Django表格不顯示

Question

我正在嘗試開發一個簡單的 Django 應用程序，其中包含聯系表格和感謝頁面。 我根本沒有使用 Django 'admin'； 也沒有數據庫。 Django 3.2.12。 我正在使用python manage.py runserver在本地主機上工作

我無法在http://127.0.0.1:8000/contact/contact顯示實際表格； 我所看到的只是/contact/contactform/templates/contact.html中的提交按鈕：

Static 文件加載正常： http://127.0.0.1:8000/static/css/bootstrap.css

thanks.html 頁面加載正常： http://127.0.0.1:8000/contact/thanks

這是目錄結構：

/聯系人/聯系人/settings.py

import os
from pathlib import Path
from dotenv import load_dotenv
load_dotenv()

DEBUG=True

BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['127.0.0.1'] + os.getenv('REMOTE_HOST').split(',')

SECRET_KEY = os.getenv('SECRET_KEY')
EMAIL_USE_TLS = os.getenv('EMAIL_USE_TLS')
EMAIL_HOST = os.getenv('EMAIL_HOST')
EMAIL_PORT = os.getenv('EMAIL_PORT')
EMAIL_HOST_USER = os.getenv('EMAIL_HOST_USER')
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = os.getenv('EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD')


INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'contactform.apps.ContactformConfig',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'contact.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'contact.wsgi.application'


AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]



LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'static/'

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

/聯系人/聯系人/urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

from django.urls import include
urlpatterns += [
    path('contact/', include('contactform.urls')),
]

from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)

/聯系方式/聯系方式/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'contactform'

urlpatterns = [
    path('thanks/', views.thanks, name='thanks'),
    path('contact/', views.contact, name='contact'),
]

/聯系方式/聯系方式/views.py

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404

from contactform.forms import ContactForm
from contact.settings import EMAIL_HOST_USER, EMAIL_PORT, EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD, EMAIL_HOST

def thanks(request):
    return render(request, 'thanks.html', {})

def contact(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ContactForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form_data = form.cleaned_data
            msg = MIMEMultipart()
            msg['From'] = EMAIL_HOST_USER
            msg['To'] = EMAIL_HOST_USER
            msg['Subject'] = f'Personal site: {form_data["subject"]}'
            message = f'Name: {form_data["name"]}\n' \
                      f'Email address: {form_data["email_address"]}\n\n' \
                      f'{form_data["message"]}'
            msg.attach(MIMEText(message))
            with smtplib.SMTP(EMAIL_HOST, EMAIL_PORT) as server:
                server.ehlo()
                server.starttls()
                server.login(EMAIL_HOST_USER, EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD)
                server.sendmail(EMAIL_HOST_USER, EMAIL_HOST_USER, msg.as_string())
            return HttpResponseRedirect('/thanks')
    else:
        form = ContactForm()

    return render(request, 'contact.html')

/聯系人/聯系表/models.py

from django.urls import reverse

/聯系方式/聯系方式/apps.py

from django.apps import AppConfig

class ContactformConfig(AppConfig):
    default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
    name = 'contactform'

/聯系方式/聯系方式/forms.py

from django import forms

class ContactForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(required=True, widget=forms.TextInput(
        attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'maxlength': '100'}
    ))
    email_address = forms.EmailField(required=True, widget=forms.EmailInput(
        attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'maxlength': '100'}
    ))
    subject = forms.CharField(required=True, widget=forms.TextInput(
        attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'maxlength': '100'}
    ))
    message = forms.CharField(required=True, widget=forms.Textarea(
        attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'maxlength': '1000', 'rows': 8}
    ))

/聯系人/聯系人表格/模板/聯系人.html

<h2>Form</h2>
    <form action="/contact/" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {{ form.as_p }}
        <button type="submit">Send</button>
    </form>

---

更新 2/20/22

這個 views.py 現在可以工作並顯示聯系表； 剩下的問題是當表單完成時，重定向到感謝頁面會拋出 404。

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

from django.shortcuts import redirect
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404

from contactform.forms import ContactForm
from contact.settings import EMAIL_HOST_USER, EMAIL_PORT, EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD, EMAIL_HOST

def thanks(request):
    return render(request, 'thanks.html', {})

def contact(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ContactForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form_data = form.cleaned_data
            msg = MIMEMultipart()
            msg['From'] = EMAIL_HOST_USER
            msg['To'] = EMAIL_HOST_USER
            msg['Subject'] = f'Site Email'
            message = f'Name: {form_data["name"]}\n' \
                      f'Email address: {form_data["email_address"]}\n\n' \
                      f'{form_data["message"]}'
            msg.attach(MIMEText(message))
            with smtplib.SMTP(EMAIL_HOST, EMAIL_PORT) as server:
                server.ehlo()
                server.starttls()
                server.login(EMAIL_HOST_USER, EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD)
                server.sendmail(EMAIL_HOST_USER, EMAIL_HOST_USER, msg.as_string())
            return redirect('contactform:thanks')
    else:
        form = ContactForm()

    return render(request, 'contact.html', { "form": form })

