[英]How to pass arguments when instantiating a class to a function in Python?
我已嘗試僅描繪和記錄每個 class 所需的內容,希望您能幫助我,我正在嘗試實例化class Show_image
,它需要兩個參數,圖像列表的兩個索引,如果您能指導我的話我想做的是可能的,我將不勝感激。 謝謝。
這 class 調整圖像大小
from tkinter importante *
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
class Array(Frame):
def __init__(self, master, path, *args):
Frame.__init__(self, master, *args) self.image = Image.open(path)
self.img_copy = self.image.copy()
self.background_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.image)
self.background = Label(self, image=self.background_image)
self.background.pack(fill='both', expand=True)
self.background.bind('<Configure>', self._resize_image)
def _resize_image(self, event):
self.image = self.img_copy .resize ((self.master .winfo_width(), self.master .winfo_height()))
self.background_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.image)
self.background.configure(image=self.background_image)
基地 class 控制
class Interface(Frame):
def __init__(self, master, *args):
Frame.__init__(self, master, *args)
self.path_lst = ['11.png','22.png','33.png','44.png'] # change/add paths
self._frame_1 = None
self._open_1 = False
self.button1 = Button(self, text='pack 1',
command= lambda:self.windows(Show_image))
self.button1 .pack()
def windows(self, var_1):
if not self._open_1:
self.top1 = Toplevel(self.master)
self.top1 .geometry('200x200')
container = var_1(self.top1)
if self._frame_1 is not None:
self._frame_1 .destroy()
self._frame_1 = container
self._frame_1 .pack()
self._open_1 = True
self.top1.protocol ('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', lambda: self.closed(1))
def closed(self, number):
if number == 1:
self.top1. destroy()
self._open_1 = False
這個 class 應該繪制兩個實例,兩個圖像,但我不知道如何在綁定<lambda>
function 中傳遞<index_1>
和<index_2>
arguments。
class Show_image(Frame):
def __init__(self, index_1, index_2, *args, **kwargs):
Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
self.img = Array(self, self.master.path_lst[index_1])
self.img .grid(column=0, row=0)
self.img2 = Array(self, self.master.path_lst[index_2])
self.img2 .grid(column=0, row=1)
root = Tk()
frm = Interface(root)
frm .pack()
root.mainloop()
另外,如果你能告訴我圖像的初始化路徑是否正確。 謝謝。
如果我明白你將不得不使用嵌套的lambdas
command=lambda:self.windows(lambda:Show_image(index1, index2))
但我看到windows
以參數top
運行 function 所以它在lambda
中也需要它
command=lambda:self.windows( lambda top:Show_image(index1, index2, top))
編輯:
具有其他更改的完整工作代碼。
我將master
作為第一個值發送,將path_lst
作為最后一個值發送,我不需要使用self.master.pack_lst
我更改了一些pack()
、 grid()
並添加了grid_rowconfigure()
以便在 window 更改大小時正確調整圖像大小。
我使用os.listdir()
創建path_lst
。 它使用sys.argv
從命令行 ( python script.py path_to_images
) 獲取folder
,或者使用os.getcwd()
獲取Current Working Directory
作為folder
我按照建議將名稱更改為ShowImage
PEP8
- CamelCaseNames
for classes。
我不確定它是否建議對類使用noun
(例如名詞ImageViewer
而不是動詞ShowImage
)和對函數使用verb
(例如動詞show_window
而不是名詞windows
),但我跳過了它。 也許這是羅伯特 C 在“清潔代碼”一書中的建議。馬丁(也稱為鮑勃叔叔)
import os # os.path.join(), os.listdir()
import sys # sys.argv
#from tkinter import * # PEP8: `import *` is not preferred
import tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
# --- constants --- # PEP8: `UPPER_CASE_NAMES
#FOLDER = '/home/furas/test'
# --- classes --- # PEP8: `CamelCaseNames`
class Array(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master, path, *args):
super().__init__(master, *args) # in Python 3 you can use `super()` without `self`
self.image = Image.open(path)
self.img_copy = self.image.copy()
self.background_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.image)
self.background = tk.Label(self, image=self.background_image)
self.background.pack(fill='both', expand=True)
self.background.bind('<Configure>', self._resize_image)
def _resize_image(self, event):
self.image = self.img_copy.resize((self.master.winfo_width(), self.master.winfo_height()//2))
self.background_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.image)
self.background.configure(image=self.background_image)
class Interface(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master, folder, *args):
super().__init__(master, *args)
self.folder = folder
#self.path_lst = ['11.png','22.png','33.png','44.png'] # change/add paths
self.path_lst = [os.path.join(self.folder, name) for name in os.listdir(self.folder) if name.lower().endswith(('.png', '.jpg', '.gif'))] # change/add paths
self._frame_1 = None
self._open_1 = False
index_1 = 0
index_2 = 1
self.button1 = tk.Button(self, text='pack 1',
command=lambda:self.windows(lambda top:ShowImage(top, index_1, index_2, self.path_lst)))
self.button1.pack()
def windows(self, var_1):
if not self._open_1:
self.top1 = tk.Toplevel(self.master)
self.top1.geometry('200x200')
container = var_1(self.top1)
if self._frame_1 is not None:
self._frame_1.destroy()
self._frame_1 = container
self._frame_1.pack(fill='both', expand=True)
self._open_1 = True
self.top1.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', lambda: self.closed(1))
def closed(self, number):
if number == 1:
self.top1.destroy()
self._open_1 = False
class ShowImage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master, index_1, index_2, path_lst, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(master, *args, **kwargs)
if len(path_lst) > index_1:
self.img = Array(self, path_lst[index_1])
self.img.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky='news')
if len(path_lst) > index_2:
self.img2 = Array(self, path_lst[index_2])
self.img2.grid(column=0, row=1, sticky='news')
# column 0 will use full width
self.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
# row 0 will use 1/2 height AND row 1 will use 1/2 height
self.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
# --- functions --- # PEP8: `lower_case_names`
# empty
# --- main ---
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
folder = sys.argv[1]
else:
folder = os.getcwd()
#folder = FOLDER
root = tk.Tk()
frm = Interface(root, folder)
frm.pack()
root.mainloop()
順便提一句:
因為 window 必須顯示兩個圖像,所以我將數組中的高度除以 2 ( self.master.winfo_height()//2
) 以適應Array
中的兩個行/圖像。
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