如何在單元測試中模擬服務

Question

例如，我在 FileServiceImpl 中有這個方法：

@Service
public class FileServiceImpl implements FileService {

private final ExecutorService executorService;
private final UploadsService uploadsService;
private final CandidatesService candidatesService;

@Autowired
public FileServiceImpl(ExecutorService executorService, UploadsService uploadsService, CandidatesService candidatesService) {
    this.executorService = executorService;
    this.uploadsService = uploadsService;
    this.candidatesService = candidatesService;
}

@Override
public Upload uploadFile(MultipartFile file) throws IOException {
    String filename = file.getOriginalFilename();
    if (!filename.endsWith(".xlsx")) {
        throw new IOException("File format is not .xlsx");
    }

    Upload upload = new Upload(UploadStatus.IN_PROGRESS, LocalDateTime.now(), filename);
    uploadsService.saveUpload(upload);

    executorService.execute(new XLSXAsyncImporter(upload, file.getInputStream(), uploadsService, candidatesService));

    return upload;
    }
}

我需要如何編寫單元測試？ 我已經開始寫這個：

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
public class FileServiceImplTest {

@Mock
private ExecutorService executorService;

@Mock
private UploadsService uploadsService;

@Mock
private CandidatesService candidatesService;

private FileServiceImpl fileService;

private Upload upload;
private MockMultipartFile file1, file2;

@BeforeEach
public void setUp() {
    fileService = new FileServiceImpl(executorService, uploadsService, candidatesService);

    upload = new Upload(UploadStatus.DONE, LocalDateTime.of(2021, 1, 1, 0, 0), "filename");
    file1 = new MockMultipartFile("filename 1", "filename.xlsx", "multipart/form-data", "".getBytes());
    file2 = new MockMultipartFile("filename 2", "", "multipart/form-data", "".getBytes());
}

我想寫兩個測試：服務方法完成和服務方法拋出 IOException。 拜托，你能幫我寫測試方法嗎？ 我覆蓋了測試更簡單的其他服務。 但我很困惑我需要用這個做什么。

Answer 1

首先，如您所想，沒有必要使用真正的ExecutorService 。

這里的重點是測試上傳功能。 如果此功能使用外部服務、對象或其他任何東西，您應該模擬這個軟件的第三方部分。 重點始終是您的代碼和功能。

回到你的代碼，我將測試三個方面：

1. 文件驗證
2. 對上傳服務的調用
3. 提交給執行者服務