[英]How to save a tkinter canvas as an image
我想將我的繪圖保存在 tkinter 畫布上作為圖像,以便我可以打開它以供以后使用。 我目前使用這篇文章中的這個保存系統,但這對我來說不是一個好方法。 首先,我需要添加一個偏移量,其次,如果我設置應用程序,那么實際上只有畫布的某些部分是可見的,而在保存圖像時,畫布不可見的部分會顯示為黑色。
實際上只有畫布的一部分是可見的。 如果我打開保存的圖像,這就是它的樣子 只有可見的東西實際上是存在的(整個圖像在保存之前是黃色的)。
保存圖像的代碼。
def save(widget(canvas), filelocation):
x=root.winfo_rootx()+widget.winfo_x() + 74
y=root.winfo_rooty()+widget.winfo_y() + 109
x1=x+widget.winfo_width()
y1=y+widget.winfo_height()
ImageGrab.grab().crop((x,y,x1,y1)).save(filelocation)
主意
從這篇文章閱讀后,它解釋說我可以重新創建我在畫布上繪制的所有東西。 所以我的想法是把我畫的所有東西都放在畫布上,比如我在一個不可見的圖層上創建的線條,然后將它粘貼到圖像上。 但是我不知道這是否可能(可能使用PIL
、 numpy
或cv2
)
代碼(最小可重現)
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import colorchooser, Canvas, N
from tkinter.ttk import *
from PIL import Image, ImageTk, ImageGrab
import keyboard
def save(widget, filelocation):
x=root.winfo_rootx()+widget.winfo_x()
y=root.winfo_rooty()+widget.winfo_y()
x1=x+widget.winfo_width()
y1=y+widget.winfo_height()
ImageGrab.grab().crop((x,y,x1,y1)).save(filelocation)
def type_of(color):
type_pen = 'marker'
if type_pen == 'marker':
pencil_motion_marker(color = color)
#pixel pen
def pencil_motion_marker(color):
stage.bind('<Button-1>', get_pos_marker)
stage.bind('<B1-Motion>', lambda event, color = color: pencil_draw_marker(event, color))
def get_pos_marker(event):
global lastx, lasty
lastx, lasty = event.x, event.y
def pencil_draw_marker(event, color):
stage.create_line((lastx, lasty, event.x, event.y), width = width.get(), fill = color, capstyle = 'round')
get_pos_marker(event)
def choose_pen_color():
pencilcolor = colorchooser.askcolor(title = 'Pencil Color')
type_of(pencilcolor[1])
##
def pencil_click():
global width, opacity
Whitepencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Whitepencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'White': type_of(m))
Whitepencolb.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Redpencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Redpencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Red': type_of(m))
Redpencolb.grid(row = 1, column = 0, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Magentapencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Magentapencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Magenta': type_of(m))
Magentapencolb.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Limegreenpencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Limegreenpencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Lime': type_of(m))
Limegreenpencolb.grid(row = 1, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Greenpencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Greenpencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Green': type_of(m))
Greenpencolb.grid(row = 0, column = 2, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Bluepencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Bluepencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Blue': type_of(m))
Bluepencolb.grid(row = 1, column = 2, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Cyanpencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Cyanpencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Cyan': type_of(m))
Cyanpencolb.grid(row = 0, column = 3, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Yellowpencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Yellowpencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Yellow': type_of(m))
Yellowpencolb.grid(row = 1, column = 3, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Orangepencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Orangepencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Orange': type_of(m))
