請求 Python 中的 url 超出了最大重試次數

Question

我嘗試向這個 URL 發送請求： 站點 URL

並使用以下代碼進行簡單的頁面閱讀：

import requests
url_1 = 'http://www.dsit.org.ir/?cmd=page&Cid=92&title=Kontakt&lang=fa'
print(requests.get(url_1).text)

但我得到這個錯誤：

requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='www.srgfesrsergserg.com', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x0000008EC69AAA90>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed'))

這個網站非常基礎，沒有特別的安全措施。 另外，我只請求過一次

一切都很好，我很容易用Request-html打開這個頁面，但我不知道這里有什么問題！

Answer 1

添加標題。

偽裝瀏覽器。

import requests

headers = {
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.111 Safari/537.36'}

url_1 = 'http://www.dsit.org.ir/?cmd=page&Cid=92&title=Kontakt&lang=fa'

print(requests.get(url=url_1, headers=headers).text)

Answer 2

當您向https://www.dsit.org.ir的公共 IP 地址發送過多請求時，會發生這種情況。 如您所見，由於某些原因不允許/阻止訪問與https://www.dsit.org.ir的公共 IP 地址映射。 一種更好的解決方案是以下 python 腳本，它計算任何域的公共 IP 地址並創建該映射到 /etc/hosts 文件。

import re
import socket
import subprocess
from typing import Tuple

ENDPOINT = 'https://anydomainname.example.com/'
ENDPOINT = 'https://www.dsit.org.ir/'

def get_public_ip() -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
    """
    Command to get public_ip address of host machine and endpoint domain
    Returns
    -------
    my_public_ip : str
        Ip address string of host machine.
    end_point_ip_address : str
        Ip address of endpoint domain host.
    end_point_domain : str
        domain name of endpoint.

    """
    # bash_command = """host myip.opendns.com resolver1.opendns.com | \
    #     grep "myip.opendns.com has" | awk '{print $4}'"""
    # bash_command = """curl ifconfig.co"""
    # bash_command = """curl ifconfig.me"""
    bash_command = """ curl icanhazip.com"""
    my_public_ip = subprocess.getoutput(bash_command)
    my_public_ip = re.compile("[0-9.]{4,}").findall(my_public_ip)[0]
    end_point_domain = (
        ENDPOINT.replace("https://", "")
        .replace("http://", "")
        .replace("/", "")
    )
    end_point_ip_address = socket.gethostbyname(end_point_domain)
    return my_public_ip, end_point_ip_address, end_point_domain


def set_etc_host(ip_address: str, domain: str) -> str:
    """
    A function to write mapping of ip_address and domain name in /etc/hosts.
    Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38302867/how-to-update-etc-hosts-file-in-docker-image-during-docker-build

    Parameters
    ----------
    ip_address : str
        IP address of the domain.
    domain : str
        domain name of endpoint.

    Returns
    -------
    str
        Message to identify success or failure of the operation.

    """
    bash_command = """echo "{}    {}" >> /etc/hosts""".format(ip_address, domain)
    output = subprocess.getoutput(bash_command)
    return output


if __name__ == "__main__":
    my_public_ip, end_point_ip_address, end_point_domain = get_public_ip()
    output = set_etc_host(ip_address=end_point_ip_address, domain=end_point_domain)
    print("My public IP address:", my_public_ip)
    print("ENDPOINT public IP address:", end_point_ip_address)
    print("ENDPOINT Domain Name:", end_point_domain )
    print("Command output:", output)

您可以在運行所需的 function 之前調用上述腳本 :)