如何為 Tensorflow Lite 訓練自定義 model 並讓 output 成為一個.TFLITE 文件

Question

我是 tensorflow 和 object 檢測的新手，非常感謝任何幫助，我有一個包含 50 張照片的數據庫，使用這個視頻讓我開始，它確實適用於谷歌的樣本Model （我使用的是 RPi4B 8 GB RAM），然后我想創建自己的 model。我嘗試了幾個選項，但最終失敗了，因為我需要的文件類型是帶有標簽的 a.TFLITE 和 a.txt。 我只設法得到一個 .LITE 文件，根據我的測試，該文件不起作用

我嘗試了他的google collab 表，但是當我按下按鈕訓練 model 時，終端卡在了第 5 步，所以我嘗試了Edge Impulse ，但是 output 模型都在一個.LITE文件中，並且沒有提供labelmap.txt文件的代碼。 我嘗試手動將擴展名從 .LITE 更改為.TFLITE因為根據這個線程它應該工作，但它沒有！

我需要從現在起 3 天內准備好……難道沒有更適合初學者的方法嗎？ 如何獲得 valid.TFLITE model 以使用我的 RPI4？ 如果必須，我將更改代碼以使其正常工作。 這是教程提供的代碼：

######## Webcam Object Detection Using Tensorflow-trained Classifier #########
#
# Author: Evan Juras
# Date: 10/27/19
# Description: 
# This program uses a TensorFlow Lite model to perform object detection on a live webcam
# feed. It draws boxes and scores around the objects of interest in each frame from the
# webcam. To improve FPS, the webcam object runs in a separate thread from the main program.
# This script will work with either a Picamera or regular USB webcam.
#
# This code is based off the TensorFlow Lite image classification example at:
# https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/lite/examples/python/label_image.py
#
# I added my own method of drawing boxes and labels using OpenCV.

# Import packages
import os
import argparse
import cv2
import numpy as np
import sys
import time
from threading import Thread
import importlib.util

# Define VideoStream class to handle streaming of video from webcam in separate processing thread
# Source - Adrian Rosebrock, PyImageSearch: https://www.pyimagesearch.com/2015/12/28/increasing-raspberry-pi-fps-with-python-and-opencv/
class VideoStream:
    """Camera object that controls video streaming from the Picamera"""
    def _init_(self,resolution=(640,480),framerate=30):
        # Initialize the PiCamera and the camera image stream
        self.stream = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
        ret = self.stream.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FOURCC, cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'MJPG'))
        ret = self.stream.set(3,resolution[0])
        ret = self.stream.set(4,resolution[1])
            
        # Read first frame from the stream
        (self.grabbed, self.frame) = self.stream.read()

    # Variable to control when the camera is stopped
        self.stopped = False

    def start(self):
    # Start the thread that reads frames from the video stream
        Thread(target=self.update,args=()).start()
        return self

    def update(self):
        # Keep looping indefinitely until the thread is stopped
        while True:
            # If the camera is stopped, stop the thread
            if self.stopped:
                # Close camera resources
                self.stream.release()
                return

            # Otherwise, grab the next frame from the stream
            (self.grabbed, self.frame) = self.stream.read()

    def read(self):
    # Return the most recent frame
        return self.frame

    def stop(self):
    # Indicate that the camera and thread should be stopped
        self.stopped = True

# Define and parse input arguments
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--modeldir', help='Folder the .tflite file is located in',
                    required=True)
parser.add_argument('--graph', help='Name of the .tflite file, if different than detect.tflite',
                    default='detect.lite')
parser.add_argument('--labels', help='Name of the labelmap file, if different than labelmap.txt',
                    default='labelmap.txt')
parser.add_argument('--threshold', help='Minimum confidence threshold for displaying detected objects',
                    default=0.5)
parser.add_argument('--resolution', help='Desired webcam resolution in WxH. If the webcam does not support the resolution entered, errors may occur.',
                    default='1280x720')
parser.add_argument('--edgetpu', help='Use Coral Edge TPU Accelerator to speed up detection',
                    action='store_true')

args = parser.parse_args()

MODEL_NAME = args.modeldir
GRAPH_NAME = args.graph
LABELMAP_NAME = args.labels
min_conf_threshold = float(args.threshold)
resW, resH = args.resolution.split('x')
imW, imH = int(resW), int(resH)
use_TPU = args.edgetpu

# Import TensorFlow libraries
# If tflite_runtime is installed, import interpreter from tflite_runtime, else import from regular tensorflow
# If using Coral Edge TPU, import the load_delegate library
pkg = importlib.util.find_spec('tflite_runtime')
if pkg:
    from tflite_runtime.interpreter import Interpreter
    if use_TPU:
        from tflite_runtime.interpreter import load_delegate
else:
    from tensorflow.lite.python.interpreter import Interpreter
    if use_TPU:
        from tensorflow.lite.python.interpreter import load_delegate

# If using Edge TPU, assign filename for Edge TPU model
if use_TPU:
    # If user has specified the name of the .tflite file, use that name, otherwise use default 'edgetpu.tflite'
    if (GRAPH_NAME == 'detect.lite'):
        GRAPH_NAME = 'edgetpu.tflite'       

# Get path to current working directory
CWD_PATH = os.getcwd()

# Path to .tflite file, which contains the model that is used for object detection
PATH_TO_CKPT = os.path.join(CWD_PATH,MODEL_NAME,GRAPH_NAME)

# Path to label map file
PATH_TO_LABELS = os.path.join(CWD_PATH,MODEL_NAME,LABELMAP_NAME)

# Load the label map
with open(PATH_TO_LABELS, 'r') as f:
    labels = [line.strip() for line in f.readlines()]

# Have to do a weird fix for label map if using the COCO "starter model" from
# https://www.tensorflow.org/lite/models/object_detection/overview
# First label is '???', which has to be removed.
if labels[0] == '???':
    del(labels[0])

