使用 Django 配置 Google Cloud App Engine

Question

我正在按照本教程使用 Google Cloud 部署 Django。 在時間戳 (13:39)，他在 VS Code 中進入 Django 項目中的 settings.py，並將一些占位符替換為他自己的 Google Cloud 憑據。 然而，我的 settings.py 看起來非常不同。 塊帽中唯一看起來像是占位符的東西是“GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT”和“SETTINGS_NAME”。 這是我無法通過的安裝部分，因為在我嘗試執行的下一步

python manage.py makemigrations

我被送到這里：

else:
    raise Exception("No local .env or GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT detected. No secrets found.")

希望有人可以瀏覽一下我的 settings.py 並確定我缺少什么，為什么if塊將變為Exception 。

需要注意的一件事：頂級導入環境和google.cloud未解決。 idk是否與它有關。 這就是文件從罐中出來的方式。 我不想惹它，以防萬一 tshtf :D

設置.py

import io
import os

import environ
from google.cloud import secretmanager

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

# [START gaestd_py_django_secret_config]
env = environ.Env(DEBUG=(bool, False))
env_file = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ".env")

if os.path.isfile(env_file):
    # Use a local secret file, if provided

    env.read_env(env_file)
# [START_EXCLUDE]
elif os.getenv("TRAMPOLINE_CI", None):
    # Create local settings if running with CI, for unit testing

    placeholder = (
        f"SECRET_KEY=a\n"
        f"DATABASE_URL=sqlite://{os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3')}"
    )
    env.read_env(io.StringIO(placeholder))
# [END_EXCLUDE]
elif os.environ.get("GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT", None):
   # Pull secrets from Secret Manager
    project_id = os.environ.get("GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT")

    client = secretmanager.SecretManagerServiceClient()
    settings_name = os.environ.get("SETTINGS_NAME", "django_settings")
    name = f"projects/{project_id}/secrets/{settings_name}/versions/latest"
    payload = client.access_secret_version(name=name).payload.data.decode("UTF-8")

    env.read_env(io.StringIO(payload))

else:

 raise Exception("No local .env or GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT detected. No secrets found.")

# [END gaestd_py_django_secret_config]

SECRET_KEY = env("SECRET_KEY")

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
# Change this to "False" when you are ready for production
DEBUG = True

# SECURITY WARNING: App Engine's security features ensure that it is safe to
# have ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] when the app is deployed. If you deploy a Django
# app not on App Engine, make sure to set an appropriate host here.
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "polls.apps.PollsConfig",
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",
]

ROOT_URLCONF = "mysite.urls"

TEMPLATES = [
    {
   "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
    "DIRS": [],
    "APP_DIRS": True,
    "OPTIONS": {
        "context_processors": [
            "django.template.context_processors.debug",
            "django.template.context_processors.request",
            "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
            "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
        ],
    },
   },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = "mysite.wsgi.application"

# Database
# [START db_setup]
# [START gaestd_py_django_database_config]
# Use django-environ to parse the connection string
DATABASES = {"default": env.db()}

# If the flag as been set, configure to use proxy
if os.getenv("USE_CLOUD_SQL_AUTH_PROXY", None):
    DATABASES["default"]["HOST"] = "127.0.0.1"
    DATABASES["default"]["PORT"] = 5432

# [END gaestd_py_django_database_config]
# [END db_setup]

# Use a in-memory sqlite3 database when testing in CI systems
# TODO(glasnt) CHECK IF THIS IS REQUIRED because we're setting a val above
if os.getenv("TRAMPOLINE_CI", None):
    DATABASES = {
        "default": {
            "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
            "NAME": os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "db.sqlite3"),
        }
    }

# Password validation

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator",  # noqa: 501
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator",  # noqa: 501
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator",  # noqa: 501
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator",  # noqa: 501
    },
]

# Internationalization

LANGUAGE_CODE = "en-us"
TIME_ZONE = "UTC"
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)

STATIC_ROOT = "static"
STATIC_URL = "/static/"
STATICFILES_DIRS = []

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"

Answer 1

Django 希望你提供一個SECRET_KEY 。 有幾種方法可以提供這樣的密鑰，但一種方法是在manage.py文件所在的同一文件夾中創建一個包含SECRET_KEY的.env文件。

可以使用以下代碼片段生成SECRET_KEY （在您認為方便的地方運行它，但不要將生成的密鑰字符串添加到settings.py文件中）：

from django.core.management.utils import get_random_secret_key 
get_random_secret_key()

獲取結果輸出（它是一個 50 個字符長的字符串）並將其添加到.env文件中，格式如下：

SECRET_KEY="the-50-character-string-here"

您可能還需要將settings.py文件中的BASE_DIR替換為以下內容，以便正確加載.env文件（注意第一行是如何注釋掉的）。

#BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
BASE_DIR = os.getcwd()

在與數據庫設置相關的過程中，您可能會遇到更多問題。 看看這個和這個SO 問題。

您還可以考慮查看指南，這是您所指的教程所遵循的內容。