VS 代碼 / Python package 安裝期間出現錯誤

Question

我正在嘗試使用 pip （ pip install capytaine ）（在 VS 代碼中）安裝 capytaine package。 不幸的是，我遇到了多個錯誤，盡管其他軟件包（例如 numpy、matplotlib 等）已安裝並成功運行。 我有初學者到中級 python 和一般編程技能，但是我很難解決一些微妙的問題，例如處理我在這里遇到的錯誤。 因此，我不確定這些錯誤是由 wheel、setup.py 還是一些與路徑相關的錯誤引起的。 我已經進行了一些其他討論，但找不到解決我的問題的有用資源，安裝 VS Code 推薦的 C++ 構建工具也沒有幫助。

我的電腦上有 Python 3.9.13、wheel 0.37.1 和 setuptools 65.3.0。 （我應該將 setuptools 降級到 60 以下版本嗎？如何？）

如果您能在這里幫助我解決安裝問題，我將不勝感激。

在運行pip install capytaine后，我已經裁剪了 output 的不相關部分以滿足角色要求，希望它不是胡言亂語。

PS D:\TUHH\Master\Masterarbeit\Preliminary_tests\NemohAQWA_Check> pip install capytaine
Collecting capytaine
  Using cached capytaine-1.4.tar.gz (124 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in c:\users\dodob\appdata\local\packages\pythonsoftwarefoundation.python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\localcache\local-packages\python39\site-packages (from capytaine) (1.23.2)
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Building wheels for collected packages: capytaine
  Building wheel for capytaine (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [213 lines of output]
      C:\Users\dodob\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-46g3rmya\capytaine_cc3bdd35637b4ed48d97c88363dfe438\setup.py:9: DeprecationWarning:
      
        `numpy.distutils` is deprecated since NumPy 1.23.0, as a result
        of the deprecation of `distutils` itself. It will be removed for
        Python >= 3.12. For older Python versions it will remain present.
        It is recommended to use `setuptools < 60.0` for those Python versions.
        For more details, see:
          https://numpy.org/devdocs/reference/distutils_status_migration.html
      
      
        from numpy.distutils.core import Extension, setup
      running bdist_wheel
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 -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include /Tcbuild\src.win-amd64-3.9\capytaine\green_functions\Delhommeau_f90module.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-39\Release\build\src.win-amd64-3.9\capytaine\green_functions\Delhommeau_f90module.obj -O2 -fopenmp -cpp
      cl : Command line warning D9002 : ignoring unknown option '-fopenmp'
      cl : Command line warning D9002 : ignoring unknown option '-cpp'
      Delhommeau_f90module.c
      C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_3.9.3568.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\include\pyconfig.h(59): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'io.h': No such file or directory
      error: Command "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.33.31629\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -Ibuild\src.win-amd64-3.9\build\src.win-amd64-3.9\capytaine\green_functions -IC:\Users\dodob\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\numpy\core\include -Ibuild\src.win-amd64-3.9\numpy\distutils\include -IC:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_3.9.3568.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\include -IC:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_3.9.3568.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\Include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.33.316"
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  INFO: CCompilerOpt.cache_flush[857] : write cache to path -> C:\Users\dodob\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-46g3rmya\capytaine_cc3bdd35637b4ed48d97c88363dfe438\build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-39\Release\ccompiler_opt_cache_ext.py
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for capytaine
  Running setup.py clean for capytaine
Failed to build capytaine
Installing collected packages: capytaine
  Running setup.py install for capytaine ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Running setup.py install for capytaine did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [200 lines of output]
      C:\Users\dodob\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-46g3rmya\capytaine_cc3bdd35637b4ed48d97c88363dfe438\setup.py:9: DeprecationWarning:
     