# Load the Tensorflow Lite model.
# If using Edge TPU, use special load_delegate argument
if use_TPU:
    interpreter = Interpreter(model_path=PATH_TO_CKPT,
                              experimental_delegates=[load_delegate('libedgetpu.so.1.0')])
    print(PATH_TO_CKPT)
else:
    interpreter = Interpreter(model_path=PATH_TO_CKPT)

interpreter.allocate_tensors()

# Get model details
input_details = interpreter.get_input_details()
output_details = interpreter.get_output_details()
height = input_details[0]['shape'][1]
width = input_details[0]['shape'][2]

floating_model = (input_details[0]['dtype'] == np.float32)

input_mean = 127.5
input_std = 127.5

# Check output layer name to determine if this model was created with TF2 or TF1,
# because outputs are ordered differently for TF2 and TF1 models
outname = output_details[0]['name']

if ('StatefulPartitionedCall' in outname): # This is a TF2 model
    boxes_idx, classes_idx, scores_idx = 1, 3, 0
else: # This is a TF1 model
    boxes_idx, classes_idx, scores_idx = 0, 1, 2

# Initialize frame rate calculation
frame_rate_calc = 1
freq = cv2.getTickFrequency()

# Initialize video stream
videostream = VideoStream(resolution=(imW,imH),framerate=30).start()
time.sleep(1)

#for frame1 in camera.capture_continuous(rawCapture, format="bgr",use_video_port=True):
while True:

    # Start timer (for calculating frame rate)
    t1 = cv2.getTickCount()

    # Grab frame from video stream
    frame1 = videostream.read()

    # Acquire frame and resize to expected shape [1xHxWx3]
    frame = frame1.copy()
    frame_rgb = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
    frame_resized = cv2.resize(frame_rgb, (width, height))
    input_data = np.expand_dims(frame_resized, axis=0)

    # Normalize pixel values if using a floating model (i.e. if model is non-quantized)
    if floating_model:
        input_data = (np.float32(input_data) - input_mean) / input_std

    # Perform the actual detection by running the model with the image as input
    interpreter.set_tensor(input_details[0]['index'],input_data)
    interpreter.invoke()

    # Retrieve detection results
    boxes = interpreter.get_tensor(output_details[boxes_idx]['index'])[0] # Bounding box coordinates of detected objects
    classes = interpreter.get_tensor(output_details[classes_idx]['index'])[0] # Class index of detected objects
    scores = interpreter.get_tensor(output_details[scores_idx]['index'])[0] # Confidence of detected objects

    # Loop over all detections and draw detection box if confidence is above minimum threshold
    for i in range(len(scores)):
        if ((scores[i] > min_conf_threshold) and (scores[i] <= 1.0)):

            # Get bounding box coordinates and draw box
            # Interpreter can return coordinates that are outside of image dimensions, need to force them to be within image using max() and min()
            ymin = int(max(1,(boxes[i][0] * imH)))
            xmin = int(max(1,(boxes[i][1] * imW)))
            ymax = int(min(imH,(boxes[i][2] * imH)))
            xmax = int(min(imW,(boxes[i][3] * imW)))
            
            cv2.rectangle(frame, (xmin,ymin), (xmax,ymax), (10, 255, 0), 2)

            # Draw label
            object_name = labels[int(classes[i])] # Look up object name from "labels" array using class index
            label = '%s: %d%%' % (object_name, int(scores[i]*100)) # Example: 'person: 72%'
            if object_name=='person' and int(scores[i]*100)>65:
                print("YES")
            else:
                print("NO")
            labelSize, baseLine = cv2.getTextSize(label, cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, 2) # Get font size
            label_ymin = max(ymin, labelSize[1] + 10) # Make sure not to draw label too close to top of window
            cv2.rectangle(frame, (xmin, label_ymin-labelSize[1]-10), (xmin+labelSize[0], label_ymin+baseLine-10), (255, 255, 255), cv2.FILLED) # Draw white box to put label text in
            cv2.putText(frame, label, (xmin, label_ymin-7), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, (0, 0, 0), 2) # Draw label text

    # Draw framerate in corner of frame
    cv2.putText(frame,'FPS: {0:.2f}'.format(frame_rate_calc),(30,50),cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,1,(255,255,0),2,cv2.LINE_AA)

    # All the results have been drawn on the frame, so it's time to display it.
    cv2.imshow('Object detector', frame)

    # Calculate framerate
    t2 = cv2.getTickCount()
    time1 = (t2-t1)/freq
    frame_rate_calc= 1/time1

    # Press 'q' to quit
    if cv2.waitKey(1) == ord('q'):
        break

# Clean up
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
videostream.stop()
```

Answer 1

簡單，只需降級到 OpenCV 版本 3.4.16，並使用 Tensorflow 1.0而不是 2.0，這應該可以解決所有問題。 這將允許使用 .LITE 文件以及 .TFLITE 文件

另外，嘗試將分辨率提高到 720x1280，這很可能在使用 tensorflow 時也會導致大量錯誤

Answer 2

看看這里： https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/images/classification

本筆記本設置新分類model，結尾為“Convert the Keras Sequential model to a TensorFlow Lite model”

https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/images/classification#convert_the_keras_sequential_model_to_a_tensorflow_lite_model

# Convert the model.
converter = tf.lite.TFLiteConverter.from_keras_model(model)
tflite_model = converter.convert()

# Save the model.
with open('model.tflite', 'wb') as f:
  f.write(tflite_model)

這可靠地從標准 tf model 生成 tflite model。