減少代碼行數（tkinter，Python，多標簽，入口）

Question

說明：單擊提交按鈕后，條目應出現在樹中。

我限制了條目字段，因此它們只能取兩個值（使用跟蹤方法）。

問題1：我一共有8個entry，也就是說代碼有8個StringVar，8個entry，8個label，1個button，一共17個grid。 請幫我減少代碼。

問題 2：我需要一個列表中的條目，我可以在全球范圍內使用。

from tkinter import Tk, Frame, Button, Label, Entry, ttk, StringVar, Scrollbar
import datetime

# Main Window
class WINDOW(Tk):
    def __init__(self, master):
        Tk.__init__(self, master)
        self.master = master

        frame1 = Frame1(self)
        frame1.grid(row=0,column=0)
        list_of_entries=[]

class Frame1(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master):
        Frame.__init__(self, master,height=master.winfo_screenheight(),
                       width=master.winfo_screenwidth())
        self.master = master


        one_var = StringVar()
        two_var = StringVar()
        three_var = StringVar()
        four_var = StringVar()
        five_var = StringVar()

        # Restrict entry field for 2 values only (using trace)
        one_var.trace("w", lambda name, index, mode, one_var=one_var: callback())
        two_var.trace("w", lambda name, index, mode, two_var=one_var: callback())
        three_var.trace("w", lambda name, index, mode, three_var=one_var: callback())
        four_var.trace("w", lambda name, index, mode, four_var=one_var: callback())
        five_var.trace("w", lambda name, index, mode, five_var=one_var: callback())

        def callback(*args):
            one_var.set(one_var.get()[:2])
            two_var.set(two_var.get()[:2])
            three_var.set(three_var.get()[:2])
            four_var.set(four_var.get()[:2])
            five_var.set(five_var.get()[:2])


        # Request frame labels

        DATA0_lbl = Label(self, text='DATA0', font=('calibre', 10, 'bold'))
        DATA1_lbl = Label(self, text='DATA1', font=('calibre', 10, 'bold'))
        DATA2_lbl = Label(self, text='DATA2', font=('calibre', 10, 'bold'))
        DATA3_lbl = Label(self, text='DATA3', font=('calibre', 10, 'bold'))
        DATA4_lbl = Label(self, text='DATA4', font=('calibre', 10, 'bold'))

        # Request frame label grid
        DATA0_lbl.grid(row=0, column=0)
        DATA1_lbl.grid(row=0, column=1)
        DATA2_lbl.grid(row=0, column=2)
        DATA3_lbl.grid(row=0, column=3)
        DATA4_lbl.grid(row=0, column=4)

        # Request frame entry fields
        DATA0_entry = Entry(self,textvariable=one_var, width=10, font=('calibre', 10, 'normal'))
        DATA1_entry = Entry(self,textvariable=two_var,  width=10, font=('calibre', 10, 'normal'))
        DATA2_entry = Entry(self, textvariable=three_var, width=10, font=('calibre', 10, 'normal'))
        DATA3_entry = Entry(self,textvariable=four_var,  width=10, font=('calibre', 10, 'normal'))
        DATA4_entry = Entry(self, textvariable=five_var, width=10, font=('calibre', 10, 'normal'))

        # Request frame entry field grid
        DATA0_entry.grid(row=1, column=0)
        DATA1_entry.grid(row=1, column=1)
        DATA2_entry.grid(row=1, column=2)
        DATA3_entry.grid(row=1, column=3)
        DATA4_entry.grid(row=1, column=4)



        # Log data sheet
        NewTree = ttk.Treeview(self, height=23, columns=("DATA0","DATA1", "DATA2", "DATA3","DATA4"))

        NewTree.column("#0", width=180)
        NewTree.column("#1", width=150)
        NewTree.column("#2", width=150)
        NewTree.column("#3", width=150)
        NewTree.column("#4", width=150)
        NewTree.column("#5", width=150)

        NewTree.heading("#0",text='TIME')
        NewTree.heading("#1",text='DATA0')
        NewTree.heading("#2",text='DATA1')
        NewTree.heading("#3",text='DATA2')
        NewTree.heading("#4",text="DATA3")
        NewTree.heading("#5", text="DATA4")

        NewTree.grid(row=5, columnspan=4)

        def insert_data():
            NewTree.insert('', 'end', text=datetime.datetime.now(),
                                 values=(DATA0_entry.get(),
                                         DATA1_entry.get(),
                                         DATA2_entry.get(),
                                         DATA3_entry.get(),
                                         DATA4_entry.get()))
            one_var.set("")
            two_var.set("")
            three_var.set("")
            four_var.set("")
            five_var.set("")

        submit_button = Button(self, text="SUBMIT", command=insert_data)
        submit_button.grid(row=3, column=4)


root = WINDOW(None)
root.geometry(f'{root.winfo_screenwidth()}x{root.winfo_screenheight()}')
root.title("ADD DATA")


root.mainloop()

Answer 1

您可以使用循環來創建條目和標簽。 通過使用入口小部件的驗證功能而不是跟蹤，您可以完全拋棄跟蹤語句和StringVar的實例。

總之，這將最終將代碼減少大約 50 行左右。

有關條目驗證的詳細說明，請參閱tkinter 中的交互式驗證條目小部件內容

這是一個完整的例子：

from tkinter import Tk, Frame, Button, Label, Entry, ttk, StringVar, Scrollbar
import datetime

