R 根據特定字符對字符串向量進行排序，而不刪除向量中的最后一項

Question

我有一個包含這些項目的向量

[1] "3 * x1" "-0.2 * x3" "-0.1 * x2" "-7.85"

是否可以根據 x 旁邊的值對其進行排序而不刪除最后一項，使其看起來像這樣

[1] "3 * x1" "-0.1 * x2" "-0.2 * x3""-7.85"

Answer 1

這樣的事情怎么樣：

vec <- c("3 * x1", "-0.2 * x3", "-0.1 * x2", "-7.85")


xsort <- function(vec){
  l <- grepl("x\\d*", vec)
  s <- as.numeric(gsub(".*x(\\d*).*", "\\1", vec))
  s <- ifelse(l, s, Inf)
  vec[order(s)]
}
xsort(vec)
#> [1] "3 * x1"    "-0.1 * x2" "-0.2 * x3" "-7.85"

^{由reprex package (v2.0.1) 創建於 2022-10-03}

Answer 2

vec2 <- gsub(".*\\bx([-+]?[0-9][.0-9]*)\\b.*", "\\1", vec)
vec2[vec2 == vec] <- ""
vec[order(suppressWarnings(as.numeric(vec2)))]
# [1] "3 * x1"    "-0.1 * x2" "-0.2 * x3" "-7.85"    

正則表達式：

".*\\bx([-+]?[0-9]\\.?[0-9]*)\\b.*"
 .*                             .*   anything, discard leading/following text
   \\b                       \\b     word-boundary
       (                    )        capture group, "remember" within this --> \\1 later
        [-+]?                        '-' or '+', optional
             [0-9]                   at least one digit ...
                  \\.?[0-9]*         ... followed by an optional dot and
                                        zero or more digits

因為這在"-7.85"的情況下沒有變化，所以我們需要通過檢查 "no change" 來跟進，如vec2 == vec 。

Answer 3

v <- c("3 * x1", "-0.2 * x3", "-0.1 * x2", "-7.85")
v[c(order(as.integer(sub(".*x", "", v[-length(v)]))), length(v))]
#> [1] "3 * x1"    "-0.1 * x2" "-0.2 * x3" "-7.85"

Answer 4

另一種方法：

as.vector(names(sort(sapply(v, function(x) gsub('.*x','',x)))))
[1] "-7.85"     "3 * x1"    "-0.1 * x2" "-0.2 * x3"