Orangepencolb.grid(row = 0, column = 4, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Graypencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Graypencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Gray': type_of(m))
Graypencolb.grid(row = 1, column = 4, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Blackpencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Blackpencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Black': type_of(m))
Blackpencolb.grid(row = 0, column = 5, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Createnewpencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Createnewpencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = choose_pen_color)
Createnewpencolb.grid(row = 1, column = 5, padx = 10, pady = 1)
widthlabel = Label(optionsframe, text = 'Width: ', style = 'LABELBG.TLabel')
width = Scale(optionsframe, from_ = 1, to = 20, style = 'SCALEBG.Horizontal.TScale')
widthlabel.grid(row = 0, column = 6)
width.grid(row = 0, column = 7)
width.set(20)
opacitylabel = Label(optionsframe, text = 'Opacity: ', style = 'LABELBG.TLabel')
opacity = Scale(optionsframe, from_ = 0, to = 1.0, style = 'SCALEBG.Horizontal.TScale')
opacitylabel.grid(row = 1, column = 6)
opacity.grid(row = 1, column = 7)
opacity.set(1.0)
def setup(filelocation):
global stage, img_id, optionsframe, draw
for widgets in root.winfo_children():
widgets.destroy()
root.config(bg = '#454545')
iconsframewidth = int(screen_width / 20)
frames = Style()
frames.configure('FRAMES.TFrame', background = '#2a2a2a')
sep = Style()
sep.configure('SEP.TFrame', background = '#1a1a1a')
style = Style()
style.configure('STAGE.TFrame', background = '#454545')
icon = Style()
icon.configure('ICON.TButton', background = '#2a2a2a', foreground = '#2a2a2a')
iconsframe = Frame(root, width = iconsframewidth, style = 'FRAMES.TFrame')
iconsframe.pack(side = 'left', expand = False, fill = 'y')
iconsframe.pack_propagate(0)
sep1frame = Frame(root, style = 'SEP.TFrame', width = 5)
sep1frame.pack(side = 'left', expand = False, fill = 'y')
optionsframe = Frame(root, style = 'FRAMES.TFrame', height = 100)
optionsframe.pack(side = 'top', expand = False, fill = 'x')
optionsframe.pack_propagate(0)
sep2frame = Frame(root, style = 'SEP.TFrame', height = 5)
sep2frame.pack(side = 'top', expand = False, fill = 'x')
propertyframe = Frame(root, style = 'FRAMES.TFrame', width = 150)
propertyframe.pack(side = 'right', expand = False, fill = 'y')
propertyframe.pack_propagate(0)
sep3frame = Frame(root, style = 'SEP.TFrame', width = 5)
sep3frame.pack(side = 'right', expand = False, fill = 'y')
stageframe = Frame(root, style = 'STAGE.TFrame')
stageframe.pack(side = 'top', expand = True, fill = 'both')
stageframe.pack_propagate(0)
image = Image.open(filelocation)
width, height = image.size
stage = Canvas(stageframe, width = width, height = height)
stage.pack(side="top", anchor = 'c', expand=True)
root.update()
keyboard.add_hotkey("ctrl+s", lambda widget = stage, filelocation = filelocation: save(widget, filelocation))
pencilbutton = Button(iconsframe, text = 'pencilimg', command = pencil_click, style = 'ICON.TButton')
pencilbutton.pack(anchor = N, pady = 10)
imgtk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(filelocation))
img_id = stage.create_image(stage.winfo_width() / 2, stage.winfo_height() / 2, image = imgtk)
stage.image = imgtk
root = tk.Tk()
root.title('App')
screen_width = root.winfo_screenwidth()
screen_height = root.winfo_screenheight()
w = 1150
h = 600
x = (screen_width / 2) - (w / 2)
y = (screen_height / 2) - (h / 2)
root.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (w, h, x, y))
root.minsize(1150, 600)
setup('Test.png')
root.mainloop()
圖片
小問題
回復@Claudio:我現在正在使用屏幕截圖技術將 Canvas 作為圖像保存到文件中。 我注意到保存的畫布圖像在角落看起來像這樣 保存並重新打開圖像后,它看起來像這樣
(畫布的邊框增加了畫布圖像的大小)。
更新 2. 2022 年 6 月:已接受答案中提供的更新代碼解決了小問題。
如何將 tkinter Canvas 圖形保存為圖像?