錯誤屏幕：

Answer 1

form不會顯示，因為您沒有將其傳遞到模板中。 您可以在contact視圖中執行此操作：

return render(request, 'contact.html', {
     'form': form
})

編輯：
如果您'return' outside function ，您可以在您的contact視圖中執行此操作。

def contact(request):
    form = ContactForm() # Before if condition

您可以刪除else條件。

編輯 2：
這應該是您的contact視圖。

def contact(request):
    form = ContactForm()
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ContactForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form_data = form.cleaned_data
            msg = MIMEMultipart()
            msg['From'] = EMAIL_HOST_USER
            msg['To'] = EMAIL_HOST_USER
            msg['Subject'] = f'Personal site {form_data["subject"]}'
            message = f'Name: {form_data["name"]}\n' \
                  f'Email address: {form_data["email_address"]}\n\n' \
                  f'{form_data["message"]}'
            msg.attach(MIMEText(message))
            with smtplib.SMTP(EMAIL_HOST, EMAIL_PORT) as server:
                server.ehlo()
                server.starttls()
                server.login(EMAIL_HOST_USER, EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD)
                server.sendmail(EMAIL_HOST_USER, EMAIL_HOST_USER, msg.as_string())
            return HttpResponseRedirect('/thanks')
        else:
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('contactform:contact'))

    return render(request, 'contact.html', {
        'form': form
    })

Answer 2

之后，您在Update 2/20/22更新了項目

您忘記在url_patterns列表中注冊contactform應用程序的默認path 。

你的/contact/contact/urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

from django.urls import include
urlpatterns += [
    path('contact/', include('contactform.urls')),
]

from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)

它應該是：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include('contactform.urls'))
]

from django.urls import include
urlpatterns += [
    path('contact/', include('contactform.urls')),
]

from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)

試試這個，看看它是否有效？

您必須在主項目的urls.py中添加path('', include('contactform.urls')) 。

因為，如果我們通過非常簡單的測試和通過以下代碼更新views.py來刪除所有內容：

/聯系方式/聯系方式/views.py

from contactform.forms import ContactForm
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render

def contact(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ContactForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form_data = form.cleaned_data

            return HttpResponseRedirect('/thanks/')
    else:
        form = ContactForm()
    return render(request, 'contact.html', {'form': form})


def thanks(req):
    return render(req, 'thanks.html')

上面的代碼非常有效。所以，我得出的結論是它會起作用。

試試吧。

還有一件事，我想關注的是，在制作模板文件時始終使用以下模式。

應用名稱/模板/應用名稱/anyfile.html

就像你的情況一樣：

contactform/templates/contactform/contact.html

您錯過了templates之后的第三步，這不是必需的，但如果您這樣做是一個很好的做法。

在您的views.py中重定向/您也忘記了。

它應該是return HttpResponseRedirect('/thanks/')而不是return HttpResponseRedirect ('/thanks')

另外，刪除表單的action屬性，以便它可以通過 HttpResponseRedirect () 方法重定向。

Answer 3

您的表單操作需要指向

<form action="/contact/contact/"....

或更好

<form action="{% url 'contactform:contact' %}" ...)

Answer 4

您的 Django 表單不會顯示，因為您沒有將表單傳遞給 html 模板。 你必須通過它。

return render(request, 'contact.html','form':form)

試試這個，它應該可以工作：

def contact(request):
    form = ContactForm()
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ContactForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form_data = form.cleaned_data
            msg = MIMEMultipart()
            msg['From'] = EMAIL_HOST_USER
            msg['To'] = EMAIL_HOST_USER
            msg['Subject'] = f'Personal site {form_data["subject"]}'
            message = f'Name: {form_data["name"]}\n' \
                  f'Email address: {form_data["email_address"]}\n\n' \
                  f'{form_data["message"]}'
            msg.attach(MIMEText(message))
            with smtplib.SMTP(EMAIL_HOST, EMAIL_PORT) as server:
                server.ehlo()
                server.starttls()
                server.login(EMAIL_HOST_USER, EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD)
                server.sendmail(EMAIL_HOST_USER, EMAIL_HOST_USER, msg.as_string())
            return HttpResponseRedirect('/thanks')
        else:
            return HttpResponseRedirect('contactform:contact')

    return render(request, 'contact.html','form':form)

forms.py

from django import forms
from .models import *

class ContactForm(forms.ModelForm):
      class Meta:
        model = your_model_name
        fields = '__all__'