[英]How to initialize bitfields with a C++ Constructor?
首先,我不關心可移植性,並且可以安全地假設字節順序不會改變。 假設我讀取了硬件寄存器值,我想將該寄存器值覆蓋在位域上,這樣我就可以參考寄存器中的各個字段而不使用位掩碼。
編輯:修復了GMan指出的問題,並調整了代碼,以便將來讀者更清楚。
請參閱: Anders K.和Michael J的答案,以獲得更有說服力的解決方案。
#include <iostream>
/// \class HardwareRegister
/// Abstracts out bitfields in a hardware register.
/// \warning This is non-portable code.
class HardwareRegister
{
public:
/// Constructor.
/// \param[in] registerValue - the value of the entire register. The
/// value will be overlayed onto the bitfields
/// defined in this class.
HardwareRegister(unsigned long registerValue = 0)
{
/// Lots of casting to get registerValue to overlay on top of the
/// bitfields
*this = *(reinterpret_cast<HardwareRegister*>(®isterValue));
}
/// Bitfields of this register.
/// The data type of this field should be the same size as the register
/// unsigned short for 16 bit register
/// unsigned long for 32 bit register.
///
/// \warning Remember endianess! Order of the following bitfields are
/// important.
/// Big Endian - Start with the most signifcant bits first.
/// Little Endian - Start with the least signifcant bits first.
unsigned long field1: 8;
unsigned long field2:16;
unsigned long field3: 8;
}; //end class Hardware
int main()
{
unsigned long registerValue = 0xFFFFFF00;
HardwareRegister testRegister(registerValue);
// Prints out for little endianess machine
// Field 1 = 0
// Field 2 = 65535
// Field 3 = 255
std::cout << "Field 1 = " << testRegister.field1 << std::endl;
std::cout << "Field 2 = " << testRegister.field2 << std::endl;
std::cout << "Field 3 = " << testRegister.field3 << std::endl;
}
Bitfields無法正常工作。 您不能將標量值分配給充滿位域的struct
。 看起來你已經知道了,因為你使用了reinterpret_cast
,但由於reinterpret_cast
不能保證做得非常多,所以它只是擲骰子。
如果要在位域結構和標量之間進行轉換,則需要對值進行編碼和解碼。
HW_Register(unsigned char value)
: field1( value & 3 ),
field2( value >> 2 & 3 ),
field3( value >> 4 & 7 )
{}
編輯 :您沒有得到任何輸出的原因是與字段中的數字對應的ASCII字符是非打印的。 嘗試這個:
std::cout << "Field 1 = " << (int) testRegister.field1 << std::endl;
std::cout << "Field 2 = " << (int) testRegister.field2 << std::endl;
std::cout << "Field 3 = " << (int) testRegister.field3 << std::endl;
不要這樣做
*this = *(reinterpret_cast<HW_Register*>(®isterValue));
'this'指針不應該以這種方式擺弄:
HW_Register reg(val)
HW_Register *reg = new HW_Register(val)
這里'這'在記憶中有兩個不同的地方
相反,有一個內部聯合/結構來保存值,這樣很容易來回轉換(因為你對可移植性不感興趣)
例如
union
{
struct {
unsigned short field1:2;
unsigned short field2:4;
unsigned short field3:2;
...
} bits;
unsigned short value;
} reg
編輯:足夠真實,名稱為'register'
嘗試這個:
class HW_Register
{
public:
HW_Register(unsigned char nRegisterValue=0)
{
Init(nRegisterValue);
}
~HW_Register(void){};
void Init(unsigned char nRegisterValue)
{
nVal = nRegisterValue;
}
unsigned Field1() { return nField1; }
unsigned Field2() { return nField2; }
unsigned Field3() { return nField3; }
private:
union
{
struct
{
unsigned char nField1:2;
unsigned char nField2:4;
unsigned char nField3:2;
};
unsigned char nVal;
};
};
int main()
{
unsigned char registerValue = 0xFF;
HW_Register testRegister(registerValue);
std::cout << "Field 1 = " << testRegister.Field1() << std::endl;
std::cout << "Field 2 = " << testRegister.Field2() << std::endl;
std::cout << "Field 3 = " << testRegister.Field3() << std::endl;
return 0;
}
HW_Register(unsigned char registerValue) : field1(0), field2(0), field3(0)
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