biblatex：自定義參考書目條目

Question

我目前正在努力處理我的 BibLaTeX 文件。 我想把這兩個信息變成粗體。

我正在使用下面的模板，找不到插入textbf或mkbibbold屬性的正確位置，甚至不知道這是否是此用例中的正確屬性。 每次嘗試都失敗和/或使我的整個項目崩潰。

這是一個mre（感謝@samcarter_is_at_topanswers.xyz）%%%%% 區域是魔法發生的地方。

問候並保持健康！

\documentclass[12pt,oneside,titlepage]{scrartcl}

\newif\ifde
\newif\ifen
\newcommand{\langde}[1]{%
   \ifde\selectlanguage{ngerman}#1\fi}
\newcommand{\langen}[1]{%
   \ifen\selectlanguage{english}#1\fi}
\usepackage[utf8]{luainputenc}
\langde{\usepackage[babel,german=quotes]{csquotes}}
\langen{\usepackage[babel,english=british]{csquotes}}
\usepackage{footnote}

\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\usepackage[
backend=biber,
style=ext-authoryear,
maxcitenames=3, % mindestens 3 Namen ausgeben bevor et. al. kommt
maxbibnames=999,
mergedate=false,
date=iso,
seconds=true, %werden nicht verwendet, so werden aber Warnungen unterdrückt.
urldate=iso,
innamebeforetitle,
dashed=false,
autocite=footnote,
doi=false,
useprefix=true, % 'von' im Namen beachten (beim Anzeigen)
mincrossrefs = 1
]{biblatex}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage{xpatch}

\setlength\bibhang{1cm}

\AtEveryBibitem{%
\ifentrytype{book}{
    \clearfield{issn}%
    \clearfield{doi}%
    \clearfield{isbn}%
    \clearfield{url}
    \clearfield{eprint}
}{}
\ifentrytype{collection}{
  \clearfield{issn}%
  \clearfield{doi}%
  \clearfield{isbn}%
  \clearfield{url}
  \clearfield{eprint}
}{}
\ifentrytype{incollection}{
  \clearfield{issn}%
  \clearfield{doi}%
  \clearfield{isbn}%
  \clearfield{url}
  \clearfield{eprint}
}{}
\ifentrytype{article}{
  \clearfield{issn}%
  \clearfield{doi}%
  \clearfield{isbn}%
  \clearfield{url}
  \clearfield{eprint}
}{}
\ifentrytype{inproceedings}{
  \clearfield{issn}%
  \clearfield{doi}%
  \clearfield{isbn}%
  \clearfield{url}
  \clearfield{eprint}
}{}
}

\renewcommand*{\finentrypunct}{}%Kein Punkt am ende des Literaturverzeichnisses

\renewcommand*{\newunitpunct}{\addcomma\space}
\DeclareDelimFormat[bib,biblist]{nametitledelim}{\addcolon\space}
\DeclareDelimFormat{titleyeardelim}{\newunitpunct}
%Namen kursiv schreiben
\renewcommand*{\mkbibnamefamily}{\mkbibemph}
\renewcommand*{\mkbibnamegiven}{\mkbibemph}
\renewcommand*{\mkbibnamesuffix}{\mkbibemph}
\renewcommand*{\mkbibnameprefix}{\mkbibemph}


\DeclareDelimAlias{finalnamedelim}{multinamedelim}

\DeclareNameAlias{default}{family-given}
\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{default}  %Nach Namen sortieren


\DeclareFieldFormat{editortype}{\mkbibparens{#1}}
\DeclareDelimFormat{editortypedelim}{\addspace}
\DeclareFieldFormat{translatortype}{\mkbibparens{#1}}
\DeclareDelimFormat{translatortypedelim}{\addspace}
\DeclareDelimFormat[bib,biblist]{innametitledelim}{\addcomma\space}

\DeclareFieldFormat*{citetitle}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat*{title}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat*{booktitle}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat*{journaltitle}{#1}

\xpatchbibdriver{online}
  {\usebibmacro{organization+location+date}\newunit\newblock}
  {}
  {}{}

