[英]How to implement image upload while creating a user directory if he doesn't have one in django?
[英]How to implement Django multiple user types, while one user can have different role according to the project he/she is working on?
我找不到我的問題的解決方案,並希望對此發表評論/幫助。
我想在 Django 中開發一個多用戶類型模型,沿着作者使用 Django Proxy Models的這個視頻的路線。
我有一個 XX 項目列表( proj01
、 proj02
、 projXX
,...)。 所有這些項目都有其特定的頁面,可以通過特定的 url mysite/projXX/
我有多個用戶:Adam、Bob、Caroline、Dany、Ed、...
每個用戶可以根據他們所從事的項目擁有多個角色(例如經理、開發人員、紀錄片制作人、審閱者、編輯等)
用戶可以根據項目具有不同的角色。 例如,Adam 可以是 proj01 的審稿人,但可以是 proj02 的編輯,而 Bob 可以是 proj01 的編輯,但可以是 proj02 的審稿人,等等。
我開始在下面的models.py
文件中定義多個用戶類型(只有審閱者和編輯者角色):
# accounts/models.py
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.db import models
from django.urls import reverse
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
class User(AbstractUser):
class Types(models.TextChoices):
EDITOR= "EDITOR", "Editor"
REVIEWER = "REVIEWER", "Reviewer"
base_type = Types.EDITOR
type = models.CharField(
_("Type"), max_length=50, choices=Types.choices, default=base_type
)
name = models.CharField(_("Name of User"), blank=True, max_length=255)
def get_absolute_url(self):
return reverse("users:detail", kwargs={"username": self.username})
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
if not self.id:
self.type = self.base_type
return super().save(*args, **kwargs)
class EditorManager(models.Manager):
def get_queryset(self, *args, **kwargs):
return super().get_queryset(*args, **kwargs).filter(type=User.Types.EDITOR)
class ReviewerManager(models.Manager):
def get_queryset(self, *args, **kwargs):
return super().get_queryset(*args, **kwargs).filter(type=User.Types.REVIEWER)
class EditorMore(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
gadgets = models.TextField()
class Editor(User):
base_type = User.Types.EDITOR
objects = EditorManager()
class Meta:
proxy = True
def edit(self):
return "Edition in progress"
class ReviewerMore(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
model = models.CharField(max_length=255)
make = models.CharField(max_length=255)
year = models.IntegerField()
class Reviewer(User):
base_type = User.Types.REVIEWER
objects = ReviewerManager()
@property
def more(self):
return self.reviewermore
class Meta:
proxy = True
def review(self):
return "In Review"
處理用戶角色可以根據他/她正在訪問的項目頁面改變這一事實的最佳方法是什么?
示例:如果 Adam 登錄並訪問頁面mysite/proj01/
我希望他只訪問評論者允許的內容,而如果 Adam 訪問mysite/proj02/
,我希望用戶只看到允許的內容編輯。
理想情況下,我希望每個用戶在用戶數據庫中都有其唯一的條目。 我在想依賴於項目的角色級別可以存儲為字典嗎? 例如:
{'proj01':'reviewer', 'proj02':'editor', 'projxx': 'roleY', ... }
如何將這個用戶模型和項目相關權限列表結合起來?
為project
應用程序、 models.py
和views.py
添加示例文件:
# projects/models.py
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
from django.db import models
from django.urls import reverse
class Project(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
body = models.TextField()
date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
author = models.ForeignKey(
get_user_model(),
on_delete=models.CASCADE,
)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
def get_absolute_url(self):
return reverse("project_detail", args=[str(self.id)])
# projects/views.py
from django.contrib.auth.mixins import (
LoginRequiredMixin,
UserPassesTestMixin,
)
from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView
from django.views.generic.edit import UpdateView, DeleteView, CreateView
from django.urls import reverse_lazy
from .models import Project
class ProjectListView(LoginRequiredMixin, ListView):
model = Project
template_name = "project_list.html"
class ProjectDetailView(LoginRequiredMixin, DetailView):
model = Article
template_name = "project_detail.html"
class ProjectUpdateView(LoginRequiredMixin, UserPassesTestMixin, UpdateView):
model = Project
fields = (
"title",
"body",
)
template_name = "project_edit.html"
def test_func(self):
obj = self.get_object()
return obj.author == self.request.user
如果您有項目作為模型。 您可以向模型添加自定義權限。 然后為每個項目適當地為您的用戶分配這些權限(實際上也很容易添加/刪除權限)。
然后在您的視圖/模板中使用 user_passes_test 或 permissions_required 來限制用戶可以查看/訪問/編輯的內容。
class Project(models.Model):
project_name = ...
class RoleType(models.Model):
role_name = models.CharField
# Permission boolean flags
can_edit = models.Boolean
can_view = models.Boolean
class ProjectRole(models.Model):
project = models.ForeignKey('Project', ...)
role = models.ForeignKey('RoleType', ...)
user = models.ForeignKey('User', ...)
現在您可以根據項目或用戶反向查找
# To show all assigned users and their roles for a project
foo_project = Project.objects.get(project_name='foo')
project_roles = ProjectRole.objects.filter(project=foo_project)
您還可以通過角色及其權限布爾標志來限制您的視圖和模板。
您可以將下面的示例作為參考。
楷模
class Project(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
......
class ProjectPermission(model.Model):
project = models.ForeignKey(Project, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='permissions')
role = models.ForeignKey('Role', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
can_add = models.BooleanField(default=False)
can_review = models.BooleanField(default=False)
.......
class Role(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50) # example Moderator etc.
project_permissions = models.ManyToManyField(ProjectPermission)
users = models.ManyToManyField(User)
觀看次數
#Let's create a Project instance
proj = Project.objects.create(title="Some Project")
#let's create role and assign users to role:
role = Role.objects.create(name='Reviewer')
# assign users
role.users.add(user1)
現在,例如,讓我們假設你要分配review
權限最近創建的proj
的內實例Reviewer
角色:
# first create ProjectPermission
perm = ProjectPermission.objects.create(project=proj, can_review=True, role=role)
# Now add this perm into the role:
role.project_permissions.add(perm)
現在終於可以查看用戶權限了。
def review_project(request, project_id):
project = Project.objects.get(id=project_id)
if project.permissions.filter(can_review=True, role__users=request.user).exists():
# your code
else:
raise PermissionDenied
例如: GroupA : GlobalEditor (Bob 可以在 projx 和 projy 中編輯,並且只能查看 projz )
GroupB:viewonly(Adam只能查看projs的內容)等等
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