如何為具有相同內容的多個片段創建片段模板（具有變量和方法的類、布局）？

Question

在主屏幕上，我有 7 個按鈕（天）和一個片段。 對於一周中的每一天，我都想生成一個帶有一些 EditTexts 和一個 ListView 的片段，但是創建 7 個具有相同布局和幾乎相同 class 內容的片段似乎太重復了。 我只在星期一和星期二這樣做。

MondayFragment 和 TuesdayFragment 之間的唯一區別是，在 TuesdayFragment 中，我將變量 mondayTV 重命名為 tuesdayTV，在布局中，我更改了提交按鈕和 ListView 的 id。 Bundle 的鍵也不同。 我認為不值得發布它，因為它與 MondayFragment 非常相似。

我想知道是否可以創建一個片段模板並使用它為給定我編寫的這段代碼的活動的每個按鈕生成一個片段。 在功能方面還有很多工作要做，但我無法擺脫這個想法。

MainActivity.java

package com.example.dietmanagement;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    public Button monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday, saturday, sunday;

    final MondayFragment mondayFragment = new MondayFragment();
    final TuesdayFragment tuesdayFragment = new TuesdayFragment();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        /*Intent i = getIntent();
        String current_user = i.getStringExtra("current_user");
        TextView current_user_txtview = findViewById(R.id.current_user);
        current_user_txtview.setText("Welcome, " + current_user);*/

        monday = (Button)findViewById(R.id.monday_btn);
        tuesday = (Button)findViewById(R.id.tuesday_btn);
        wednesday = (Button)findViewById(R.id.wednesday_btn);
        thursday = (Button)findViewById(R.id.thursday_btn);
        friday = (Button)findViewById(R.id.friday_btn);
        saturday = (Button)findViewById(R.id.saturday_btn);
        sunday = (Button)findViewById(R.id.sunday_btn);

        monday.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                openFragment(mondayFragment);
                getDay(mondayFragment, "monday", (String) monday.getContentDescription());
            }
        });


        tuesday.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                openFragment(tuesdayFragment);
                getDay(tuesdayFragment, "tuesday", (String) tuesday.getContentDescription());
            }
        });

    }

    private void openFragment(final Fragment fragment){
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        transaction.replace(R.id.daysfragment, fragment);
        transaction.addToBackStack(null);
        transaction.commit();
    }

    public void getDay(final Fragment fragment, String key, String value)
    {
        Bundle bnd = new Bundle();
        bnd.putString(key, value);
        fragment.setArguments(bnd);
    }

}

Activity_main.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/background_green"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/tuesday_btn"
        android:layout_width="70dp"
        android:layout_height="70dp"
        android:background="@drawable/button_states"
        android:contentDescription="@string/tuesday_context"
        android:text="@string/tuesday"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.194"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/monday_btn"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/main_title"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.017" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/main_title"
        android:layout_width="147dp"
        android:layout_height="93dp"
        android:fontFamily="sans-serif-medium"
        android:text="@string/welcome_label"
        android:textColor="#FFFFFF"
        android:textSize="70sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.414"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.049" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/monday_btn"
        android:layout_width="70dp"
        android:layout_height="70dp"
        android:background="@drawable/button_states"
        android:contentDescription="@string/monday_context"
        android:text="@string/monday"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.16"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/main_title"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.017" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/thursday_btn"
        android:layout_width="70dp"
        android:layout_height="70dp"
        android:background="@drawable/button_states"
        android:text="@string/thursday"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.018"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/main_title"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.172" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/sunday_btn"
        android:layout_width="70dp"
        android:layout_height="70dp"
        android:background="@drawable/button_states"
        android:text="@string/sunday"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:textSize="28sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.786"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/saturday_btn"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/main_title"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.172" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/saturday_btn"
        android:layout_width="70dp"
        android:layout_height="70dp"
        android:background="@drawable/button_states"
        android:text="@string/saturday"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:textSize="28sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.225"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/friday_btn"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/main_title"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.172" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/friday_btn"
        android:layout_width="70dp"
        android:layout_height="70dp"
        android:background="@drawable/button_states"
        android:text="@string/friday"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.137"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/thursday_btn"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/main_title"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.172" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/wednesday_btn"
        android:layout_width="70dp"
        android:layout_height="70dp"
        android:background="@drawable/button_states"
        android:text="@string/wednesday"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.369"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/tuesday_btn"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/main_title"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.017" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/logo"
        android:layout_width="52dp"
        android:layout_height="58dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="52dp"
        android:contentDescription="@string/app_name"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/main_title"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_logo" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/current_user"
        android:layout_width="362dp"
        android:layout_height="27dp"
        android:text="@string/current_user"
        android:textAlignment="viewEnd"
        android:textSize="18sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/main_title"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.938"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.318" />

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/daysfragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="460dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />


