.htaccess Rewriterule 重定向到同一域上的 URL

Question

我正在嘗試將用戶重定向到特定的 URL。 我想創建 .htaccess 重寫規則來完成這個。

我想要這些：

https://example.com/career_by_education
https://example.com/international_careers
https://example.com/major_careers
https://example.com/career

轉移到：

https://example.com/career_by_education/careers-by-educational-level.php
https://example.com/international_careers/international_careers.php
https://example.com/major_careers/academic_major_careers.php
https://example.com/career/career.php

我已經嘗試了許多重寫規則的變體來讓它工作，如果我想讓它重定向到不同的域，我就成功了。

例如，以下 (in.htaccss)：

RewriteRule career_by_education   https://example2.com/career_by_education/careers-by-educational-level.php [L,R]
RewriteRule international_careers   https:/example2.com/international_careers/international_careers.php [L,R]
RewriteRule major_careers   https://example2.com/major_careers/academic_major_careers.php [L,R]
RewriteRule career   https://example2.com/career/career.php [L,R]

成功轉移到（分別）：

https://example2.com/career_by_education/careers-by-educational-level.php
https://example2.com/international_careers/international_careers.php
https://example2.com/major_careers/academic_major_careers.php
https://example2.com/career/career.php

但我希望重定向到同一個域（example.com），所以我嘗試了這個（按此順序）：

RewriteRule career_by_education   https://example.com/career_by_education/careers-by-educational-level.php [L,R]
RewriteRule international_careers  https://example.com/international_careers/international_careers.php [L,R]
RewriteRule major_careers   https://example.com/major_careers/academic_major_careers.php [L,R]
RewriteRule career   https://example.com/career/career.php [L,R]

當我在瀏覽器中輸入其中任何一個時：

https://example.com/career_by_education
https://example.com/international_careers
https://example.com/major_careers

我總是得到這個 URL：

https://example.com/career/career.php

我試圖將 RewriteRules 的順序反轉為：

RewriteRule career   https://example.com/career/career.php [L,R]
RewriteRule major_careers   https://example.com/major_careers/academic_major_careers.php [L,R]
RewriteRule international_careers  https://example.com/international_careers/international_careers.php [L,R]
RewriteRule career_by_education   https://example.com/career_by_education/careers-by-educational-level.php [L,R]

但結果 URL 始終是：

https://example.com/career/career.php

我還嘗試刪除完整的 URL 進行替換，如下所示：

RewriteRule career_by_education /career_by_education/careers-by-educational-level.php [L,R]
RewriteRule international_careers /international_careers/international_careers.php [L,R]
RewriteRule major_careers /major_careers/academic_major_careers.php [L,R]
RewriteRule career /career/career.php [L,R]

但結果總是重定向到這個 URL：

https://example.com/career/career.php

我嘗試了不同的表達方式，看看它是否可行：

RewriteRule ^/career http://consul64.wwwaz1-ts107.a2hosted.com/career/career.php [L,R]
RewriteRule ^/major_careers http://consul64.wwwaz1-ts107.a2hosted.com/major_careers/academic_major_careers.php [L,R]
RewriteRule ^/international_careers http://consul64.wwwaz1-ts107.a2hosted.com/international_careers/international_careers.php [L,R]
RewriteRule ^/career_by_education http://consul64.wwwaz1-ts107.a2hosted.com/career_by_education/careers-by-educational-level.php [L,R]

這些都會導致“403 Forbidden”錯誤 - 從命令行我確保我在根目錄中有一個“index.php”，並且權限是正確的，具有以下內容：

chmod 644 ~/public_html/.htaccess
chmod 755 ~/public_html

然后我嘗試了這些：

RewriteRule .*(?=major_careers) http://consul64.wwwaz1-ts107.a2hosted.com/major_careers/academic_major_careers.php [L,R]
RewriteRule .*(?=international_careers) http://consul64.wwwaz1-ts107.a2hosted.com/international_careers/international_careers.php [L,R]
RewriteRule .*(?=career_by_education) http://consul64.wwwaz1-ts107.a2hosted.com/career_by_education/careers-by-educational-level.php [L,R]
RewriteRule  .*(?=career) http://consul64.wwwaz1-ts107.a2hosted.com/career/career.php [L,R]