\DeclareFieldFormat[online]{date}{\mkbibparens{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{urltime}{\addspace #1\addspace \langde{Uhr}\langen{MEZ}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{%urltime zu urldate hinzufügen
  [\langde{Zugriff}\langen{Access}\addcolon\addspace
  #1\printfield{urltime}]
}
\DeclareFieldFormat[online]{url}{<\url{#1}>}
\renewbibmacro*{url+urldate}{%
  \usebibmacro{url}%
  \ifentrytype{online}
    {\setunit*{\addspace}%
     \iffieldundef{year}
       {\printtext[date]{\langde{keine Datumsangabe}\langen{no Date} }}
       {\usebibmacro{date}}}%
    {}%
  \setunit*{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{urldate}
  }
\DeclareExtradate{
  \scope{
    \field{labelyear}
    \field{year}
    }
    \scope{
      \field{usera}
     }
}
\renewbibmacro*{date+extradate}{%
  \printtext[parens]{%
    \printfield{usera}%
    \setunit{\printdelim{titleyeardelim}}%
    \ifentrytype{online}
       {\setunit*{\addspace\addcomma\addspace}%
         \iffieldundef{year}
           {\bibstring{nodate}}
       {\printlabeldateextra}}%
       {\printlabeldateextra}}}

\renewbibmacro*{cite:labeldate+extradate}{%
    \ifentrytype{online}
       {\setunit*{\addspace\addcomma\addspace}%
         \iffieldundef{year}
           {\bibstring{nodate}}
       {\printlabeldateextra}}%
       {\printlabeldateextra}}


\DefineBibliographyStrings{german}{
  nodate    = {{}o.\adddot\addspace J\adddot},
  andothers = {et\addabbrvspace al\adddot}
}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{
  nodate    = {{}n.\adddot\addspace d\adddot},
  andothers = {et\addabbrvspace al\adddot}
}
\DeclareSourcemap{
  \maps[datatype=bibtex]{
    \map{
      \step[notfield=translator, final]
      \step[notfield=editor, final]
      \step[fieldset=author, fieldvalue={{{\langde{o\noexpand\adddot\addspace V\noexpand\adddot}\langen{Anon}}}}]
    }
    \map{
      \pernottype{online}
      \step[fieldset=location, fieldvalue={\langde{o\noexpand\adddot\addspace O\noexpand\adddot}\langen{s\noexpand\adddot I\noexpand\adddot}}]
    }
  }
}

\renewbibmacro*{cite}{%
  \iffieldundef{shorthand}
    {\ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{labelname}\OR\iffieldundef{labelyear}}
       {\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
        \setunit{\printdelim{nonametitledelim}}}
       {\printnames{labelname}%
        \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}}%
     \printfield{usera}%
     \setunit{\printdelim{titleyeardelim}}%
     \usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}
    {\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}

    \renewcommand*{\jourvoldelim}{\addcomma\addspace}

\renewbibmacro*{journal+issuetitle}{%
  \usebibmacro{journal}%
  \setunit*{\jourvoldelim}%
  \iffieldundef{series}
    {}
    {\setunit*{\jourserdelim}%
     \printfield{series}%
     \setunit{\servoldelim}}%
  \iffieldundef{volume}
    {}
    {\printfield{volume}}
  \iffieldundef{labelyear}
  {}
  {
  (\thefield{year}) %Ansonsten wird wenn kein Volume angegeben ist ein Komma vorangestellt
  }
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace Nr\adddot\addspace}
  \printfield{number}
  \iffieldundef{eid}
  {}
  {\printfield{eid}}
}


\renewbibmacro*{postnote}{%
  \setunit{\postnotedelim}%
  \iffieldundef{postnote}
    {} %{\printtext{\langde{o.S\adddot}\langen{no page number}}}
    {\printfield{postnote}}}

\setlength{\bibinitsep}{0.75cm}

\DeclareDelimFormat{nonameyeardelim}{\addcomma\space}
\DeclareDelimFormat{nameyeardelim}{\addcomma\space}

