如何使用 Tkinter 和 function 找到選擇了哪個復選按鈕？

Question

在這里，我試圖創建一個包含蘋果、石榴和香蕉這三種水果的列表，並要求用戶 select 是他們最喜歡的水果。 因此，我正在定義ZC1C425268E68385D1AB5074C17A94F14F14Z PRINT_CHOICE，每次選擇任何復選框時都稱為，並定義了在選擇復選框時將相應水果附加到數組的數組果實。 我在 function 中定義了數組，而不是全局聲明，因為不應將值添加兩次。 但是，我無法選擇在 label 框中打印，該框應該顯示用戶選擇的水果列表。 你能幫我找出我在哪里犯了錯誤，我怎樣才能顯示選擇的水果？

 import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *

parent = tk.Tk()
parent.title("My favorite fruits")
l= tk.Label(parent, background="yellow", text="empty", width="30")
l.pack()
w = tk.Label(parent , text ="Select your favorite fruits!", bg="pink", fg = "white")

txt = "you love "
def print_choice():
    fruits=list()
    global txt
    flag=0
    while flag==0:
         if checkvar1.get()==1 and checkvar2.get==0 and checkvar3.get()==0:
             fruits.append("Apple")
             flag=1
             break
         elif checkvar2.get()==1 and checkvar1.get()==0 and checkvar3.get()==0:
             fruits.append("Pomegranate")
             flag=1
             break
         elif checkvar3.get()==1 and checkvar1.get()==0 and checkvar2.get()==0:
             fruits.append("Banana")
             flag=1
             break
         elif checkvar3.get()==1 and checkvar1.get()==1 and checkvar2.get()==0:
             fruits.append("Banana")
             fruits.append("Apple")
             flag=1
             break
         elif checkvar3.get()==1 and checkvar1.get()==0 and checkvar2.get()==1:
             fruits.append("Banana")
             fruits.append("Pomegranate")
             flag=1
             break
         elif checkvar3.get()==0 and checkvar1.get()==1 and checkvar2.get()==1:
             fruits.append("Apple")
             fruits.append("Pomegranate")
             flag=1
             break
         elif checkvar3.get()==1 and checkvar1.get()==1 and checkvar2.get()==1:
             fruits.append("Banana")
             fruits.append("Apple")
             fruits.append("Pomegranate")
             flag=1
             break
         else :
             fruits.append(" ")

         for fruit in fruits:
             txt += fruit+" "
         l.config(text=txt)
    
   
    
    
    
    
    
checkvar1= tk.IntVar()
checkvar2 = tk.IntVar()
checkvar3 = tk.IntVar()


c1 = tk.Checkbutton(parent, text ="Apple", variable = checkvar1, onvalue=1, offvalue=0,height = 5, width =20, bg="pink", activebackground="yellow", activeforeground="orange", command=print_choice)
c1.pack()
c2 = tk.Checkbutton(parent, text ="Pomegranate", variable = checkvar2, onvalue=1, offvalue=0,height = 5, width =20, bg="pink", command=print_choice)
c2.pack()
c3 = tk.Checkbutton(parent, text ="Banana", variable = checkvar3, onvalue=1, offvalue=0,height = 5, width =20, bg="pink", command=print_choice)
c3.pack()





parent.mainloop()

這就是我作為 output 得到的：

每當我嘗試 select 復選框時，Python 停止響應。 我有可能在某處遇到無限循環嗎？

Answer 1

因此，這是您可能希望如何執行此操作的示例：

from tkinter import Tk, Checkbutton, IntVar


root = Tk()

selected = []


class Choice:
    def __init__(self, text):
        self.text = text
        self.state = IntVar()

        self.checkbutton = Checkbutton(root, text=self.text, command=self.check,
                                       variable=self.state, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
        self.checkbutton.pack()

    def check(self):
        state = self.state.get()
        if state == 1:
            selected.append(self.text)
        if state == 0:
            selected.remove(self.text)
        print(selected)


c1 = Choice('Apple')
c2 = Choice('Orange')
c3 = Choice('Pear')

root.mainloop()

在這種情況下，您可以根據需要添加任意數量的復選框，並且您在硬編碼代碼中唯一要做的就是像這樣啟動 Choice class var_name = Choice('checkbutton name')其中 var_name 是任何變量名您想要，並且檢查按鈕名稱是您想要的任何名稱（只是為了澄清）。

Answer 2

您不需要很多 if-else 語句就可以知道用戶喜歡哪種水果。

我將向您展示實現同一目標的另外兩種方法。

第一種方法是創建一個字典，其中水果名稱作為鍵，控制變量作為值。 現在遍歷檢查控制變量的值是否為 1 的項目。如果為 1，則 append 到水果列表。

第一種方式（使用字典）：

import tkinter as tk

parent = tk.Tk()
parent.title("My favorite fruits")
l= tk.Label(parent, background="yellow", text="empty", width="30")
l.pack()
w = tk.Label(parent , text ="Select your favorite fruits!", bg="pink", fg = "white")

txt = "you love "
def print_choice():
    global fruit_lst

    for fruit, checked in fruits_dict.items():

        if checked.get() and fruit not in fruit_lst:
            print(fruit)
            fruit_lst.append(fruit)

        if fruit in fruit_lst and not checked.get():
            fruit_lst.remove(fruit)
    
    l.config(text=txt+' ,'.join(fruit_lst))
    

checkvar1= tk.IntVar()
checkvar2 = tk.IntVar()
checkvar3 = tk.IntVar()

fruits_dict = {"Apple": checkvar1, "Pomegranate": checkvar2, "Banana": checkvar3}

fruit_lst = []

c1 = tk.Checkbutton(parent, text ="Apple", variable = checkvar1, onvalue=1, offvalue=0,height = 5, width =20, bg="pink", activebackground="yellow", activeforeground="orange", command=print_choice)
c1.pack()
c2 = tk.Checkbutton(parent, text ="Pomegranate", variable = checkvar2, onvalue=1, offvalue=0,height = 5, width =20, bg="pink", command=print_choice)
c2.pack()
c3 = tk.Checkbutton(parent, text ="Banana", variable = checkvar3, onvalue=1, offvalue=0,height = 5, width =20, bg="pink", command=print_choice)
c3.pack()


parent.mainloop()

您可以使用以下代碼避免字典和循環：

import tkinter as tk

parent = tk.Tk()
parent.title("My favorite fruits")
l= tk.Label(parent, background="yellow", text="empty", width="30")
l.pack()
w = tk.Label(parent , text ="Select your favorite fruits!", bg="pink", fg = "white")

txt = "you love "

def current(x, var):
    global fruit_lst

    if var.get():
        fruit_lst.append(x['text'])

    else:
        try:
            fruit_lst.remove(x['text'])
        except ValueError:
            pass
        
    print(fruit_lst)


checkvar1= tk.IntVar()
checkvar2 = tk.IntVar()
checkvar3 = tk.IntVar()


fruit_lst = []

c1 = tk.Checkbutton(parent, text ="Apple", variable = checkvar1, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
c1.config(command = lambda x=c1, var=checkvar1: current(x, var))
c1.pack()

c2 = tk.Checkbutton(parent, text ="Pomegranate", variable = checkvar2, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
c2.config(command = lambda x=c2, var=checkvar2: current(x, var))
c2.pack()

c3 = tk.Checkbutton(parent, text ="Banana", variable = checkvar3, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
c3.config(command = lambda x=c3, var=checkvar3: current(x, var))
c3.pack()

parent.mainloop()