</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

MondayFragment.java

    package com.example.dietmanagement;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;


public class MondayFragment extends Fragment {

    public TextView mondayTV;
    public ArrayList<String> hour_food;
    public ArrayAdapter<String> listViewAdapter;
    public ListView listView;
    public EditText input_meal;
    public EditText input_time;
    public Button submit;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_monday, container, false);

        mondayTV = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.day);
        Bundle bndMon = getArguments();
        String day = bndMon.getString("monday");
        mondayTV.setText(day);

        hour_food = new ArrayList<String>();
        listViewAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(), android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, hour_food);
        listView = (ListView)v.findViewById(R.id.monday_list_item);

        listView.setAdapter(listViewAdapter);

        listView.setOnItemLongClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemLongClickListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onItemLongClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                hour_food.remove(position);
                Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Meal Removed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                listViewAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                return true;
            }
        });

        input_meal = v.findViewById(R.id.input_meal);
        input_time = v.findViewById(R.id.input_time);

        submit = (Button) v.findViewById(R.id.submit_food_btn);
        submit.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if(TextUtils.isEmpty(input_time.getText())) {
                    Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Empty time input", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                } else if(TextUtils.isEmpty(input_meal.getText())){
                    Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Empty meal input", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                else
                {
                    hour_food.add(String.format("%s - %s", input_meal.getText().toString(), input_time.getText().toString()));
                    listViewAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                    input_meal.setText("");
                    input_time.setText("");
                }
            }
        });

        return v;
    }
}

fragment_monday.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/background_green"
    tools:context=".MondayFragment">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/day"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="24dp"
        android:text="@string/day" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/input_time"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:autofillHints="@string/time"
            android:hint="@string/time"
            android:inputType="time" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/input_meal"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:autofillHints="@string/meal"
            android:hint="@string/meal"
            android:inputType="textAutoCorrect|textCapSentences" />

    </LinearLayout>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/submit_food_btn_monday"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/submit"
        android:background="@color/white"
        android:textColor="@color/background_green"
        android:layout_gravity="end"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>


    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/monday_list_item"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />
</LinearLayout>

字符串.xml

Answer 1

僅創建一天的DayFragment和布局。 傳遞Fragment的額外信息並使用該額外信息處理不同日期的情況（在您的情況下，看起來只有來自 bundle 的String不同）。

fragment_day.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/background_green">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/day"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="24dp"
        android:text="@string/day" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/input_time"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:autofillHints="@string/time"
            android:hint="@string/time"
            android:inputType="time" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/input_meal"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:autofillHints="@string/meal"
            android:hint="@string/meal"
            android:inputType="textAutoCorrect|textCapSentences" />

    </LinearLayout>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/submit_food_btn"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/submit"
        android:background="@color/white"
        android:textColor="@color/background_green"
        android:layout_gravity="end"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/list_item"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
</LinearLayout>

DayFragment.java

public class DayFragment extends Fragment {

    private TextView dayTV;
    private ArrayList<String> hour_food;
    private ArrayAdapter<String> listViewAdapter;
    private ListView listView;
    private EditText input_meal;
    private EditText input_time;
    private Button submit;
    private String text;

    public DayFragment(String text) {
        this.text = text;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_day, container, false);

        dayTV = v.findViewById(R.id.day);
        dayTV.setText(text);

        hour_food = new ArrayList<>();
        listViewAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(getActivity(), android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, hour_food);
        listView = v.findViewById(R.id.list_item);

        listView.setAdapter(listViewAdapter);

        listView.setOnItemLongClickListener((parent, view, position, id) -> {
            hour_food.remove(position);
            Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Meal Removed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            listViewAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
            return true;
        });

        input_meal = v.findViewById(R.id.input_meal);
        input_time = v.findViewById(R.id.input_time);

        submit = v.findViewById(R.id.submit_food_btn);
        submit.setOnClickListener(v1 -> {
            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(input_time.getText())) {
                Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Empty time input", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            } else if (TextUtils.isEmpty(input_meal.getText())) {
                Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Empty meal input", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            } else {
                hour_food.add(String.format("%s - %s", input_meal.getText().toString(), input_time.getText().toString()));
                listViewAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                input_meal.setText("");
                input_time.setText("");
            }
        });

        return v;
    }
}

使用構造函數傳遞信息。

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Button monday = findViewById(R.id.monday_btn),
                tuesday = findViewById(R.id.tuesday_btn),
                wednesday = findViewById(R.id.wednesday_btn),
                thursday = findViewById(R.id.thursday_btn),
                friday = findViewById(R.id.friday_btn),
                saturday = findViewById(R.id.saturday_btn),
                sunday = findViewById(R.id.sunday_btn);

        openFragment(monday);
        openFragment(tuesday);
        openFragment(wednesday);
        openFragment(thursday);
        openFragment(friday);
        openFragment(saturday);
        openFragment(sunday);
    }

    private void openFragment(Button btn) {
        btn.setOnClickListener(v -> {
            String contentDescription = btn.getContentDescription().toString();
            getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                    .replace(R.id.daysfragment, new DayFragment(contentDescription))
                    .addToBackStack(null)
                    .commit();
        });
    }
}

在MainActivity openFragment()方法采用Button參數並使用該Button並將 onClickListener 設置為該Button 。 當您單擊任何Button時，它會從該Button獲取內容描述並將其傳遞給Fragment並使用該內容描述打開該Fragment 。