\renewbibmacro*{cite}{%
  \iffieldundef{shorthand}
    {\ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{labelname}\OR\iffieldundef{labelyear}}
       {\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
        \setunit{\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}}}
      {\toggletrue{abx@bool@giveninits}
        \printnames[family-given]{labelname}%
        \setunit{\printdelim{nameyeardelim}}}%
      \printfield{usera}%
      \setunit{\printdelim{titleyeardelim}}%
     \usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}
   {\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\addbibresource{jobname.bib}



\begin{filecontents}{jobname.bib}
@book{ludi17,
  author = {Ludwig, Matthias and Oldenburg, Reinhard},
  year   = {2017},
  month  = {10},
  pages  = {149-160},
  title  = {Fußballergebnisse vorhersagen – mit Mathematik prognostizieren},
  isbn   = {978-3-658-11901-0},
  doi    = {10.1007/978-3-658-11902-7_12}
}
\end{filecontents}

\begin{document}
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet\footcite{ludi17}, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor
invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua.

\printbibliography{}

\end{document}

Answer 1

作為快速破解，您可以重新定義：

  \renewbibmacro*{date+extradate}{%
    \mkbibbold{%
    \iffieldundef{labelyear}
      {}
      {\printtext[parens]{\printlabeldateextra}}}}%
\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{family-given/given-family-bold}
\DeclareNameFormat{family-given/given-family-bold}{%
  \mkbibbold{%
  \ifnumequal{\value{listcount}}{1}
    {\ifgiveninits
       {\usebibmacro{name:family-given}
         {\namepartfamily}
         {\namepartgiveni}
         {\namepartprefix}
         {\namepartsuffix}}
       {\usebibmacro{name:family-given}
         {\namepartfamily}
         {\namepartgiven}
         {\namepartprefix}
         {\namepartsuffix}}%
     \ifboolexpe{%
       test {\ifdefvoid\namepartgiven}
       and
       test {\ifdefvoid\namepartprefix}}
       {}
       {\usebibmacro{name:revsdelim}}}
    {\ifgiveninits
       {\usebibmacro{name:given-family}
         {\namepartfamily}
         {\namepartgiveni}
         {\namepartprefix}
         {\namepartsuffix}}
       {\usebibmacro{name:given-family}
         {\namepartfamily}
         {\namepartgiven}
         {\namepartprefix}
         {\namepartsuffix}}}%
  \usebibmacro{name:andothers}}}

完整的 MWE；

\documentclass[12pt,oneside,titlepage]{scrartcl}

\newif\ifde
\newif\ifen
\newcommand{\langde}[1]{%
   \ifde\selectlanguage{ngerman}#1\fi}
\newcommand{\langen}[1]{%
   \ifen\selectlanguage{english}#1\fi}
\usepackage[utf8]{luainputenc}
\langde{\usepackage[babel,german=quotes]{csquotes}}
\langen{\usepackage[babel,english=british]{csquotes}}
\usepackage{footnote}

\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\usepackage[
backend=biber,
style=ext-authoryear,
maxcitenames=3, % mindestens 3 Namen ausgeben bevor et. al. kommt
maxbibnames=999,
mergedate=false,
date=iso,
seconds=true, %werden nicht verwendet, so werden aber Warnungen unterdrückt.
urldate=iso,
innamebeforetitle,
dashed=false,
autocite=footnote,
doi=false,
useprefix=true, % 'von' im Namen beachten (beim Anzeigen)
mincrossrefs = 1
]{biblatex}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage{xpatch}

\setlength\bibhang{1cm}

\AtEveryBibitem{%
\ifentrytype{book}{
    \clearfield{issn}%
    \clearfield{doi}%
    \clearfield{isbn}%
    \clearfield{url}
    \clearfield{eprint}
}{}
\ifentrytype{collection}{
  \clearfield{issn}%
  \clearfield{doi}%
  \clearfield{isbn}%
  \clearfield{url}
  \clearfield{eprint}
}{}
\ifentrytype{incollection}{
  \clearfield{issn}%
  \clearfield{doi}%
  \clearfield{isbn}%
  \clearfield{url}
  \clearfield{eprint}
}{}
\ifentrytype{article}{
  \clearfield{issn}%
  \clearfield{doi}%
  \clearfield{isbn}%
  \clearfield{url}
  \clearfield{eprint}
}{}
\ifentrytype{inproceedings}{
  \clearfield{issn}%
  \clearfield{doi}%
  \clearfield{isbn}%
  \clearfield{url}
  \clearfield{eprint}
}{}
}

