使用 SMTP 從 Python 發送郵件

Question

我正在使用以下方法使用 SMTP 從 Python 發送郵件。 這是正確的使用方法還是我遺漏了一些陷阱？

from smtplib import SMTP
import datetime

debuglevel = 0

smtp = SMTP()
smtp.set_debuglevel(debuglevel)
smtp.connect('YOUR.MAIL.SERVER', 26)
smtp.login('USERNAME@DOMAIN', 'PASSWORD')

from_addr = "John Doe <john@doe.net>"
to_addr = "foo@bar.com"

subj = "hello"
date = datetime.datetime.now().strftime( "%d/%m/%Y %H:%M" )

message_text = "Hello\nThis is a mail from your server\n\nBye\n"

msg = "From: %s\nTo: %s\nSubject: %s\nDate: %s\n\n%s" 
        % ( from_addr, to_addr, subj, date, message_text )

smtp.sendmail(from_addr, to_addr, msg)
smtp.quit()

Answer 1

我使用的腳本非常相似； 我在這里發布它作為如何使用 email.* 模塊生成 MIME 消息的示例； 因此可以輕松修改此腳本以附加圖片等。

我依靠我的 ISP 添加日期時間標頭。

我的 ISP 要求我使用安全的 smtp 連接來發送郵件，我依賴 smtplib 模塊（可在http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~db2501/ssmtplib.py下載）

與您的腳本一樣，用於在 SMTP 服務器上進行身份驗證的用戶名和密碼（下面給出虛擬值）在源代碼中以純文本形式顯示。 這是一個安全漏洞； 但最好的選擇取決於您需要（想要？）保護這些。

========================================

#! /usr/local/bin/python


SMTPserver = 'smtp.att.yahoo.com'
sender =     'me@my_email_domain.net'
destination = ['recipient@her_email_domain.com']

USERNAME = "USER_NAME_FOR_INTERNET_SERVICE_PROVIDER"
PASSWORD = "PASSWORD_INTERNET_SERVICE_PROVIDER"

# typical values for text_subtype are plain, html, xml
text_subtype = 'plain'


content="""\
Test message
"""

subject="Sent from Python"

import sys
import os
import re

from smtplib import SMTP_SSL as SMTP       # this invokes the secure SMTP protocol (port 465, uses SSL)
# from smtplib import SMTP                  # use this for standard SMTP protocol   (port 25, no encryption)

# old version
# from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

try:
    msg = MIMEText(content, text_subtype)
    msg['Subject']=       subject
    msg['From']   = sender # some SMTP servers will do this automatically, not all

    conn = SMTP(SMTPserver)
    conn.set_debuglevel(False)
    conn.login(USERNAME, PASSWORD)
    try:
        conn.sendmail(sender, destination, msg.as_string())
    finally:
        conn.quit()

except:
    sys.exit( "mail failed; %s" % "CUSTOM_ERROR" ) # give an error message

Answer 2

我常用的方法...沒有太大區別，但有點

import smtplib
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = 'me@gmail.com'
msg['To'] = 'you@gmail.com'
msg['Subject'] = 'simple email in python'
message = 'here is the email'
msg.attach(MIMEText(message))

mailserver = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com',587)
# identify ourselves to smtp gmail client
mailserver.ehlo()
# secure our email with tls encryption
mailserver.starttls()
# re-identify ourselves as an encrypted connection
mailserver.ehlo()
mailserver.login('me@gmail.com', 'mypassword')

mailserver.sendmail('me@gmail.com','you@gmail.com',msg.as_string())

mailserver.quit()

而已

Answer 3

此外，如果您想使用 TLS 而不是 SSL 進行 smtp auth，那么您只需更改端口（使用 587）並執行 smtp.starttls()。 這對我有用：

...
smtp.connect('YOUR.MAIL.SERVER', 587)
smtp.ehlo()
smtp.starttls()
smtp.ehlo()
smtp.login('USERNAME@DOMAIN', 'PASSWORD')
...

Answer 4

那這個呢？

import smtplib

SERVER = "localhost"

FROM = "sender@example.com"
TO = ["user@example.com"] # must be a list

SUBJECT = "Hello!"

TEXT = "This message was sent with Python's smtplib."

