uuid 的 Python3 單元測試

Question

我有為 api 調用構建有效負載的函數。 在有效載荷中，我使用uuid生成標頭的唯一編號。 但是當我試圖比較預期的結果時，它永遠不會匹配，因為每次調用函數generate_payload返回新的uuid 。 如何處理這個以通過單元測試？

我的.py

import uuid


def generate_payload():
    payload = {
        "method": "POST",
        "headers": {"X-Transaction-Id":"" +str(uuid.uuid4())+""},
                                        "body": {
        "message": {
            "messageVersion": 1
        },

    }
    }
    return payload

test_my.py

import my
def test_generate_payload():
    expected_payload = {'method': 'POST', 'headers': {'X-Transaction-Id': '5396cbce-4d6c-4b5a-b15f-a442f719f640'}, 'body': {'message': {'messageVersion': 1}}}
    assert my.generate_payload == expected_payload 

運行測試 - python -m pytest -vs test_my.py錯誤

...Full output truncated (36 lines hidden), use '-vv' to show

我也嘗試在下面使用但沒有運氣

 assert my.generate_payload == expected_payload , '{0} != {1}'.format(my.generate_payload , expected_payload)

Answer 1

嘗試使用mock ：

def example():
    return str(uuid.uuid4())

# in tests...
from unittest import mock

def test_example():
    # static result
    with mock.patch('uuid.uuid4', return_value='test_value'):
        print(example())  # test_value

    # dynamic results
    with mock.patch('uuid.uuid4', side_effect=('one', 'two')):
        print(example())  # one
        print(example())  # two

Answer 2

您可以通過uuid.uuid4()調用從測試中刪除隨機性：

@mock.patch('my.uuid') # mock the uuid module in your IUT
def test_generate_payload(mock_uuid):
    mock_uuid.uuid4.return_value = 'mocked-uuid'  # make the mocked module return a constant string
    expected_payload = {'method': 'POST', 'headers': {'X-Transaction-Id': 'mocked-uuid'}, 'body': {'message': {'messageVersion': 1}}}
    assert my.generate_payload == expected_payload

mock.patch 的文檔