# Main Window
class WINDOW(Tk):
    def __init__(self, master):
        Tk.__init__(self, master)
        self.master = master

        frame1 = Frame1(self)
        frame1.grid(row=0,column=0)
        list_of_entries=[]

class Frame1(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master):
        Frame.__init__(self, master,height=master.winfo_screenheight(),
                       width=master.winfo_screenwidth())
        self.master = master

        vcmd = (self.register(self.validate), '%P')
        self.entries = []
        for i in range(5):
            label = Label(self, text=f"DATA{i}", font=('calibre', 10, 'bold'))
            entry = Entry(self, validatecommand=vcmd, validate='key', width=10, font=('calibre', 10, 'normal'))
            label.grid(row=0, column=i)
            entry.grid(row=1, column=i)
            self.entries.append(entry)

        # Log data sheet
        NewTree = ttk.Treeview(self, height=23, columns=("DATA0","DATA1", "DATA2", "DATA3","DATA4"))

        NewTree.column("#0", width=180)
        NewTree.column("#1", width=150)
        NewTree.column("#2", width=150)
        NewTree.column("#3", width=150)
        NewTree.column("#4", width=150)
        NewTree.column("#5", width=150)

        NewTree.heading("#0",text='TIME')
        NewTree.heading("#1",text='DATA0')
        NewTree.heading("#2",text='DATA1')
        NewTree.heading("#3",text='DATA2')
        NewTree.heading("#4",text="DATA3")
        NewTree.heading("#5", text="DATA4")

        NewTree.grid(row=5, columnspan=4)

        def insert_data():
            NewTree.insert('', 'end', text=datetime.datetime.now(),
                                 values=(self.entries[0].get(),
                                         self.entries[1].get(),
                                         self.entries[2].get(),
                                         self.entries[3].get(),
                                         self.entries[4].get()))
            for i in range(5):
                self.entries[i].delete(0, 'end')

        submit_button = Button(self, text="SUBMIT", command=insert_data)
        submit_button.grid(row=3, column=4)

    def validate(self, new_value):
        return len(new_value) <= 2


root = WINDOW(None)
root.geometry(f'{root.winfo_screenwidth()}x{root.winfo_screenheight()}')
root.title("ADD DATA")


root.mainloop()

Answer 2

首先，您可以只使用for循環來完全減少代碼，您可以放棄使用StringVar而是使用tkinter進行驗證，看看這里：

from tkinter import Tk, Frame, Button, Label, Entry, ttk, StringVar, Scrollbar
import datetime

# Main Window
class WINDOW(Tk):
    def __init__(self, master):
        Tk.__init__(self, master)
        self.master = master

        frame1 = Frame1(self)
        frame1.grid(row=0,column=0)
        list_of_entries=[]

class Frame1(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master):
        Frame.__init__(self, master,height=master.winfo_screenheight(),
                       width=master.winfo_screenwidth())
        self.master = master 
        vcmd = self.register(self.validate) # Register the validation function
        
        NewTree = ttk.Treeview(self, height=23, columns=("DATA0","DATA1", "DATA2", "DATA3","DATA4"))
        NewTree.grid(row=5, columnspan=4)
        
        NewTree.column("#0", width=180) # These column would stand out of the loop
        NewTree.heading("#0",text='TIME') # So manually inserting them

        MAX_WIDGETS = 5
        base_text = 'DATA' # Base text, so later you can add 1 to make it DATA1 and so on..
        lbls = [] # Empty list for label to append to later, not necessary if you dont need to change or reuse them later
        self.entries = []
        for i in range(MAX_WIDGETS):
            NewTree.column(f"#{str(i+1)}", width=150) # i+1 because you have an extra column already
            NewTree.heading(f"#{str(i+1)}",text=base_text+str(i))
            
            lbls.append(Label(self, text=base_text+str(i), font=('calibre', 10, 'bold')))
            lbls[i].grid(row=0, column=i)

            self.entries.append(Entry(self, width=10, font=('calibre', 10, 'normal'),validate='key',validatecommand=(vcmd,'%P')))
            self.entries[i].grid(row=1, column=i)

        submit_button = Button(self, text="SUBMIT", command=lambda: self.insert_data(NewTree))
        submit_button.grid(row=3, column=4)

    def insert_data(self,tree):
        data = [x.get() for x in self.entries]
        tree.insert('', 'end', text=datetime.datetime.now(),
                                values=data)
        [x.delete(0,'end') for x in self.entries] # Just to delete the items, list is otherwise of no use.

    def validate(self,inp): # The validation function
        return len(inp) <= 2

root = WINDOW(None)

root.geometry(f'{root.winfo_screenwidth()}x{root.winfo_screenheight()}')
root.title("ADD DATA")

root.mainloop()

我通過使用for盡可能縮短了代碼。 有時不可能將內容保持在循環范圍內，例如你額外的TIME列，所以我把它放在循環之外。 並且由於您使用的是類，因此可以最大限度地利用它，而不是定義函數，定義方法等等。 你以前的版本大約是 120 行，現在減少到大約 60 行。

您還可以進一步使用更多的 LC（列表理解），但我認為它可能會降低代碼的可讀性，因為它是編寫代碼時要記住的一個重要因素。

您可以擺脫將標簽附加到列表中，如果您不打算重復使用它們，它將節省 1 額外的行；）

要更好地理解驗證，請查看： Interactively validate Entry widget content in tkinter