Node.js 無法在交互式會話之外找到模塊

Question

我正在運行一個 node:latest 容器，本地磁盤映射到其中，我的項目特定文件所在的位置。 我希望服務器在我從容器外部編輯它們時自動檢測這些文件中的更改 - 這由nodemon模塊提供支持。

大約 2 年前，我上次這樣做時，這曾經工作得很好。 我采用了那個舊項目，對其進行了更新（除了解決嚴重的安全漏洞之外，讓它現在運行顯然是必要的），但它聲稱從命令行運行 node 時找不到nodemon模塊（由容器啟動或手動啟動）。 如果我啟動一個交互式節點會話，在進入容器后，它可以找到模塊。

當容器啟動時，模塊是全新安裝的。 至少就目前而言，一旦問題得到解決，這種情況就會改變。

簡短版本：

# node nodemon version
internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1032
  throw err;
  ^

Error: Cannot find module '/app/nodemon'
    at Function.Module._resolveFilename (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1029:15)
    at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:898:27)
    at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (internal/modules/run_main.js:71:12)
    at internal/main/run_main_module.js:17:47 {
  code: 'MODULE_NOT_FOUND',
  requireStack: []
}

# node
Welcome to Node.js v14.4.0.
Type ".help" for more information.
> nm = require("nodemon")
[Function: nodemon] {
  restart: [Function (anonymous)],
  on: [Function (anonymous)],
  addListener: [Function (anonymous)],
  once: [Function (anonymous)],
  emit: [Function (anonymous)],
  removeAllListeners: [Function (anonymous)],
  reset: [Function (anonymous)],
  config: {
    run: false,
    system: { cwd: '/app' },
    required: true,
    dirs: [],
    timeout: 1000,
    options: {},
    load: [Function (anonymous)],
    reset: [Function: reset]
  }
}
> .exit

長版本，帶有完整性檢查...所有命令都從容器內部運行，在通過 docker-compose.yml 掛載的本地目錄中：

# pwd
/app

# ls
bin  data  node_modules  package-lock.json  package.json  public  routes  server.js  startScript.sh  views

# cat package.json
{
  "name": "app",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "app.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
    "start": "node server.js"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
    "body-parser": "^1.20.0",
    "cookie-parser": "^1.4.6",
    "debug": "^4.3.4",
    "express": "^4.18.1",
    "http-errors": "^2.0.0",
    "jQuery": "^1.7.4",
    "morgan": "^1.10.0",
    "multer": "^1.4.5-lts.1",
    "nodemon": "^2.0.16",
    "pug": "^3.0.2"
  }
}

# export NODE_PATH=/app/node_modules

# echo $NODE_PATH
/app/node_modules

# ls $NODE_PATH
@babel          binary-extensions  color-convert         depd           function-bind         imurmurhash              is-regex           mime-db         on-headers            pug-filters          registry-url    strip-json-comments              url-parse-lax
@sindresorhus   body-parser        color-name            destroy        get-intrinsic         inherits                 is-typedarray      mime-types      once                  pug-lexer            resolve         supports-color                   util-deprecate
@szmarczak      boxen              concat-map            doctypes       get-stream            ini                      is-yarn-global     mimic-response  p-cancelable          pug-linker           responselike    supports-preserve-symlinks-flag  utils-merge
abbrev          brace-expansion    concat-stream         dot-prop       glob-parent           ipaddr.js                isarray            minimatch       package-json          pug-load             safe-buffer     to-fast-properties               vary
accepts         braces             configstore           duplexer3      global-dirs           is-binary-path           jQuery             minimist        parseurl              pug-parser           safer-buffer    to-readable-stream               void-elements
acorn           buffer-from        constantinople        ee-first       got                   is-ci                    js-stringify       mkdirp          path-parse            pug-runtime          semver          to-regex-range                   widest-line
ansi-align      busboy             content-disposition   emoji-regex    graceful-fs           is-core-module           json-buffer        morgan          path-to-regexp        pug-strip-comments   semver-diff     toidentifier                     with
ansi-regex      bytes              content-type          encodeurl      has                   is-expression            jstransformer      ms              picomatch             pug-walk             send            token-stream                     wrap-ansi
ansi-styles     cacheable-request  cookie                end-of-stream  has-flag              is-extglob               keyv               multer          prepend-http          pump                 serve-static    touch                            wrappy
anymatch        call-bind          cookie-parser         escape-goat    has-symbols           is-fullwidth-code-point  latest-version     negotiator      process-nextick-args  pupa                 setprototypeof  type-fest                        write-file-atomic
append-field    camelcase          cookie-signature      escape-html    has-tostringtag       is-glob                  lowercase-keys     nodemon         promise               qs                   side-channel    type-is                          xdg-basedir
array-flatten   chalk              core-util-is          etag           has-yarn              is-installed-globally    lru-cache          nopt            proxy-addr            range-parser         signal-exit     typedarray                       xtend
asap            character-parser   crypto-random-string  express        http-cache-semantics  is-npm                   make-dir           normalize-path  pstree.remy           raw-body             statuses        typedarray-to-buffer             yallist
assert-never    chokidar           debug                 fill-range     http-errors           is-number                media-typer        normalize-url   pug                   rc                   streamsearch    undefsafe
babel-walk      ci-info            decompress-response   finalhandler   iconv-lite            is-obj                   merge-descriptors  object-assign   pug-attrs             readable-stream      string-width    unique-string
balanced-match  cli-boxes          deep-extend           forwarded      ignore-by-default     is-path-inside           methods            object-inspect  pug-code-gen          readdirp             string_decoder  unpipe
basic-auth      clone-response     defer-to-connect      fresh          import-lazy           is-promise               mime               on-finished     pug-error             registry-auth-token  strip-ansi      update-notifier

