如何在 Rails 6.1 中使用郵件程序？

Question

我目前正在嘗試創建一個聯系我們表單，用戶可以在其中向我的個人電子郵件地址發送任何類型的報告。 為了這個例子，我們稱之為my-email-address@email.com 。

目前我不太關心用戶的電子郵件。 假設我將使用以下信息。

• from: "my-email-address@email.com"
• to: "my-email-address@email.com"
• subject: "a subject name"

第 1 步：我使用 AJAX POST 請求在views/home/contact_us.html.erb創建了我的表單：

<form id="sendEmailForm">
    <div class="form-group mb-3">
        <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlInput1" placeholder="Enter your email">
    </div>

    <div class="form-group mb-3">
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlInput2" placeholder="Enter a subject (Optional)">
    </div>

    <div class="form-group mb-3">
        <textarea class="form-control" placeholder="Please write your name, company-name, and what you would like to achieve." id="exampleFormControlTextarea3" rows="5"></textarea>
    </div>

    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">Send Email</button>
</form>

<script type="text/javascript">

    $('#sendEmailForm').on('submit', function(e) {
        e.preventDefault();
        e.stopPropagation();

        let final_json_data = {
            email: document.getElementById("exampleFormControlInput1").value,
            subject: document.getElementById("exampleFormControlInput2").value,
            content: document.getElementById("exampleFormControlTextarea3").value
        };

        jQuery.ajax({
            url: '/home/send_email_to_server',
            type: "POST",
            data: {emailDetails: final_json_data},
            success: function(result) { 
                alert("ajax request OK!");
            },
            fail: function(result) {
                alert("ajax has failed")
            }
        });  
    });
</script>

第 2步：我的家庭控制器和 routes.rb：

class HomeController < ApplicationController

  def contact_us
    puts "GETTING THE PAGE !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
  end
  

  def send_email_to_server
    
    @emailDetails = params[:emailDetails]

    puts ">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>"
    puts "     Store email details on server"

    puts @emailDetails['email']
    puts @emailDetails['subject']
    puts @emailDetails['content']
    puts ">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>"


    ContactUsMailer.notify_server_via_email(@emailDetails['email'], @emailDetails['subject']).deliver
  
    puts ">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>"
    

  end
end

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  get 'home/contact_us'
  post 'home/send_email_to_server'
end

第 3步：修改application_mailer.rb以使用默認的from-email ：

class ApplicationMailer < ActionMailer::Base
    default from: "my-email-address@email.com"
    layout 'mailer'
end

第 4 contact_us_mailer.rb ：修改contact_us_mailer.rb以使用捕獲的參數處理請求：

class ContactUsMailer < ApplicationMailer
    def notify_server_via_email(toEmail, aSubject)
        puts ">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>"
        puts "     Trying to send an email . . . "

        @email = toEmail
        @subject = aSubject
        puts @email
        puts @subject

        puts ">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>"

        mail(
            to: @email,
            subject: @subject
        )
    end
end

第 4 notify_server_via_email.html.erb ：然后在views/contact_us_mailer我創建了一個名為notify_server_via_email.html.erb的新文件並添加了以下內容：

<h1> hello world </h1>

---

所以這是按順序發生的：

1. 用戶填寫表單並提交按鈕。
2. AJAX POST 請求到/home/send_email_to_server
3. 服務器接收請求並捕獲參數並執行mail()函數

但是我收到以下錯誤：

Started POST "/home/send_email_to_server" for ::1 at 2021-07-03 18:01:00 +0300
Processing by HomeController#send_email_to_server as */*
  Parameters: {"emailDetails"=>{"email"=>"my-email-address@email.com", "subject"=>"some new subject", "content"=>"a text example"}}



>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
     Store email details on server
my-email-address@email.com
some new subject
a text example
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>



>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
     Trying to send an email . . .
my-email-address@email.com
some new subject
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>



  Rendering layout layouts/mailer.html.erb
  Rendering contact_us_mailer/notify_server_via_email.html.erb within layouts/mailer
  Rendered contact_us_mailer/notify_server_via_email.html.erb within layouts/mailer (Duration: 0.5ms | Allocations: 70)
  Rendered layout layouts/mailer.html.erb (Duration: 1.5ms | Allocations: 241)
ContactUsMailer#notify_server_via_email: processed outbound mail in 14.0ms
Delivered mail 60e07bace69f9_27544024-497@DESKTOP-MQJ3IGG.mail (30045.8ms)
Date: Sat, 03 Jul 2021 18:01:00 +0300
From: my-email-address@email.com
To: my-email-address@email.com
Message-ID: <60e07bace69f9_27544024-497@DESKTOP-MQJ3IGG.mail>
Subject: some new subject
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/html;
 charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <style>
      /* Email styles need to be inline */
    </style>
  </head>

  <body>
    <h1> hello world </h1>
  </body>
</html>

Completed 500 Internal Server Error in 30095ms (ActiveRecord: 0.0ms | Allocations: 11373)



EOFError (end of file reached):

app/controllers/home_controller.rb:35:in `send_email_to_server'

我不知道是什么導致了 500 內部服務器錯誤。 我目前正在開發方面工作，我知道我不應該這樣做，但這只是為了測試目的，我的目標不是永遠保持這個配置。 另外，我遇​​到了這個StackOverflow 問題，它與我的問題相似，但沒有明確的答案，因為這是大學 wifi 阻止 smtp 請求工作。 我正在嘗試使用家庭 wifi。

另外作為參考這里是我的development.rb命令action_mailer ：

  config.action_mailer.perform_deliveries = true

  config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = true

  config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp

  config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = {
    :address => 'localhost',
    :port    => 3000
  }

  config.action_mailer.default_url_options = {host: 'localhost:3000'}

  config.action_mailer.perform_caching = false

Answer 1

錯誤由庫net/protocol.rb#227引發。 如果您打開瀏覽器開發人員工具，您可以在子選項卡響應下看到它在選項卡網絡下狀態為 500 的請求。

錯誤原因：庫無法連接到您的 smtp 服務器，根據您的development.rb配置config.action_mailer.smtp_settings位於localhost:3000 。 在端口 3000 位於您的 Web 服務器，smtp 通常位於端口 25、587、2525（如果它正在運行）。

如果您希望在開發環境中向my-email-address@email.com發送郵件，您需要在本地計算機上運行 smtp 服務器並正確配置config.action_mailer.smtp_settings 。

如果您想查看電子郵件，您可以查看控制台或日志。 或者使用 gem letter_opener，或者使用ActionMailer::Preview 。 請參閱StackOverflow 上的答案。