使用 PowerShell 為 Packer 編輯 JSON

Question

我需要一些幫助或建議。

我正在嘗試構建一個 PowerShell 腳本來更新具有一些 JSON 值的模板打包程序文件，但我失敗了。

希望有人可以建議？

中間部分是模板 JSON，我試圖在其中插入 object。 它應該在“builders”數組中（？），但它最終被添加在“builders”之后......

如果需要，我會發布

最初在模板中的構建器.json：

"builders": [
    {
        "type": "vsphere-iso",
        "vcenter_server": "{{user `vsphere-server`}}",
        "insecure_connection": "true",
        "username": "{{user `vsphere-user`}}",
        "password": "{{user `vsphere-password`}}",
        "cluster": "{{user `vsphere-cluster`}}",
        "datacenter": "{{user `vsphere-datacenter`}}",
        "folder": "{{user `vsphere-folder`}}",
        "communicator": "winrm",
        "winrm_username": "Administrator",
        "winrm_password": "{{user `winadmin-password`}}",
        "convert_to_template": "true",
        "CPUs": "{{user `vm-cpu-num`}}",
        "RAM": "{{user `vm-mem-size`}}",
        "network": "{{user `vm-network`}}",
        "network_card": "vmxnet3",
        "datastore": "{{user `vsphere-datastore`}}",
        "disk_controller_type": "pvscsi",
        "guest_os_type": "windows9Server64Guest",
        "disk_thin_provisioned": true,
        "disk_size": "{{user `vm-disk-size`}}",
        "floppy_img_path": "[BN001-Local-DataStore01] contentlib-a036a42c-4504-44db-9d1a-3e9550954bf7/2b074347-88e4-408e-b228-d890308fa96d/pvscsi_88204189-95a8-4dbc-8fdb-8b4249c07c6f.flp",
        "floppy_files": [
            "../tmp/"
        ]
    }
]

PS代碼編輯這個：

    $JSON = Get-Content -Path "$CurrentPath\template.json" -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json

$jsonContent = [PSCustomObject]@{
    'vm_name'   = $buildName
    'iso_paths' = @($vm_tools_iso , $os_iso) 
}

$JSON.builders += $jsonContent
$JSON | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 4 | Out-File $buildFile -Encoding Ascii -Force

預期結果

  "builders": [
{
  "type": "vsphere-iso",
  "vcenter_server": "{{user `vsphere-server`}}",
  "insecure_connection": "true",
  "username": "{{user `vsphere-user`}}",
  "password": "{{user `vsphere-password`}}",
  "cluster": "{{user `vsphere-cluster`}}",
  "datacenter": "{{user `vsphere-datacenter`}}",
  "folder": "{{user `vsphere-folder`}}",
  "communicator": "winrm",
  "winrm_username": "Administrator",
  "winrm_password": "{{user `winadmin-password`}}",
  "convert_to_template": "true",
  "CPUs": "{{user `vm-cpu-num`}}",
  "RAM": "{{user `vm-mem-size`}}",
  "network": "{{user `vm-network`}}",
  "network_card": "vmxnet3",
  "datastore": "{{user `vsphere-datastore`}}",
  "disk_controller_type": "pvscsi",
  "guest_os_type": "windows9Server64Guest",
  "disk_thin_provisioned": true,
  "disk_size": "{{user `vm-disk-size`}}",
  "floppy_img_path": "[BN001-Local-DataStore01] contentlib-a036a42c-4504-44db-9d1a-3e9550954bf7/2b074347-88e4-408e-b228-d890308fa96d/pvscsi_88204189-95a8-4dbc-8fdb-8b4249c07c6f.flp",
  "floppy_files": [
    "../tmp/"
  ],
  "vm_name": "server_2019_core",
  "iso_paths": [
    "[BN001-Local-DataStore01] contentlib-a036a42c-4504-44db-9d1a-3e9550954bf7/5bd0d88d-9817-4c54-ae04-95be5e9212b9/VMware-Tools-Windows-11_0_1-14773994_a816dc3a-6df1-42ff-9332-e7fcd8829d88.iso",
    "[BN001-Local-DataStore01] contentlib-a036a42c-4504-44db-9d1a-3e9550954bf7/2baac3c5-97b0-439c-aece-3b053e82b149/SW_DVD9_Win_Server_STD_CORE_2019_1809.11_64Bit_English_DC_STD_MLF_X22-51041_6afb1d25-5be2-4774-b071-77c349beb238.ISO"
  ]
}
]

