如何僅從 Laravel Eloquent API 資源中獲取特定字段？

Question

我正在開發一個 API，它可以通過手機和 web 應用程序訪問。
我需要從 API 資源中發送特定字段。

我有ItemResource

public function toArray($request) {
    return [
        'id'          => $this->id,
        'name'        => $this->name,
        'description' => $this->description,
        'price'       => $this->price,
        'stock'       => $this->stock,
        'reviews'     => $this->reviews, // this is from reviews table
    ];
}

我的Item Model

public function reviews() {
    return $this->hasMany(ItemReview::class);
}

我的 controller 代碼

return ItemResource::collection(Item::all());

我得到這個數組

{
    "data": {
        "id": 10,
        "name": "Item Name",
        "description": "Item description",
        "price": 410,
        "stock": "815",
        "reviews": [
            {
                "id": 4,       // I don't want to get this field
                "item_id": 10, // I don't want to get this field
                "user_id": 9,  // I want to show user name instead of user id
                "review": "item review."
            },
            {
                "id": 12,      // I don't want to get this field
                "item_id": 10, // I don't want to get this field
                "user_id": 3,  // I want to show user name instead of user id
                "review": "item review."
            }
        ]
    }
}

我想得到一個這樣的數組

{
    "data": {
        "id": 10,
        "name": "Item Name",
        "description": "Item description",
        "price": 410,
        "stock": "815",
        "reviews": [
            {
                "user_name": 'jhon',  
                "review": "item review."
            },
            {
                "user_name": 'jhon2',  
                "review": "item review."
            }
        ]
    }
}

我只想顯示特定的字段。
我該如何實施？

Answer 1

1.只需要select

如果您在reviews后添加括號，您可以返回一個Builder實例，這將允許您向關系添加查詢。
有了這個，您可以select您需要的字段。

public function toArray($request) {
    return [
        'id'          => $this->id,
        'name'        => $this->name,
        'description' => $this->description,
        'price'       => $this->price,
        'stock'       => $this->stock,
        'reviews'     => $this->reviews()->select('user_name', 'review')->get(),
    ];
}

2. 創建一個ReviewResource

您還可以為Review創建返回其自己數據的資源。

class ReviewResource extends JsonResource
{
    public function toArray($request)
    {
        return [
            'user_name' => $this->user_name,
            'review' => $this->review,
        ];
    }
}

class ItemResource extends JsonResource
{
    public function toArray($request) {
        return [
            'id'          => $this->id,
            'name'        => $this->name,
            'description' => $this->description,
            'price'       => $this->price,
            'stock'       => $this->stock,
            'reviews'     => ReviewResource::collection($this->reviews),
        ];
    }
}