFile /etc/apache2/dav_svn.authz
  #</IfModule>

  # The following three lines allow anonymous read, but make
  # committers authenticate themselves.  It requires the 'authz_user'
  # module (enable it with 'a2enmod').
  #<LimitExcept GET PROPFIND OPTIONS REPORT>
    #Require valid-user
  #</LimitExcept>

</Location>

修改文件后，我使用命令sudo systemctl restart apache2重新啟動 Apache2 web 服務器，一切都很好。

我必須創建在dav_svn.conf文件的AuthUserFile指令中指定的密碼文件/etc/apache2/dav_svn.passwd 。

我正在使用dav_svn.conf文件的SVNPath指令中指定的/srv/svn的標准 Subversion 存儲庫路徑。 我使用命令sudo svnadmin create /srv/svn創建存儲庫。

接下來，我使用sudo svn mkdir命令創建了現有 Subversion 存儲庫（ trunk 、 release和branches ）的目錄樹，我需要復制這些目錄樹，以便使用svnadmin load將 Subversion 轉儲文件加載到我的新存儲庫中。 請參閱如何導出（然后導入）Subversion 存儲庫？

安裝新的 SSD 以通過 samba 和 webDAV 使用

I wanted to add a new 500GB Samsung SSD to my Ubuntu 20.04 PC for additional file server space to allow sharing of files across my LAN using both samba to allow for a Windows network drive and a webDAV server accessed through the Apache2 web server running on the Ubuntu 電腦。

我做的第一件事是將新的 500GB 三星 EVO 860 SSD 安裝到盒子中並啟動它。

接下來，我必須為 Linux 格式化驅動器，創建mount點，然后通過在/etc/fstab中添加一個條目來確保它會在 Ubuntu 啟動時自動掛載。

我選擇的掛載點是/srv/ssda ，要在 samba 和 webDAV 之間共享的文件夾是public文件夾，因此共享區域的路徑是/srv/ssda/public 。 我還決定在 samba 共享Ssda和 webDAV 路徑ssdadav ssda

我選擇/srv作為根目錄而不是/mnt ，因為我已經在/srv中使用文件夾作為 samba 共享。

接下來，我修改了 samba 配置文件/etc/samba/smb.conf以在我之前創建並重新啟動 samba 的現有 samba 文件共享下添加新文件夾共享的定義。

[Ssda]
path = /srv/ssda/public
browsable =yes
writable = yes
guest ok = yes
read only = no
create mask = 644

接下來，我修改了 Apache2 配置文件/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf並在現有 webDAV 條目下添加了帶有Alias和Directory指令的附加 webDAV 條目，使用的路徑與我用於 samba 共享的路徑相同。 我重新啟動了 Apache。

    Alias /ssdadav /srv/ssda/public

    <Directory /srv/ssda/public>
        DAV On
    </Directory>

此時，我可以坐在 Windows 10 PC 和Map network drive...到新的 SSD 並在那里創建一個簡單的文本文件。 Then open up a browser to the Apache server on the Ubuntu PC using a URL of http://192.168.0.4/ssdadav/ and see the text file in the file list and open it in the browser.