        `numpy.distutils` is deprecated since NumPy 1.23.0, as a result
        of the deprecation of `distutils` itself. It will be removed for
        Python >= 3.12. For older Python versions it will remain present.
        It is recommended to use `setuptools < 60.0` for those Python versions.
        For more details, see:
          https://numpy.org/devdocs/reference/distutils_status_migration.html
     
     
        from numpy.distutils.core import Extension, setup
      running install
      C:\Users\dodob\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py:34: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.
        warnings.warn(
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 creating C:\Users\dodob\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpv6hwqlsf\Users\dodob\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\numpy\distutils\checks
      INFO: CCompilerOpt.cc_test_flags[1073] : testing flags (/WX)
      WARN: CCompilerOpt.__init__[1240] : feature 'AVX512_KNL' is disabled, MSVC compiler doesn't support it
      WARN: CCompilerOpt.__init__[1240] : feature 'AVX512_KNM' is disabled, MSVC compiler doesn't support it
      INFO: CCompilerOpt.__init__[1782] : check requested baseline
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  C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_3.9.3568.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\include\pyconfig.h(59): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'io.h': No such file or directory
      error: Command "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.33.31629\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -Ibuild\src.win-amd64-3.9\build\src.win-amd64-3.9\capytaine\green_functions -IC:\Users\dodob\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\numpy\core\include -Ibuild\src.win-amd64-3.9\numpy\distutils\include -IC:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_3.9.3568.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\include -IC:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_3.9.3568.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\Include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.33.31629\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.33.31629\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.33.31629\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.33.31629\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.33.31629\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.33.31629\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.33.31629\include -IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include /Tcbuild\src.win-amd64-3.9\capytaine\green_functions\Delhommeau_f90module.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-39\Release\build\src.win-amd64-3.9\capytaine\green_functions\Delhommeau_f90module.obj -O2 -fopenmp -cpp" failed with exit status 2
      INFO:
      ########### EXT COMPILER OPTIMIZATION ###########
      INFO: Platform      :
        Architecture: x64
        Compiler    : msvc
     
      CPU baseline  :
        Requested   : 'min'
        Enabled     : none
        Flags       : none
        Extra checks: none
     
      CPU dispatch  :
        Requested   : 'max -xop -fma4'
        Enabled     : none
        Generated   : none
      INFO: CCompilerOpt.cache_flush[857] : write cache to path -> C:\Users\dodob\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-46g3rmya\capytaine_cc3bdd35637b4ed48d97c88363dfe438\build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-39\Release\ccompiler_opt_cache_ext.py
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: legacy-install-failure

× Encountered error while trying to install package.
╰─> capytaine

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for output from the failure.

Answer 1

這很可能是 package 版本的沖突。 嘗試運行pip list ，復制所有包，創建一個名為requirements.txt的新文件，將所有包放在那里（沒有版本）並運行pip install -r requirements.txt 。 這將告訴 pip 解決版本沖突，在最壞的情況下你會得到一個更具可讀性的錯誤。

Answer 2

一種方法是如果您安裝新版本的 python，請確保您已將路徑添加到 windows 的系統環境變量中。

第二個是在 VS 代碼中，您需要添加一個 Python 解釋器來運行 pip 命令。

一個。 CTRL+SHIFT+P 打開命令面板。

灣。 命令面板中的類型和 Select Python 解釋器。

第三種方法是創建一個虛擬環境並在您的項目中激活它並運行您要安裝的任何類型的 pip 命令。 For that see the link 1 ( https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/python/environments ) Link 2 ( https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/venv.html )

Answer 3

根據文檔。

此 package 只能由Conda package manager通過以下代碼安裝：

conda install -c conda-forge capytaine

您需要創建一個 conda 環境，然后安裝此 package。

Python 擴展自動檢測現有的 conda 環境。 我們建議您在您的 conda 環境中安裝 Python 解釋器，否則將在您安裝 select 環境之后為您安裝一個。 例如，以下命令使用 Python 3.9 解釋器和幾個庫創建 conda 環境，然后 VS Code 會在可用解釋器列表中顯示這些庫：

conda create -n env-01 python=3.9 scipy=0.15.0 astroid babel

您可以參考文檔以獲取更多詳細信息以創建 conda 環境。