ImportError：無法從部分初始化的模塊 Django 導入名稱

Question

我遇到了一個我不知道為什么會發生錯誤的問題，請幫我解決這個錯誤：

錯誤：

ImportError: cannot import name 'User' from partially initialized module 
'authentication.models' (most likely due to a circular import) 
(/app/authentication/models.py)

用戶 model：

from projects.models import Organization

class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
   organization = models.ForeignKey(Organization, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)

此 ^ 導入后發生錯誤

項目型號：

from django.db import models
from authentication.models import User


class Organization(models.Model):
    OWNER = 1
    CONTRACTOR = 2
    DISTRIBUTOR = 3
    MANUFACTURER = 4
    CONSULTANT = 5

    ORG_TYPES = [
        (OWNER, 'Owner'),
        (CONTRACTOR, 'Contractor'),
        (DISTRIBUTOR, 'Distributor'),
        (MANUFACTURER, 'Manufacturer'),
        (CONSULTANT, 'Consultant'),
    ]
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255, default='')
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, null=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, null=True)
    is_active = models.IntegerField(default=1, null=True)
    created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
    org_type = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=ORG_TYPES)
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'organizations'


class Project(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255, default='')
    description = models.CharField(max_length=255, default='')
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, null=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, null=True)
    is_active = models.IntegerField(default=1, null=True)
    created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
    account = models.ManyToManyField(User, related_name='account')
    contractor = models.ForeignKey(Organization, related_name="contractor", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    distributor = models.ForeignKey(Organization, related_name="distributor", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    manufacturer = models.ForeignKey(Organization, related_name="manufacturer", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    consultant = models.ForeignKey(Organization, related_name="consultant", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    owner = models.ForeignKey(Organization, related_name="owner", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'projects'

Answer 1

這是因為您有兩個相互導入的模塊（這就是錯誤所說的意思：“很可能是由於循環導入”）

解決此問題的最簡單方法是將User model 定義與Organization定義放在同一文件中

這也很有意義，因為您的用戶似乎屬於一個組織