[英]How to raise a ConstraintValidationException in a test case for bean properties with validation annotations?
我正在嘗試測試我的 bean 是否具有正確的驗證注釋。 我正在使用 spring-boot。 這是一個示例測試用例:
package com.example.sandbox;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
@SpringBootTest
class ValidationTest {
@Test
void testConstructor() {
TestedBean bean = new TestedBean(null);
assertThatThrownBy(() -> checkIfValidated(bean)).isInstanceOf(ConstraintViolationException.class);
}
@Test
void testSetter() {
TestedBean bean = new TestedBean(null);
assertThatThrownBy(() -> bean.setSomeProperty(null)).isInstanceOf(ConstraintViolationException.class);
}
private void checkIfValidated(@Valid TestedBean bean) {
}
@Validated
class TestedBean {
@NotNull
private String someProperty;
public TestedBean(String someProperty) {
super();
this.someProperty = someProperty;
}
public String getSomeProperty() {
return someProperty;
}
public void setSomeProperty(@NotNull String someProperty) {
this.someProperty = someProperty;
}
}
}
我希望調用checkIfvalidated()
和setSomeProperty(null)
來引發ConstraintViolationException
,並且測試能夠通過,但它們都失敗了:
java.lang.AssertionError:
Expecting code to raise a throwable.
at com.example.sandbox.ValidationTest.test(ValidationTest.java:20)
...
我的 pom.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.4.0</version>
<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>com.example.springbootsandbox</artifactId>
<version>0.0</version>
<name>SpringBootSandbox</name>
<description>Sandbox for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>11</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
<artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
<artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>6.1.5.Final</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
為什么這里沒有引發ConstraintViolationException
? bean 屬性有一個@NotNull
注釋,bean 本身是@Validated
並且方法簽名需要一個@Valid
bean。
有沒有一種簡單的方法可以在我的測試 class 的上下文中引發該異常?
當我在服務接口的方法簽名上使用驗證注釋時,一切都按預期工作。 我不明白區別在哪里。
服務接口:
package com.example.sandbox;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
@Validated
public interface IService {
public void setValue(@NotNull String value);
}
服務實現:
package com.example.sandbox;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class SomeService implements IService {
@Override
public void setValue(String value) {
// Do nothing
}
}
測試用例:
package com.example.sandbox;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
@SpringBootTest
class SomeServiceTests {
@Autowired
IService service;
@Test
void testSetValue() {
assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.setValue(null)).isInstanceOf(ConstraintViolationException.class);
}
}
==> 測試通過。
根據給定答案的工作代碼:
測試 class:
@SpringBootTest
class ValidationTest {
@Autowired
private Validator validator; // Using the default validator to test property annotations
@Autowired
private TestedBeanService service; // Using a service to test method annotations
@Test
void testPropertyAnnotations() {
TestedBean bean = new TestedBean(null);
Set<ConstraintViolation<TestedBean>> violations = validator.validate(bean);
assertThat(violations).isNotEmpty();
}
@Test
void testMethodAnnotations() {
TestedBean bean = new TestedBean(null);
assertThatThrownBy(() -> service.setBeanProperty(bean, null)).isInstanceOf(ConstraintViolationException.class);
}
}
被測試的bean:
@Validated
class TestedBean {
@NotNull
private String someProperty;
public TestedBean(String someProperty) {
super();
this.someProperty = someProperty;
}
public String getSomeProperty() {
return someProperty;
}
public void setSomeProperty(String someProperty) { // No more annotation on setter
this.someProperty = someProperty;
}
}
服務接口:
@Validated
public interface TestedBeanService {
// method annotation on the interface method
void setBeanProperty(TestedBean bean, @NotNull String someProperty);
}
服務實現:
@Service
public class TestedBeanServiceImpl implements TestedBeanService {
@Override
public void setBeanProperty(TestedBean bean, String someProperty) {
bean.setSomeProperty(someProperty);
}
}
為什么這里沒有引發
ConstraintViolationException
? bean 屬性有一個@NotNull
注釋,bean 本身是@Validated
並且方法簽名需要一個@Valid
bean。
注釋本身沒有任何意義,它們應該以某種方式處理。 在這種情況下,@Validated 注釋由@Validated
為其 beans處理。 該測試不是 Spring bean,因此框架不查看與驗證相關的注釋,因此也不例外。
即使測試是 Spring Bean,該方法也可能無法開箱即用。 有關詳細信息,請參閱此問題。
有沒有一種簡單的方法可以在我的測試 class 的上下文中引發該異常?
看看這個問題
當我在服務接口的方法簽名上使用驗證注釋時,一切都按預期工作。 我不明白區別在哪里。
發生這種情況是因為service
是 Spring bean,但測試不是。 當service
上的方法被調用時,它會被MethodValidationInterceptor
攔截,這不是測試的情況
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