結果 URL 總是：

https://example.com/career/career.php

我不明白為什么該模式在重定向到外部 URL 時似乎有效，但如果重定向到同一域中的 URL 則不起作用。

任何人都可以幫助指導我嗎？

Answer 1

 RewriteRule career_by_education /career_by_education/careers-by-educational-level.php [L,R] RewriteRule international_careers /international_careers/international_careers.php [L,R] RewriteRule major_careers /major_careers/academic_major_careers.php [L,R] RewriteRule career /career/career.php [L,R]

RewriteRule指令的第一個參數（模式）是一個正則表達式。 這不是“精確的字符串匹配”。 這些規則的問題是該模式也匹配重定向的 URL，因此會導致無休止的“重定向循環”，因為“正則表達式” career_by_education匹配 URL 路徑中任何位置的字符串。

你 state 它總是重定向到/career/career.php （上面的最后一條規則），但是對於發布的規則來說這是不可能的 - 由於上面提到的重定向循環。 但是，如果您顛倒這些指令（您說您也嘗試過），就會發生這種情況，因為第一個規則（僅匹配career ）將始終匹配 - 但同樣，這是一個重定向循環。

旁白：根據您的服務器配置，它可能不會觸發重定向循環，例如。 如果對.php文件的請求被代理到 CGI PHP 引擎。

您需要更具體地使用正則表達式並僅匹配指定的 URL。 IE。 您需要在正則表達式中包含錨點，並且只匹配career_by_education而不是任何地方的career_by_education 。

例如：

RewriteRule ^career_by_education$ /career_by_education/careers-by-educational-level.php [L,R]
RewriteRule ^international_careers$ /international_careers/international_careers.php [L,R]
RewriteRule ^major_careers$ /major_careers/academic_major_careers.php [L,R]
RewriteRule ^career$ /career/career.php [L,R]

這些指令的順序無關緊要。

如果您要重定向到同一域，則您不一定需要替換中的方案+主機名（即絕對 URL），但是，它可以幫助減少域規范化情況下的重定向次數。

我不明白為什么這種模式在重定向到外部時似乎有效 URL

因為指令在重定向后不會再次處理（您現在在不同的服務器上）。

 RewriteRule.*(?=major_careers) http://consul64.wwwaz1-ts107.a2hosted.com/major_careers/academic_major_careers.php [L,R]

使用未錨定的正面前瞻實際上與簡單的major_careers相同。

 RewriteRule ^/career http://consul64.wwwaz1-ts107.a2hosted.com/career/career.php [L,R] RewriteRule ^/major_careers http://consul64.wwwaz1-ts107.a2hosted.com/major_careers/academic_major_careers.php [L,R] RewriteRule ^/international_careers http://consul64.wwwaz1-ts107.a2hosted.com/international_careers/international_careers.php [L,R] RewriteRule ^/career_by_education http://consul64.wwwaz1-ts107.a2hosted.com/career_by_education/careers-by-educational-level.php [L,R]

這些都會導致“403 Forbidden”錯誤

由於斜杠前綴，這些規則永遠不會匹配，所以它們實際上不會做任何事情。

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更新：

但是，這些重定向的“問題”是您重定向的 URL，例如。 /career_by_education也是您要重定向到的文件系統目錄的名稱。 因此，默認情況下，mod_dir 將嘗試 append 尾部斜杠，因此規則不匹配。 403 可能是由於該目錄中缺少 DirectoryIndex 文檔造成的。 嚴格來說，您的 URL 需要以尾部斜杠結尾，或者在正則表達式中將尾部斜杠設為可選（但這可能會導致雙重重定向）。

例如：

# Trailing slash is mandatory
RewriteRule ^career_by_education/$ /career_by_education/careers-by-educational-level.php [L,R]

# Trailing slash is optional
RewriteRule ^career_by_education/?$ /career_by_education/careers-by-educational-level.php [L,R]

盡管最好 URL 首先不匹配目錄名稱。