\renewcommand*{\finentrypunct}{}%Kein Punkt am ende des Literaturverzeichnisses

\renewcommand*{\newunitpunct}{\addcomma\space}
\DeclareDelimFormat[bib,biblist]{nametitledelim}{\addcolon\space}
\DeclareDelimFormat{titleyeardelim}{\newunitpunct}
%Namen kursiv schreiben
%\renewcommand*{\mkbibnamefamily}{\mkbibbold}
%\renewcommand*{\mkbibnamegiven}{\mkbibbold}
%\renewcommand*{\mkbibnamesuffix}{\mkbibbold}
%\renewcommand*{\mkbibnameprefix}{\mkbibbold}

\DeclareFieldFormat*{extradate}{\mkbibbold{#1}}

\DeclareDelimAlias{finalnamedelim}{multinamedelim}

\DeclareNameAlias{default}{family-given}
\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{default}  %Nach Namen sortieren


\DeclareFieldFormat{editortype}{\mkbibparens{#1}}
\DeclareDelimFormat{editortypedelim}{\addspace}
\DeclareFieldFormat{translatortype}{\mkbibparens{#1}}
\DeclareDelimFormat{translatortypedelim}{\addspace}
\DeclareDelimFormat[bib,biblist]{innametitledelim}{\addcomma\space}

\DeclareFieldFormat*{citetitle}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat*{title}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat*{booktitle}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat*{journaltitle}{#1}

\xpatchbibdriver{online}
  {\usebibmacro{organization+location+date}\newunit\newblock}
  {}
  {}{}

\DeclareFieldFormat[online]{date}{\mkbibparens{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{urltime}{\addspace #1\addspace \langde{Uhr}\langen{MEZ}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{%urltime zu urldate hinzufügen
  [\langde{Zugriff}\langen{Access}\addcolon\addspace
  #1\printfield{urltime}]
}
\DeclareFieldFormat[online]{url}{<\url{#1}>}
\renewbibmacro*{url+urldate}{%
  \usebibmacro{url}%
  \ifentrytype{online}
    {\setunit*{\addspace}%
     \iffieldundef{year}
       {\printtext[date]{\langde{keine Datumsangabe}\langen{no Date} }}
       {\usebibmacro{date}}}%
    {}%
  \setunit*{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{urldate}
  }
\DeclareExtradate{
  \scope{
    \field{labelyear}
    \field{year}
    }
    \scope{
      \field{usera}
     }
}
\renewbibmacro*{date+extradate}{%
  \printtext[parens]{%
    \printfield{usera}%
    \setunit{\printdelim{titleyeardelim}}%
    \ifentrytype{online}
       {\setunit*{\addspace\addcomma\addspace}%
         \iffieldundef{year}
           {\bibstring{nodate}}
       {\printlabeldateextra}}%
       {\printlabeldateextra}}}

\renewbibmacro*{cite:labeldate+extradate}{%
    \ifentrytype{online}
       {\setunit*{\addspace\addcomma\addspace}%
         \iffieldundef{year}
           {\bibstring{nodate}}
       {\printlabeldateextra}}%
       {\printlabeldateextra}}


\DefineBibliographyStrings{german}{
  nodate    = {{}o.\adddot\addspace J\adddot},
  andothers = {et\addabbrvspace al\adddot}
}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{
  nodate    = {{}n.\adddot\addspace d\adddot},
  andothers = {et\addabbrvspace al\adddot}
}
\DeclareSourcemap{
  \maps[datatype=bibtex]{
    \map{
      \step[notfield=translator, final]
      \step[notfield=editor, final]
      \step[fieldset=author, fieldvalue={{{\langde{o\noexpand\adddot\addspace V\noexpand\adddot}\langen{Anon}}}}]
    }
    \map{
      \pernottype{online}
      \step[fieldset=location, fieldvalue={\langde{o\noexpand\adddot\addspace O\noexpand\adddot}\langen{s\noexpand\adddot I\noexpand\adddot}}]
    }
  }
}

