[英]C++: bit-fields not works correctley with 1-bit fields
我已經編寫了代碼來保存一些數據,其結構類似於 CIOParams_b_t(請參閱聲明)以歸檔和加載它們。 數字字段(> 1 位)從文件中成功加載,但是 boolean 字段(1 位)加載有錯誤,可能是錯誤的。
保存數據程序:
//...
std::ofstream file;
file.open(path, std::fstream::out|std::ios::binary|std::ofstream::trunc);
//...
union {
CIOParams_b_t params_b_t;
char raw[6];
} p_data;
p_data.params_b_t.scr_width = params.scr_width;
p_data.params_b_t.scr_hight = params.scr_hight;
p_data.params_b_t.bits = static_cast<int>(params.bits);
p_data.params_b_t.brightness = params.brightness;
p_data.params_b_t.contrast = params.contrast;
p_data.params_b_t.fullscr = getFlag(params.flags, FLAG_FULLSCREEN)?1:0;
p_data.params_b_t.vsync = getFlag(params.flags, FLAG_VSYNC)?1:0;
p_data.params_b_t.mipmap = getFlag(params.flags, FLAG_MIPMAP)?1:0;
p_data.params_b_t.skybox = getFlag(params.flags, FLAG_SKYBOX)?1:0;
file.write(p_data.raw, 6);
//...
加載數據過程:
//...
std::ifstream file(path);
//...
union {
CIOParams_b_t params_b_t;
char raw[6];
} p_data;
file.read(p_data.raw, 6);
retVal.scr_width = p_data.params_b_t.scr_width;
retVal.scr_hight = p_data.params_b_t.scr_hight;
retVal.bits = static_cast<CIOParams::cbits>(p_data.params_b_t.bits);
retVal.brightness = p_data.params_b_t.brightness;
retVal.contrast = p_data.params_b_t.contrast;
setFlag(&retVal.flags, FLAG_FULLSCREEN, p_data.params_b_t.fullscr==1?true:false);
setFlag(&retVal.flags, FLAG_VSYNC, p_data.params_b_t.vsync==1?true:false);
setFlag(&retVal.flags, FLAG_MIPMAP, p_data.params_b_t.mipmap==1?true:false);
setFlag(&retVal.flags, FLAG_SKYBOX, p_data.params_b_t.skybox==1?true:false);
file.close();
//...
結構聲明:
struct CIOParams
{
unsigned short int scr_width;
unsigned short int scr_hight;
unsigned char brightness;
unsigned char contrast;
enum cbits
{
b8 = 0,
b16,
b32,
b64
} bits;
unsigned char flags;
bool hasError = false;
};
struct CIOParams_b_t
{
unsigned scr_width : 10;
unsigned scr_hight : 10;
unsigned bits : 2;
unsigned fullscr : 1;
unsigned vsync : 1;
unsigned brightness : 8;
unsigned contrast : 8;
unsigned mipmap : 1;
unsigned skybox : 1;
unsigned __unused : 6;
};
注意:函數 setFlag 和 getFlag 運行成功。 無論如何,他們在單元測試中表現良好。
問題來自字節邊界的填充。 所以,您認為您的“CIOParams_b_t”類型是 6 個字節長。 但這並不能保證。 在我的環境中,編譯器將其填充為 8 字節長度:
#include <iostream>
struct CIOParams_b_t
{
unsigned scr_width : 10;
unsigned scr_hight : 10;
unsigned bits : 2;
unsigned fullscr : 1;
unsigned vsync : 1;
unsigned brightness : 8;
unsigned contrast : 8;
unsigned mipmap : 1;
unsigned skybox : 1;
unsigned __unused : 6;
};
int main() {
CIOParams_b_t c;
std::cout << sizeof(c) << '\n';
}
那你的function當然不行了。
您現在可能有嘗試使用 8 個字節的想法,它可能會奏效。 但這不是正確的解決方案。
您需要的是所謂的序列化。 有許多免費的即用型庫。 但是對於您的少量數據,您也可以簡單地為您的 class 覆蓋插入器<<
和提取>>
運算符。
簡短示例:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
struct CIOParams_b_t
{
unsigned scr_width : 10;
unsigned scr_hight : 10;
unsigned bits : 2;
unsigned fullscr : 1;
unsigned vsync : 1;
unsigned brightness : 8;
unsigned contrast : 8;
unsigned mipmap : 1;
unsigned skybox : 1;
unsigned __unused : 6;
friend std::istream& operator >> (std::istream& is, CIOParams_b_t& c) {
unsigned tmp;
is >> tmp; c.scr_width = tmp;
is >> tmp; c.scr_hight = tmp;
is >> tmp; c.bits = tmp;
is >> tmp; c.fullscr = tmp;
is >> tmp; c.vsync = tmp;
is >> tmp; c.brightness = tmp;
is >> tmp; c.contrast = tmp;
is >> tmp; c.mipmap = tmp;
is >> tmp; c.skybox = tmp;
return is;
}
friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, const CIOParams_b_t& c) {
return os << c.scr_width << '\n' << c.scr_hight << '\n' << c.bits << '\n' << c.fullscr << '\n' << c.vsync << '\n'
<< c.brightness << '\n' << c.contrast << '\n' << c.mipmap << '\n' << c.skybox << '\n';
}
};
const std::string fileName{ "tmp.txt" };
int main() {
CIOParams_b_t c1{1,3,3,0,1,4,5,0,1,0};
if (std::ofstream outFileStream{ fileName }; outFileStream)
outFileStream << c1;
else
std::cerr << "\nError: Could not open '" << fileName << "' for writing\n";
if (std::ifstream inFileStream{ fileName }; inFileStream) {
CIOParams_b_t c2{};
inFileStream >> c2;
std::cout << c2;
}
else
std::cerr << "\nError: Could not open '" << fileName << "' for reading\n";
}
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