# npm view nodemon

nodemon@2.0.16 | MIT | deps: 10 | versions: 237
Simple monitor script for use during development of a Node.js app.
https://nodemon.io

keywords: cli, monitor, monitor, development, restart, autoload, reload, terminal

bin: nodemon

dist
.tarball: https://registry.npmjs.org/nodemon/-/nodemon-2.0.16.tgz
.shasum: d71b31bfdb226c25de34afea53486c8ef225fdef
.integrity: sha512-zsrcaOfTWRuUzBn3P44RDliLlp263Z/76FPoHFr3cFFkOz0lTPAcIw8dCzfdVIx/t3AtDYCZRCDkoCojJqaG3w==
.unpackedSize: 196.5 kB

dependencies:
chokidar: ^3.5.2          debug: ^3.2.7             ignore-by-default: ^1.0.1 minimatch: ^3.0.4         pstree.remy: ^1.1.8       semver: ^5.7.1            supports-color: ^5.5.0    touch: ^3.1.0             undefsafe: ^2.0.5         update-notifier: ^5.1.0   

maintainers:
- remy <remy@leftlogic.com>

dist-tags:
debug-1268: 1.15.2-alpha.2  debug: 2.0.14-alpha.1       latest: 2.0.16              

published a month ago by remy <remy@leftlogic.com>

# node nodemon version
internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1032
  throw err;
  ^

Error: Cannot find module '/app/nodemon'
    at Function.Module._resolveFilename (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1029:15)
    at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:898:27)
    at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (internal/modules/run_main.js:71:12)
    at internal/main/run_main_module.js:17:47 {
  code: 'MODULE_NOT_FOUND',
  requireStack: []
}

# node
Welcome to Node.js v14.4.0.
Type ".help" for more information.
> nm = require("nodemon")
[Function: nodemon] {
  restart: [Function (anonymous)],
  on: [Function (anonymous)],
  addListener: [Function (anonymous)],
  once: [Function (anonymous)],
  emit: [Function (anonymous)],
  removeAllListeners: [Function (anonymous)],
  reset: [Function (anonymous)],
  config: {
    run: false,
    system: { cwd: '/app' },
    required: true,
    dirs: [],
    timeout: 1000,
    options: {},
    load: [Function (anonymous)],
    reset: [Function: reset]
  }
}
> .exit
# export NODE_PATH=/app

# echo $NODE_PATH
/app

# node nodemon
internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1032
  throw err;
  ^

Error: Cannot find module '/app/nodemon'
    at Function.Module._resolveFilename (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1029:15)
    at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:898:27)
    at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (internal/modules/run_main.js:71:12)
    at internal/main/run_main_module.js:17:47 {
  code: 'MODULE_NOT_FOUND',
  requireStack: []
}

# 

因為我希望有人會問，盡管看起來無關緊要，這里是安裝模塊的腳本：

#!/bin/sh

rm /app/package.json
rm /app/package-lock.json
rm -rf /app/node_modules

npm init -y

npm install express
npm install http-errors
npm install pug
npm install morgan
npm install cookie-parser
npm install debug
npm install jQuery
npm install body-parser
npm install multer

npm install nodemon

npm audit
npm audit fix

該腳本在一個新的 node:latest 容器上運行，除了上面顯示的目錄中的映射之外沒有其他怪癖，所以這應該是可重現的。 理想情況下，它不會刪除 node_modules 和諸如此類的東西，以加快啟動速度，但在這種情況下我已經這樣做了，只是為了確保一切都是干凈的。

而且，如果有人問，這里是 docker-compose.yml：

#redis:
#  image: redis
#  volumes:
#    - ./webapp/data/redis:/data

#mysql:
#  image: mysql:latest
#  environment:
#    MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: StackOverflowsdfj87ey2,238n
#    MYSQL_DATABASE: StackOverflowDB
#    MYSQL_USER: StackOverflow  
#    MYSQL_PASSWORD: StackOverflowmcxhdie73.6xm
#  volumes:
#    - ./webapp/data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql

application:
  image: node:latest
  working_dir: /app
  command: /app/startScript.sh
  volumes:
    - ./webapp:/app
  ports:
    - 80:3000
#  links:
#    - redis
#    - mysql

這就是我能想到的可能與這里相關的所有內容......就像我說的那樣，這曾經可靠地工作 - 使用完全相同的 docker-compose.yml 和啟動腳本，並具有完整的數據庫支持。

Answer 1

Nodemon 不是一個模塊。 通常它是全局安裝的，並用作命令行中的命令。

由於它不是全局安裝的，因此運行它的一種方法是像這樣啟動它

./node_modules/nodemon/bin/nodemon.js -h