由於缺少 zlib 庫，Cabal 安裝 (Cabal cabal-install) 失敗

Question

我想在 Ubuntu 20.04 上安裝 Cabal 3.4.0.0。

$ sudo apt install cabal-install
$ cabal --version
cabal-install version 2.4.0.0

$ sudo cabal update
$ sudo cabal install Cabal cabal-install
...
Starting     zlib-0.6.2.3
Failed to install zlib-0.6.2.3
Build log ( /root/.cabal/logs/ghc-8.6.5/zlib-0.6.2.3-93Wbo8gIIzI9bg4p2MsNUF.log ):
cabal: Entering directory '/tmp/cabal-tmp-126381/zlib-0.6.2.3'
Configuring zlib-0.6.2.3...
cabal: Missing dependency on a foreign library:
* Missing (or bad) header file: zlib.h
* Missing (or bad) C library: z
This problem can usually be solved by installing the system package that
provides this library (you may need the "-dev" version). If the library is
already installed but in a non-standard location then you can use the flags
--extra-include-dirs= and --extra-lib-dirs= to specify where it is.If the
library file does exist, it may contain errors that are caught by the C
compiler at the preprocessing stage. In this case you can re-run configure
with the verbosity flag -v3 to see the error messages.
If the header file does exist, it may contain errors that are caught by the C
compiler at the preprocessing stage. In this case you can re-run configure
with the verbosity flag -v3 to see the error messages.
...
cabal: Error: some packages failed to install:
cabal-install-3.4.0.0-3glzV3hM64DLoOfz3dHKsn depends on cabal-install-3.4.0.0
which failed to install.
hackage-security-0.6.0.1-KiAyVYLxooJAP3ckeQHnBD depends on
hackage-security-0.6.0.1 which failed to install.
zlib-0.6.2.3-93Wbo8gIIzI9bg4p2MsNUF failed during the configure step. The
exception was:
ExitFailure 1

錯誤說：

這個問題通常可以通過安裝提供此庫的系統 package 來解決（您可能需要“-dev”版本）。

如何在 Ubuntu 20.04 上安裝此 package？

Answer 1

您的目標是安裝cabal-install package 。 這個 package 有一個依賴，這里會產生一個問題： zlib package 。

這個zlib package 本質上是zlib C 庫 [wikipedia]的薄包裝。 然而，正如錯誤所說，您沒有安裝zlib庫，或者至少沒有安裝它的 package 可以使用zlib庫進行開發。

我們可以通過安裝libghc-zlib-dev軟件 package來安裝它，例如：

sudo apt-get install libghc-zlib-dev

If we inspect the package details on Debian , we see that essentially this is a package that will install the zlib1g-dev package, the package to develop software with the zlib library. 因此，我們可以決定安裝libghc-zlib-dev或zlib1g-dev ：

sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev

Answer 2

Nixos 用戶 append pkgs.haskellPackages.zlib到environment.systemPackages