tkinter 似乎沒有提供直接的方法來獲取 Canvas 圖形的圖像以將其保存到圖像文件中,這似乎是一個事實。 有兩種方法可以解決這個問題,只需要導入 Python PIL 模塊(Pillow)。
其中一種方法是在 Canvas 區域執行繪畫的屏幕截圖,這可以使用PIL.ImageGrab.grab()
或任何其他執行(裁剪)屏幕截圖並將它們保存到圖像文件的各種方法來完成(參見例如Python 屏幕一小部分的快速屏幕截圖,用於 Python 屏幕截圖模塊,速度足夠快,可以在 Canvas 上制作進度繪畫的視頻)。
另一種方法是在 Python PIL 圖像上繪畫,使用修改后的 PIL 圖像更新 tkinter Canvas,然后使用可用於保存 PIL 圖像對象的.save()
方法將其保存到文件中。
如果save()
同時使用 Frame ( stageframe
) 和 Canvas ( stage
) 小部件來獲取正確的 x,y 值以裁剪屏幕截圖,則問題中提供的代碼通常按預期工作,以防 Canvas 放置在如果用於裁剪屏幕截圖的邊界框考慮到 tkinter Canvas 小部件大小包括 Canvas 邊框和 Canvas 高亮邊框,則框架和。
下面的代碼是問題中提供的代碼,帶有一些添加的注釋和適當的修改。 它不需要鍵盤模塊,並通過單擊由pencilbutton
pencil_click()
函數處理的最左上角鉛筆按鈕將修改后的Canvas 保存為圖像文件。 它提供了將 tkinter Canvas 的圖形保存到圖像文件的兩種方法。 通過為全局method
變量( method = 'screenshot'
或method = 'imagepaint'
)分配適當的值來選擇其中之一:
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/72459847/how-to-save-a-tkinter-canvas-as-an-image
from tkinter import Tk, colorchooser, Canvas, N, PhotoImage
from tkinter.ttk import Style, Frame, Button, Label, Scale
from PIL import Image, ImageTk # required to load images in tkinter
# method = 'screenshot' or 'imagepaint'
method = 'screenshot'
borderthickness_bd = 2
highlightthickness = 1
if method == 'imagepaint':
from PIL import ImageDraw # required to draw on the image
if method == 'screenshot':
from PIL import ImageGrab # required for the screenshot
filelocation = 'Test.png'
savelocation = 'Test_.png'
def save(stageframe, stage, savelocation):
if method == 'imagepaint':
global image
image.save(savelocation)
if method == 'screenshot':
global borderthickness_bd, highlightthickness
brdt = borderthickness_bd + highlightthickness
# +1 and -2 because of thicknesses of Canvas borders (bd-border and highlight-border):
x=root.winfo_rootx()+stageframe.winfo_x()+stage.winfo_x() +1*brdt
y=root.winfo_rooty()+stageframe.winfo_y()+stage.winfo_y() +1*brdt
x1=x+stage.winfo_width() -2*brdt
y1=y+stage.winfo_height()-2*brdt
ImageGrab.grab().crop((x,y,x1,y1)).save(savelocation)
def type_of(color):
type_pen = 'marker'
if type_pen == 'marker':
pencil_motion_marker(color = color)
#pixel pen
def pencil_motion_marker(color):
stage.bind('<Button-1>' , get_pos_marker)
stage.bind('<B1-Motion>', lambda event, color = color: pencil_draw_marker(event, color))
def get_pos_marker(event):
global lastx, lasty
lastx, lasty = event.x, event.y
def pencil_draw_marker(event, color):
global method, lastx, lasty, draw, image, img_id
# print( (lastx, lasty, event.x, event.y), color, int(width.get()) )
if method == 'screenshot':
stage.create_line((lastx, lasty, event.x, event.y), width = width.get(), fill = color, capstyle = 'round')
get_pos_marker(event)
if method == 'imagepaint':
w12 = int(width.get()/2)
draw.ellipse( (event.x-w12, event.y-w12, event.x+w12, event.y+w12), fill=color )
imgtk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image)
stage.itemconfig(img_id, image=imgtk)
stage.image = imgtk
def choose_pen_color():
pencilcolor = colorchooser.askcolor(title = 'Pencil Color')
type_of(pencilcolor[1])
##
def pencil_click():
