以 SwiftUI 動態形式聲明 TextField 和 Toggle

Question

4 年后我又回到了 Swift 編程，一切都變了。 我從頭開始學習一切。 我正在嘗試解決變量綁定問題。 我想構建一個動態表單，其中包含將從 API 返回的字段。 代碼：

import SwiftUI


struct Filter: Codable, Identifiable {
      var id: Int
      var name: String
      var type: String
      var defaultValue: Int
init(_ dictionary: [String: Any]) {
      self.id = dictionary["id"] as? Int ?? 0
      self.name = dictionary["name"] as? String ?? ""
      self.type = dictionary["type"] as? String ?? ""
      self.defaultValue = dictionary["defaultValue"] as? Int ?? 0
    }
}

struct ContentView: View {
    
    @State var filters:Array<Filter> = []
    
    func load(){
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.kierklosebastian.pl/") else {return}
        let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { (data, response, error) in
        guard let dataResponse = data,
                  error == nil else {
                  print(error?.localizedDescription ?? "Response Error")
                  return }
            do {
                let decoder = JSONDecoder()
                let model = try decoder.decode([Filter].self, from:
                             dataResponse)
                self.filters = model;
            } catch let parsingError {
                print("Error", parsingError)
            }
        }
        task.resume()
    }
    
    var body: some View {
        VStack{
            Button(action: self.load, label: {
                Text("Get json")
            })
            List{
                ForEach(self.filters) { filter in
                    HStack{
                        Text("NAME: \(filter.name)")
                        Text("TYPE: \(filter.type)")
           
                        if filter.type == "textField" {
//                            TextField("", ???????)
                        }
                        
                        if filter.type == "checkbox" {
//                            Toggle(isOn: ????????) {
//                                ""
//                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
}

如何聲明 TextFiled 和 Toggle 變量？

Answer 1

Toggle需要有一個boolean綁定屬性來確定切換是打開還是關閉。 所以你需要定義一個布爾屬性，例如，為Filter 。

struct Filter: Codable, Identifiable {
    var id: Int
    var name: String
    var type: String
    var defaultValue: Int
    var isOn: Bool = false
    init(_ dictionary: [String: Any]) {
        self.id = dictionary["id"] as? Int ?? 0
        self.name = dictionary["name"] as? String ?? ""
        self.type = dictionary["type"] as? String ?? ""
        self.defaultValue = dictionary["defaultValue"] as? Int ?? 0
        self.isOn = (dictionary["type"] as? String ?? "") ==  "checkbox"
    }
}

創建一個確認ObservableObject的視圖模型。

https://developer.apple.com/documentation/combine/observableobject

class FilterViewModel: ObservableObject {
    @Published var filters:Array<Filter> = []
    
    func load(){
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.kierklosebastian.pl/") else {return}
        let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { (data, response, error) in
            guard let dataResponse = data,
                  error == nil else {
                print(error?.localizedDescription ?? "Response Error")
                return }
            do {
                let decoder = JSONDecoder()
                let model = try decoder.decode([Filter].self, from:
                                                dataResponse)
                self.filters = model;
            } catch let parsingError {
                print("Error", parsingError)
            }
        }
        task.resume()
    }
}

並在ContentView使用它代替@State var filters:Array<Filter> = [] 。

struct FilterView: View {
    
    @ObservedObject var viewModel = FilterViewModel()
   
    -----
}

為ForEach的內容創建一個新視圖，並將 viewModel 和過濾器傳遞給它。 在新視圖中，查找當前過濾器的索引。

struct FilterDetailView: View {
    
    @ObservedObject var viewModel: FilterViewModel
    var filter: Filter
    
    
    var indexOfFilter: Int {
        self.viewModel.filters.firstIndex { $0 == filter}!
    }
    var body: some View {
        
        HStack{
            Text("NAME: \(filter.name)")
            Text("TYPE: \(filter.type)")
            
            if filter.type == "textField" {
                TextField("TextField", text: self.$viewModel.filters[indexOfFilter].name)
            }
            
            if filter.type == "checkbox" {
                Toggle(isOn: self.$viewModel.filters[indexOfFilter].isOn) {
                    Text("Toggle")
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

您也需要向Equatable確認。 否則，您不能使用firstIndex { $0 == filter}!

struct Filter: Codable, Identifiable, Equatable {
}

完整代碼

struct Filter: Codable, Identifiable, Equatable {
    var id: Int
    var name: String
    var type: String
    var defaultValue: Int
    var isOn: Bool = false
    init(_ dictionary: [String: Any]) {
        self.id = dictionary["id"] as? Int ?? 0
        self.name = dictionary["name"] as? String ?? ""
        self.type = dictionary["type"] as? String ?? ""
        self.defaultValue = dictionary["defaultValue"] as? Int ?? 0
        self.isOn = (dictionary["type"] as? String ?? "") ==  "checkbox"
    }
}


class FilterViewModel: ObservableObject {
    @Published var filters:Array<Filter> = []
    
    func load(){
        guard let url = URL(string: "https://api.kierklosebastian.pl/") else {return}
        let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { (data, response, error) in
            guard let dataResponse = data,
                  error == nil else {
                print(error?.localizedDescription ?? "Response Error")
                return }
            do {
                let decoder = JSONDecoder()
                let model = try decoder.decode([Filter].self, from:
                                                dataResponse)
                self.filters = model;
            } catch let parsingError {
                print("Error", parsingError)
            }
        }
        task.resume()
    }
}

struct FilterView: View {
    
    @ObservedObject var viewModel = FilterViewModel()
    
    var body: some View {
        VStack{
            Button(action: self.viewModel.load, label: {
                Text("Get json")
            })
            List{
                ForEach(self.viewModel.filters) { filter in
                    FilterDetailView(viewModel: viewModel, filter: filter)
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
}


struct FilterDetailView: View {
    
    @ObservedObject var viewModel: FilterViewModel
    var filter: Filter
    
    
    var indexOfFilter: Int {
        self.viewModel.filters.firstIndex { $0 == filter}!
    }
    var body: some View {
        
        HStack{
            Text("NAME: \(filter.name)")
            Text("TYPE: \(filter.type)")
            
            if filter.type == "textField" {
                TextField("TextField", text: self.$viewModel.filters[indexOfFilter].name)
            }
            
            if filter.type == "checkbox" {
                Toggle(isOn: self.$viewModel.filters[indexOfFilter].isOn) {
                    Text("Toggle")
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

---

iOS 15+

ForEach(self.viewModel.filters) { $filter in
  -----
}

Toggle(isOn: $filter.isOn) {
   Text("Toggle")
}

如果您有興趣，請觀看 SwiftUI 中的新增功能 - WWDC21 (08:00) 並關注 Apple 的 SwiftUI 教程

• https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10018/
• https://developer.apple.com/tutorials/SwiftUI