比較鍵：- 嵌套字典列表

Question

我想編寫一個 function 來檢查 dict1（基本字典）的鍵並將其與 dict2（嵌套字典列表，可以是一個或多個）的鍵進行比較，以便它檢查強制鍵，然后檢查可選鍵（如果和無論存在什么）並將差異作為列表返回。

dict1 = {"name": str,                    #mandatory
        "details" : {                    #optional
            "class" : str,               #optional 
            "subjects" : {               #optional
                "english" : bool,        #optional
                "maths" : bool           #optional
            }
        }}

dict2 = [{"name": "SK",
        "details" : {
            "class" : "A"}
         },
         {"name": "SK",
        "details" : {
            "class" : "A",
            "subjects" :{
                "english" : True,
                "science" : False
            }
        }}]

將 dict2 與 dict1 進行比較后，預期的 output 為：-

pass          #no difference in keys in 1st dictionary
["science"]    #the different key in second dictionary of dict2

Answer 1

試試這個遞歸檢查 function：

def compare_dict_keys(d1, d2, diff: list):
    if isinstance(d2, dict):
        for key, expected_value in d2.items():
            try:
                actual_value = d1[key]
                compare_dict_keys(actual_value, expected_value, diff)
            except KeyError:
                diff.append(key)
    else:
        pass

字典 1 與字典 2

difference = []
compare_dict_keys(dict1, dict2, difference)
print(difference)

# Output: ['science']

dict2 與 dict1

difference = []
compare_dict_keys(dict2, dict1, difference)
print(difference)

# Output: ['maths']