[英]Django create parent model and child model in one form
我正在學習 Python 和 Django,並且我正在嘗試使用表單創建一個配方。 問題是我有兩個模型, Recipe
和RecipeIngredient
,我不知道如何將配方成分添加到表單中,因為它需要配方的主鍵,據我所知,在表單之后才創建密鑰保存了嗎? 那么,當Recipe
尚未初始化時,如何使用Recipe
和RecipeIngredient
創建一個配方?
模型.py:
class Recipe(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='image/', blank=True, null=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=220) # Lasanga
description = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
notes = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
cookTime = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=True)
timeStamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
@property
def title(self):
return self.name
def get_absolute_url(self):
return reverse("recipes:detail", kwargs={"id": self.id}) # recipes is from url.py app_name
def get_hx_url(self):
return reverse("recipes:hx-detail", kwargs={"id": self.id}) # recipes is from url.py app_name
def get_edit_url(self):
return reverse("recipes:update", kwargs={"id": self.id})
def get_image_upload_url(self):
return reverse("recipes:recipe-ingredient-image-upload", kwargs={"parent_id": self.id})
def get_delete_url(self):
return reverse("recipes:delete", kwargs={"id": self.id})
def get_ingredients_children(self):
return self.recipeingredient_set.all()
def get_instruction_children(self):
return self.recipeinstruction_set.all()
class RecipeIngredient(models.Model):
recipe = models.ForeignKey(Recipe, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
name = models.CharField(max_length=220) # grilled chicken pasta
description = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
quantity = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=True)
unit = models.CharField(max_length=50, validators=[validate_unit_of_measure], blank=True, null=True)
instructions = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
timeStamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
def get_absolute_url(self):
return self.recipe.get_absolute_url() # recipe cannot be none
def get_hx_edit_url(self):
kwargs = {
"parent_id": self.recipe.id,
"id": self.id
}
return reverse("recipes:hx-ingredient-detail", kwargs=kwargs)
def get_delete_url(self):
kwargs = {
"parent_id": self.recipe.id,
"id": self.id
}
return reverse("recipes:ingredient-delete", kwargs=kwargs)
視圖.py
@login_required
def recipe_create_view(request):
form = RecipeForm(request.POST or None)
context = {
"form": form,
}
if form.is_valid():
obj = form.save(commit=False)
obj.user = request.user
obj.save()
if request.htmx: # necessary to pass headers from htmx response if we want the django to recognise the htmx change
headers = {
"HX-Redirect": obj.get_absolute_url()
}
return HttpResponse("Created", headers=headers)
# if request.htmx: # could use this but the url doesn't update, stays as create, would need to use HX-Push header & HttpResponse + context somehow
# context = {
# "object": obj
# }
# return render(request, "recipes/partials/detail.html", context)
return redirect(obj.get_absolute_url())
return render(request, "recipes/create.html", context)
@login_required
def recipe_ingredient_update_hx_view(request, parent_id=None, id=None): # this is both create & edit, can create
if not request.htmx:
raise Http404
try:
parent_obj = Recipe.objects.get(id=parent_id, user=request.user)
except:
parent_obj = None
if parent_obj is None:
return HttpResponse("Not Found.")
