使用 Spring-Boot 進行 flyway 遷移后，Hibernate 無法驗證內存中的 h2 數據庫

Question

Hibernate 無法驗證由 flyway 遷移創建的數據庫模式。 （數據庫遷移腳本是正確的）這是因為內存H2數據庫嗎？ 它幾乎看起來像休眠連接到不同的數據庫而不是flyway。

重現步驟：

使用 h2、flyway 和 jpa (hibernate) 創建 spring-boot 項目。

應用程序屬性：

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:flyway_db
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.h2.Driver
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=validate
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
spring.flyway.baseline-on-migrate=true
spring.flyway.url=jdbc:h2:mem:flyway_db

示例實體：

@Entity
@Table(name = "test_entity")
public class TestEntity {

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(final int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getDesc() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDesc(final String desc) {
        this.description = desc;
    }

    @Id
    private int id;
    private String description;
}

V1__init.sql 腳本：

CREATE TABLE test_entity
(
    id INTEGER,
    description VARCHAR(255),
    PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

預期應用程序運行失敗：完整日志：

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.6.6)

2022-05-20 12:53:54.920  INFO 10104 --- [           main] flyway_hibernate_h2.test.Application     : Starting Application using Java 11.0.15 on cfe484487b08d045fbee329048f51788 with PID 10104 (/home/gitrow/eclipse-workspace-new/spring.flyway_hibernate_h2.test/target/classes started by gitrow in /home/gitrow/eclipse-workspace-new/spring.flyway_hibernate_h2.test)
2022-05-20 12:53:54.926  INFO 10104 --- [           main] flyway_hibernate_h2.test.Application     : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2022-05-20 12:53:55.594  INFO 10104 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data JPA repositories in DEFAULT mode.
2022-05-20 12:53:55.613  INFO 10104 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 4 ms. Found 0 JPA repository interfaces.
2022-05-20 12:53:56.163  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.f.c.internal.license.VersionPrinter    : Flyway Community Edition 8.0.5 by Redgate
2022-05-20 12:53:56.164  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.f.c.i.database.base.BaseDatabaseType   : Database: jdbc:h2:mem:flyway_db (H2 1.4)
2022-05-20 12:53:56.241  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.f.core.internal.command.DbValidate     : Successfully validated 1 migration (execution time 00:00.027s)
2022-05-20 12:53:56.263  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.f.c.i.s.JdbcTableSchemaHistory         : Creating Schema History table "PUBLIC"."flyway_schema_history" ...
2022-05-20 12:53:56.337  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.f.core.internal.command.DbMigrate      : Current version of schema "PUBLIC": << Empty Schema >>
2022-05-20 12:53:56.344  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.f.core.internal.command.DbMigrate      : Migrating schema "PUBLIC" to version "1 - init"
2022-05-20 12:53:56.381  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.f.core.internal.command.DbMigrate      : Successfully applied 1 migration to schema "PUBLIC", now at version v1 (execution time 00:00.054s)
2022-05-20 12:53:56.517  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper  : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [name: default]
2022-05-20 12:53:56.558  INFO 10104 --- [           main] org.hibernate.Version                    : HHH000412: Hibernate ORM core version 5.6.7.Final
2022-05-20 12:53:56.736  INFO 10104 --- [           main] o.hibernate.annotations.common.Version   : HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.1.2.Final}
2022-05-20 12:53:56.832  INFO 10104 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2022-05-20 12:53:56.854  INFO 10104 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
2022-05-20 12:53:56.874  INFO 10104 --- [           main] org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect            : HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
2022-05-20 12:53:57.385 ERROR 10104 --- [           main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Failed to initialize JPA EntityManagerFactory: [PersistenceUnit: default] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory; nested exception is org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementException: Schema-validation: missing table [test_entity]
2022-05-20 12:53:57.386  WARN 10104 --- [           main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/orm/jpa/HibernateJpaConfiguration.class]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: default] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory; nested exception is org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementException: Schema-validation: missing table [test_entity]
2022-05-20 12:53:57.386  INFO 10104 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown initiated...
2022-05-20 12:53:57.393  INFO 10104 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown completed.
2022-05-20 12:53:57.402  INFO 10104 --- [           main] ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener : 

Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the conditions report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled.
2022-05-20 12:53:57.427 ERROR 10104 --- [           main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Application run failed

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/orm/jpa/HibernateJpaConfiguration.class]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: default] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory; nested exception is org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementException: Schema-validation: missing table [test_entity]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1804) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:620) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1154) ~[spring-context-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:908) ~[spring-context-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:583) ~[spring-context-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:740) ~[spring-boot-2.6.6.jar:2.6.6]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:415) ~[spring-boot-2.6.6.jar:2.6.6]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:303) ~[spring-boot-2.6.6.jar:2.6.6]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1312) ~[spring-boot-2.6.6.jar:2.6.6]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1301) ~[spring-boot-2.6.6.jar:2.6.6]
    at flyway_hibernate_h2.test.Application.main(Application.java:10) ~[classes/:na]
Caused by: javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: default] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory; nested exception is org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementException: Schema-validation: missing table [test_entity]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:421) ~[spring-orm-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:396) ~[spring-orm-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:341) ~[spring-orm-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1863) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1800) ~[spring-beans-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    ... 15 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementException: Schema-validation: missing table [test_entity]
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.AbstractSchemaValidator.validateTable(AbstractSchemaValidator.java:129) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.GroupedSchemaValidatorImpl.validateTables(GroupedSchemaValidatorImpl.java:42) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.AbstractSchemaValidator.performValidation(AbstractSchemaValidator.java:97) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.AbstractSchemaValidator.doValidation(AbstractSchemaValidator.java:76) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.performDatabaseAction(SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.java:204) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.process(SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.java:85) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl.<init>(SessionFactoryImpl.java:335) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.build(SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.java:471) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:1498) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.7.Final.jar:5.6.7.Final]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.java:58) ~[spring-orm-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:365) ~[spring-orm-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:409) ~[spring-orm-5.3.18.jar:5.3.18]
    ... 19 common frames omitted

我嘗試了什么：在內存數據庫中顯式命名，為數據源和飛行路徑顯式命名架構。

Answer 1

如問題下方的評論中所述，可以通過從屬性文件中刪除屬性spring.flyway.url來解決問題。

如果未設置該屬性，則 Spring Boot 將使用主DataSource配置 Flyway，或者，如果存在，則使用@FlywayDataSource注釋的DataSource 。 存在屬性spring.flyway.url以使用具體連接字符串覆蓋此選擇過程。 相關代碼可以在FlywayAutoConfiguration類中找到。

在 H2 的特定情況下，覆蓋連接字符串會導致 H2 數據庫在事務后不會保持打開狀態，除非連接字符串包含指示它這樣做的標志。 這解釋了問題中的觀察結果，即 Flyway 針對隨后關閉的數據庫運行，然后 Hibernate 連接到一個全新的 H2 實例。

這遵循了 Spring Boot 的通常模式及其自動配置的理念。 自動配置旨在不干涉工作並由僅在類路徑上的事物觸發。 因此，對於它的許多功能，不需要任何屬性或代碼來啟用它們。

同時，Spring Boot 只能使用合理的默認值或啟發式方法來決定在哪些情況下應該配置什么自動配置。 因此，Spring Boot 帶有擴展點和標志，如果它沒有做正確的事情，它可以讓自動配置輕松退出。 屬性spring.flyway.url是這些標志之一。