global width, opacity, stageframe, stage, savelocation
# imgToSave = stage.image # gives a PhotoImage object
# imgToSave._PhotoImage__photo.write("Test.gif", format='gif') # which can be saved, but ...
# ^--- ... with no painting done on Canvas - only the image.
save(stageframe, stage, savelocation)
Whitepencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Whitepencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'White': type_of(m))
Whitepencolb.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Redpencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Redpencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Red': type_of(m))
Redpencolb.grid(row = 1, column = 0, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Magentapencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Magentapencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Magenta': type_of(m))
Magentapencolb.grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Limegreenpencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Limegreenpencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Lime': type_of(m))
Limegreenpencolb.grid(row = 1, column = 1, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Greenpencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Greenpencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Green': type_of(m))
Greenpencolb.grid(row = 0, column = 2, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Bluepencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Bluepencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Blue': type_of(m))
Bluepencolb.grid(row = 1, column = 2, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Cyanpencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Cyanpencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Cyan': type_of(m))
Cyanpencolb.grid(row = 0, column = 3, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Yellowpencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Yellowpencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Yellow': type_of(m))
Yellowpencolb.grid(row = 1, column = 3, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Orangepencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Orangepencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Orange': type_of(m))
Orangepencolb.grid(row = 0, column = 4, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Graypencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Graypencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Gray': type_of(m))
Graypencolb.grid(row = 1, column = 4, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Blackpencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Blackpencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = lambda m = 'Black': type_of(m))
Blackpencolb.grid(row = 0, column = 5, padx = 10, pady = 1)
Createnewpencolb = Button(optionsframe, text = 'Createnewpencolimg', style = 'COLBG.TButton', command = choose_pen_color)
Createnewpencolb.grid(row = 1, column = 5, padx = 10, pady = 1)
widthlabel = Label(optionsframe, text = 'Width: ', style = 'LABELBG.TLabel')
width = Scale(optionsframe, from_ = 1, to = 100, style = 'SCALEBG.Horizontal.TScale')
widthlabel.grid(row = 0, column = 6)
width.grid(row = 0, column = 7)
width.set(20)
opacitylabel = Label(optionsframe, text = 'Opacity: ', style = 'LABELBG.TLabel')
opacity = Scale(optionsframe, from_ = 0, to = 1.0, style = 'SCALEBG.Horizontal.TScale')
opacitylabel.grid(row = 1, column = 6)
opacity.grid(row = 1, column = 7)
opacity.set(1.0)
def setup(filelocation):
global stage, stageframe, img_id, optionsframe, draw, image, img_id, method
global borderthickness_bd, highlightthickness
for widgets in root.winfo_children():
widgets.destroy()
root.config(bg = '#454545')
iconsframewidth = int(screen_width / 20)
frames = Style()
frames.configure('FRAMES.TFrame', background = '#2a2a2a')
sep = Style()
sep.configure('SEP.TFrame', background = '#1a1a1a')
style = Style()
style.configure('STAGE.TFrame', background = '#454545')
icon = Style()
icon.configure('ICON.TButton', background = '#2a2a2a', foreground = '#2a2a2a')
iconsframe = Frame(root, width = iconsframewidth, style = 'FRAMES.TFrame')
iconsframe.pack(side = 'left', expand = False, fill = 'y')
iconsframe.pack_propagate(0)
sep1frame = Frame(root, style = 'SEP.TFrame', width = 5)
sep1frame.pack(side = 'left', expand = False, fill = 'y')
optionsframe = Frame(root, style = 'FRAMES.TFrame', height = 100)
optionsframe.pack(side = 'top', expand = False, fill = 'x')
optionsframe.pack_propagate(0)
sep2frame = Frame(root, style = 'SEP.TFrame', height = 5)
sep2frame.pack(side = 'top', expand = False, fill = 'x')
propertyframe = Frame(root, style = 'FRAMES.TFrame', width = 150)
propertyframe.pack(side = 'right', expand = False, fill = 'y')
propertyframe.pack_propagate(0)
sep3frame = Frame(root, style = 'SEP.TFrame', width = 5)
sep3frame.pack(side = 'right', expand = False, fill = 'y')
stageframe = Frame(root, style = 'STAGE.TFrame')
stageframe.pack(side = 'top', expand = True, fill = 'both')
stageframe.pack_propagate(0)
image = Image.open(filelocation)
width, height = image.size
if method == 'imagepaint':
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
imgtk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image)
# width, height = imgtk._PhotoImage__size
# imgtk = PhotoImage(filelocation)
# ^--- no width, hight information ???
stage = Canvas(stageframe, width = width, height = height, bd=borderthickness_bd, highlightthickness=highlightthickness) # default: bd=2, highlightthickness=1
stage.pack(side="top", anchor = 'c', expand=True)
root.update()
# keyboard.add_hotkey("ctrl+s", lambda widget = stageframe, filelocation = filelocation: save(widget, filelocation))
pencilbutton = Button(iconsframe, text = 'pencilimg', command = pencil_click, style = 'ICON.TButton')
pencilbutton.pack(anchor = N, pady = 10)
img_id = stage.create_image(stage.winfo_width() / 2, stage.winfo_height() / 2, image = imgtk)
stage.image = imgtk
root = Tk()
root.title('App')
screen_width = root.winfo_screenwidth()
screen_height = root.winfo_screenheight()
w = 1150
h = 600
x = (screen_width / 2) - (w / 2)
y = (screen_height / 2) - (h / 2)
root.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (w, h, x, y))
root.minsize(1150, 600)
setup(filelocation)
root.mainloop()
裁剪屏幕截圖作為保存 tkinter Canvas 圖形的一種方式比在更新 tkinter Canvas 的 PIL 圖像上繪畫更可取,因為后者具有減慢圖形速度的副作用,因此繪畫平滑度會受到影響。
要查看如何更改savebutton
pencilbutton
,請查看Python tkinter: error _tkinter.TclError: bad window path name ".!button2"以了解它是如何實現的完畢。
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