instance = None
if id is not None:
try:
instance = RecipeIngredient.objects.get(recipe=parent_obj, id=id) # think of this as an object if that helps
except:
instance = None
form = RecipeIngredientForm(request.POST or None, instance=instance)
url = reverse("recipes:hx-ingredient-create", kwargs={"parent_id": parent_obj.id})
if instance:
url = instance.get_hx_edit_url()
context = {
"url": url,
"form": form,
"object": instance
}
if form.is_valid():
new_obj = form.save(commit=False)
if instance is None:
new_obj.recipe = parent_obj
new_obj.save()
context['object'] = new_obj # because it's possible the object/instance in None
return render(request, "recipes/partials/ingredient-inline.html", context)
return render(request, "recipes/partials/ingredient-form.html", context)
表格.py
from django import forms
from .models import Recipe, RecipeIngredient
class RecipeForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Recipe
fields = ['name', 'image', 'description', 'notes', 'cookTime']
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
for field in self.fields:
new_data = {
"placeholder": f"Recipe {str(field)}",
"class": "form-control",
}
self.fields[str(field)].widget.attrs.update(new_data)
class RecipeIngredientForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = RecipeIngredient
fields = ['name', 'quantity', 'unit']
網址.py
from django.urls import path
from .views import (
recipe_list_view,
recipe_delete_view,
recipe_create_view,
recipe_update_view,
recipe_detail_hx_view,
recipe_ingredient_update_hx_view,
recipe_ingredient_delete_view,
recipe_ingredient_image_upload_view,
recipe_ingredient_url_scrape_view
)
app_name='recipes' # allows use of recipes:list as a reverse url call
urlpatterns = [
path('', recipe_list_view, name='list'), # index / home / root
path('create/>', recipe_create_view, name='create'),
path('hx/<int:parent_id>/ingredient/<int:id>', recipe_ingredient_update_hx_view, name='hx-ingredient-detail'), #or detail
path('hx/<int:parent_id>/ingredient/', recipe_ingredient_update_hx_view, name='hx-ingredient-create'),
]
創建.html
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% load crispy_forms_tags %}
{% load static %}
{% block content %}
<div class="container-fluid px-5">
<h1 class="pb-5">Create Recipe</h1>
<div id="recipe-container">
<form action='.' method="POST" hx-post='.'>
{% csrf_token %}
<div class='row'>
<div class="row d-flex pb-5">
<div class="col-12 col-lg-6 justify-content-center d-flex order-first order-lg-last pictureBox"
style="height: 400px; width:450; border: solid tomato 1px;">
<div class="align-self-center">
{{ form.image|as_crispy_field }}
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-12 col-lg-6 order-lg-first">
<div class="pb-3">{{ form.name|as_crispy_field }}</div>
<div class="pb-3">{{ form.description|as_crispy_field }}</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-12 col-md-6">
{{ form.notes|as_crispy_field }}
</div>
<div class="col-12 col-md-6">
{{ form.cookTime |as_crispy_field }}
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='col-12 col-md-4'>
<!-- ADD INGREDIENTS ? -->
</div>
<div class="htmx-indicator">Loading...</div>
<div class="d-flex">
<button class="btn btn-success htmx-inverted-indicator" style='margin-top:10px;' type='submit'>Save</button>
<a class="btn btn-danger" href='{% url "recipes:list" %}'>Delete</a>
</div>
{% if message %}
<p>{{ message }}</p>
{% endif %}
</form>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock content %}
配料表.html
<form action='.' method="POST" hx-post='{% if url %} {{ url }} {% else %} . {{% endif %}' hx-swap='outerHTML'>
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p}}
<div class="htmx-indicator">Loading...</div>
<button class="htmx-inverted-indicator" style='margin-top:10px;' type='submit' >Save</button>
</form>
成分內聯.html
<div class="py-1" id="ingredient-{{object.id}}">
<p>{% if not edit %} <b>{{ object.quantity }} {% if object.unit %} {{ object.unit }} {% endif %}</b> {% else %} {{ object.quantity }} {{ object.unit }} {% endif %} - {{ object.name }}</p>
{% if edit %}
<button class="btn btn-primary" hx-trigger='click' hx-get='{{ object.get_hx_edit_url }}' hx-target="#ingredient-{{object.id}}">Edit</button> <!-- target will replace whole div-->
<button class="btn btn-danger" href='{{ object.get_delete_url }}' hx-post='{{ object.get_delete_url }}' hx-confirm="Are you sure you want to delete {{ object.name }}?" hx-trigger='click' hx-target="#ingredient-{{object.id}}" hx-swap="outerHTML">Delete</button>
{% endif %}
</div>
這個問題的關鍵是使用表單集,因為您可能希望將多種成分保存到配方中。Django 文檔概述了如何使用它們。 您的視圖最終會看起來像下面這樣,允許您保存父模型,這將為您提供父實例/主鍵,然后保存成分。
def recipe_create_view(request):
form = RecipeForm(request.POST or None)
RecipeIngredientFormset = formset_factory(RecipeIngredientForm)
formset = RecipeIngredientFormset(request.POST or None)
context = {
"form": form,
"formset": formset,
}
if request.method == "POST":
if form.is_valid() and formset.is_valid():
parent = form.save(commit=False)
parent.user = request.user
parent.save()
#recipe ingredients
for form in formset:
child = form.save(commit=False)
child.recipe = parent
child.save()
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