\renewbibmacro*{cite}{%
  \iffieldundef{shorthand}
    {\ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{labelname}\OR\iffieldundef{labelyear}}
       {\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
        \setunit{\printdelim{nonametitledelim}}}
       {\printnames{labelname}%
        \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}}%
     \printfield{usera}%
     \setunit{\printdelim{titleyeardelim}}%
     \usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}
    {\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}

    \renewcommand*{\jourvoldelim}{\addcomma\addspace}

\renewbibmacro*{journal+issuetitle}{%
  \usebibmacro{journal}%
  \setunit*{\jourvoldelim}%
  \iffieldundef{series}
    {}
    {\setunit*{\jourserdelim}%
     \printfield{series}%
     \setunit{\servoldelim}}%
  \iffieldundef{volume}
    {}
    {\printfield{volume}}
  \iffieldundef{labelyear}
  {}
  {
  (\thefield{year}) %Ansonsten wird wenn kein Volume angegeben ist ein Komma vorangestellt
  }
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace Nr\adddot\addspace}
  \printfield{number}
  \iffieldundef{eid}
  {}
  {\printfield{eid}}
}


\renewbibmacro*{postnote}{%
  \setunit{\postnotedelim}%
  \iffieldundef{postnote}
    {} %{\printtext{\langde{o.S\adddot}\langen{no page number}}}
    {\printfield{postnote}}}

\setlength{\bibinitsep}{0.75cm}

\DeclareDelimFormat{nonameyeardelim}{\addcomma\space}
\DeclareDelimFormat{nameyeardelim}{\addcomma\space}

\renewbibmacro*{cite}{%
  \iffieldundef{shorthand}
    {\ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{labelname}\OR\iffieldundef{labelyear}}
       {\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
        \setunit{\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}}}
      {\toggletrue{abx@bool@giveninits}
        \printnames[family-given]{labelname}%
        \setunit{\printdelim{nameyeardelim}}}%
      \printfield{usera}%
      \setunit{\printdelim{titleyeardelim}}%
     \usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}
   {\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@book{ludi17,
  author = {Ludwig, Matthias and Oldenburg, Reinhard},
  year   = {2017},
  month  = {10},
  pages  = {149-160},
  title  = {Fußballergebnisse vorhersagen – mit Mathematik prognostizieren},
  isbn   = {978-3-658-11901-0},
  doi    = {10.1007/978-3-658-11902-7_12}
}
\end{filecontents}

\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}

  \renewbibmacro*{date+extradate}{%
    \mkbibbold{%
    \iffieldundef{labelyear}
      {}
      {\printtext[parens]{\printlabeldateextra}}}}%
\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{family-given/given-family-bold}
\DeclareNameFormat{family-given/given-family-bold}{%
  \mkbibbold{%
  \ifnumequal{\value{listcount}}{1}
    {\ifgiveninits
       {\usebibmacro{name:family-given}
         {\namepartfamily}
         {\namepartgiveni}
         {\namepartprefix}
         {\namepartsuffix}}
       {\usebibmacro{name:family-given}
         {\namepartfamily}
         {\namepartgiven}
         {\namepartprefix}
         {\namepartsuffix}}%
     \ifboolexpe{%
       test {\ifdefvoid\namepartgiven}
       and
       test {\ifdefvoid\namepartprefix}}
       {}
       {\usebibmacro{name:revsdelim}}}
    {\ifgiveninits
       {\usebibmacro{name:given-family}
         {\namepartfamily}
         {\namepartgiveni}
         {\namepartprefix}
         {\namepartsuffix}}
       {\usebibmacro{name:given-family}
         {\namepartfamily}
         {\namepartgiven}
         {\namepartprefix}
         {\namepartsuffix}}}%
  \usebibmacro{name:andothers}}}

\begin{document}
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet\footcite{ludi17}, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor
invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua.

\printbibliography{}

\end{document}