實際結果

"builders": [
{
  "type": "vsphere-iso",
  "vcenter_server": "{{user `vsphere-server`}}",
  "insecure_connection": "true",
  "username": "{{user `vsphere-user`}}",
  "password": "{{user `vsphere-password`}}",
  "cluster": "{{user `vsphere-cluster`}}",
  "datacenter": "{{user `vsphere-datacenter`}}",
  "folder": "{{user `vsphere-folder`}}",
  "communicator": "winrm",
  "winrm_username": "Administrator",
  "winrm_password": "{{user `winadmin-password`}}",
  "convert_to_template": "true",
  "CPUs": "{{user `vm-cpu-num`}}",
  "RAM": "{{user `vm-mem-size`}}",
  "network": "{{user `vm-network`}}",
  "network_card": "vmxnet3",
  "datastore": "{{user `vsphere-datastore`}}",
  "disk_controller_type": "pvscsi",
  "guest_os_type": "windows9Server64Guest",
  "disk_thin_provisioned": true,
  "disk_size": "{{user `vm-disk-size`}}",
  "floppy_img_path": "[BN001-Local-DataStore01] contentlib-a036a42c-4504-44db-9d1a-3e9550954bf7/2b074347-88e4-408e-b228-d890308fa96d/pvscsi_88204189-95a8-4dbc-8fdb-8b4249c07c6f.flp",
  "floppy_files": [
    "../tmp/"
  ]
},
{
  "vm_name": "server_2019_core",
  "iso_paths": [
    "[BN001-Local-DataStore01] contentlib-a036a42c-4504-44db-9d1a-3e9550954bf7/5bd0d88d-9817-4c54-ae04-95be5e9212b9/VMware-Tools-Windows-11_0_1-14773994_a816dc3a-6df1-42ff-9332-e7fcd8829d88.iso",
    "[BN001-Local-DataStore01] contentlib-a036a42c-4504-44db-9d1a-3e9550954bf7/2baac3c5-97b0-439c-aece-3b053e82b149/SW_DVD9_Win_Server_STD_CORE_2019_1809.11_64Bit_English_DC_STD_MLF_X22-51041_6afb1d25-5be2-4774-b071-77c349beb238.ISO"
  ]
}
]

Answer 1

從PowerShell 版本 6.0開始，使用ConvertFrom-Json開關-AsHashTable使任務變得稍微容易一些。 向下滾動以獲取 PS 5 解決方案。

這將輸出一個hashtable而不是默認的PSCustomObject 。 哈希表的一個優點是可以直接修改它，只使用基本的 PowerShell 語法。

# Read the JSON file into a hashtable variable
$JSON = Get-Content -Path "$CurrentPath\template.json" -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json -AsHashTable

# Assign new properties to the first element of array <builders>
$JSON.builders[0].vm_name   = $buildName
$JSON.builders[0].iso_paths = $vm_tools_iso, $os_iso

# Write the JSON to a file
$JSON | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 4 | Out-File $buildFile -Encoding Ascii -Force

ConvertTo-Json知道如何處理哈希表，因此不需要特殊的開關。

請注意，新屬性可能出現在序列化 JSON object 內的任何 position 中，因為哈希表沒有定義的順序。 但這不是問題，因為 JSON object 中的屬性順序不相關。

---

PS 5的替代解決方案，使用Add-Member ：

# Read the JSON file into a PSCustomObject
$JSON = Get-Content -Path "$CurrentPath\template.json" -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json

# Assign new properties to the first element of array <builders>
$JSON.builders[0] | Add-Member @{ 
    vm_name = $buildName
    iso_paths = $vm_tools_iso, $os_iso 
}

# Write the JSON to a file
$JSON | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 4 | Out-File $buildFile -Encoding Ascii -Force

在剛剛了解了Add-Member <Hashtable>語法（它是Add-Member -NotePropertyMembers <Hashtable>的縮寫形式）之后，我認為與 PS 6+ 解決方案相比，PS 5 變體並沒有那么糟糕。