在 json 文件中搜索字符串並提取其部分

Question

我想知道如何執行以下操作： 1.在 json 中搜索字符串並提取它們的嵌套組件。 給定：

"type": "blah",
"animals": [
    {
        "type": "dog1",
        "name": "oscar",
        }
    },
    {
        "type": "dog2",
        "name": "John",
        }
    },
    {
        "type": "cat1",
        "name": "Fred",
        "Colors": [
            "Red"
        ],
        "Contact_info": [
            {
                "Owner": "Jill",
                "Owner_number": "123"
            }
        ],
    
    },
    {
        "type": "cat3",
        "name": "Freddy",
        "Colors": [
            "Blue"
        ],
        "Contact_info": [
            {
                "Owner": "Ann",
                "Owner_number": "1323"
            }
        ],

從這個 json 中，我想提取所有 cat 類型的動物，如 cat1 和 cat2，以及該塊中的所有信息。 就像我搜索 cat 它應該返回：

{
    "type": "cat1",
    "name": "Fred",
    "Colors": [
        "Red"
    ],
    "Contact_info": [
        {
            "Owner": "Jill",
            "Owner_number": "123"
        }
    ],

},
{
    "type": "cat3",
    "name": "Freddy",
    "Colors": [
        "Blue"
    ],
    "Contact_info": [
        {
            "Owner": "Ann",
            "Owner_number": "1323"
        }
    ],

不一定是那種格式，只是所有類型為 cat 的信息。 我試圖在 json 文件中搜索對象並從該搜索中提取特征以及嵌套在其中的任何內容。 到目前為止，這是我的代碼：

f = open('data.json')
 
# returns JSON object as
# a dictionary
data = json.load(f)
 
# Iterating through the json
# list
for i in data:
    if i['type'] == 'cat':
        print(i['name'])
        print(i['colors'])

        break
 
# Closing file
f.close()```

Answer 1

首先，我建議使用with語句創建運行時上下文，允許您在上下文管理器的控制下運行一組語句。

它更具可讀性，並且允許您跳過關閉文件，因為上下文管理器將為您做所有事情。

轉移到你的問題

假設您的文件名為animals.json

# Import json library to work with json files
import json

# Use context manager
with open("animals.json", "rb") as f:
    # Load animals list from json file
    animals = json.load(f)["animals"]

# Create a list of dictionaries if animal type contains "cat"
cats = [animal for animal in animals if "cat" in animal.get("type")]

# Write data to cats.json
json.dump(cats, open("cats.json", "w"), indent=4, sort_keys=False, ensure_ascii=False)

此代碼輸出帶有所有必要元素的格式化cats.json文件：

[
    {
        "type": "cat1",
        "name": "Fred",
        "Colors": [
            "Red"
        ],
        "Contact_info": [
            {
                "Owner": "Jill",
                "Owner_number": "123"
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "type": "cat3",
        "name": "Freddy",
        "Colors": [
            "Blue"
        ],
        "Contact_info": [
            {
                "Owner": "Ann",
                "Owner_number": "1323"
            }
        ]
    }
]