# Prepare actual message

message = """\
From: %s
To: %s
Subject: %s

%s
""" % (FROM, ", ".join(TO), SUBJECT, TEXT)

# Send the mail

server = smtplib.SMTP(SERVER)
server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
server.quit()

Answer 5

我看到的主要問題是您沒有處理任何錯誤： .login()和.sendmail()都記錄了它們可以拋出的異常，而且似乎.connect()必須有某種方式表明它是無法連接 - 可能是底層套接字代碼引發的異常。

Answer 6

確保您沒有任何防火牆阻止 SMTP。 我第一次嘗試發送電子郵件時，它被 Windows 防火牆和 McAfee 阻止了——我花了很長時間才找到它們。

Answer 7

以下代碼對我來說工作正常：

import smtplib
 
to = 'mkyong2002@yahoo.com'
gmail_user = 'mkyong2002@gmail.com'
gmail_pwd = 'yourpassword'
smtpserver = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com",587)
smtpserver.ehlo()
smtpserver.starttls()
smtpserver.ehlo()
smtpserver.login(gmail_user, gmail_pwd)
header = 'To:' + to + '\n' + 'From: ' + gmail_user + '\n' + 'Subject:testing \n'
print header
msg = header + '\n this is test msg from mkyong.com \n\n'
smtpserver.sendmail(gmail_user, to, msg)
print 'done!'
smtpserver.quit()

參考： http ://www.mkyong.com/python/how-do-send-email-in-python-via-smtplib/

Answer 8

我為使用 SMTP 發送郵件所做的示例代碼。

import smtplib, ssl

smtp_server = "smtp.gmail.com"
port = 587  # For starttls
sender_email = "sender@email"
receiver_email = "receiver@email"
password = "<your password here>"
message = """ Subject: Hi there

This message is sent from Python."""


# Create a secure SSL context
context = ssl.create_default_context()

# Try to log in to server and send email
server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server,port)

try:
    server.ehlo() # Can be omitted
    server.starttls(context=context) # Secure the connection
    server.ehlo() # Can be omitted
    server.login(sender_email, password)
    server.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, message)
except Exception as e:
    # Print any error messages to stdout
    print(e)
finally:
    server.quit()

Answer 9

您應該確保以正確的格式格式化日期 - RFC2822 。

Answer 10

看到所有這些冗長的答案了嗎？ 請允許我通過幾行來進行自我推銷。

導入和連接：

import yagmail
yag = yagmail.SMTP('john@doe.net', host = 'YOUR.MAIL.SERVER', port = 26)

那么它只是一個單行：

yag.send('foo@bar.com', 'hello', 'Hello\nThis is a mail from your server\n\nBye\n')

當它超出范圍時它實際上會關閉（或者可以手動關閉）。 此外，它將允許您在密鑰環中注冊您的用戶名，這樣您就不必在腳本中寫出您的密碼（在編寫yagmail之前它真的讓我很困擾！）

對於包/安裝、提示和技巧，請查看git或pip ，可用於 Python 2 和 3。

Answer 11

你可以那樣做

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header


server = smtplib.SMTP('mail.servername.com', 25)
server.ehlo()
server.starttls()

server.login('username', 'password')
from = 'me@servername.com'
to = 'mygfriend@servername.com'
body = 'That A Message For My Girl Friend For tell Him If We will go to eat Something This Nigth'
subject = 'Invite to A Diner'
msg = MIMEText(body,'plain','utf-8')
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = Header(from, 'utf-8')
msg['To'] = Header(to, 'utf-8')
message = msg.as_string()
server.sendmail(from, to, message)

Answer 12

基於這個例子，我做了以下功能：

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

def send_email(host, port, user, pwd, recipients, subject, body, html=None, from_=None):
    """ copied and adapted from
        https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10147455/how-to-send-an-email-with-gmail-as-provider-using-python#12424439
    returns None if all ok, but if problem then returns exception object
    """

    PORT_LIST = (25, 587, 465)

    FROM = from_ if from_ else user 
    TO = recipients if isinstance(recipients, (list, tuple)) else [recipients]
    SUBJECT = subject
    TEXT = body.encode("utf8") if isinstance(body, unicode) else body
    HTML = html.encode("utf8") if isinstance(html, unicode) else html

    if not html:
        # Prepare actual message
        message = """From: %s\nTo: %s\nSubject: %s\n\n%s
        """ % (FROM, ", ".join(TO), SUBJECT, TEXT)
    else:
                # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/882712/sending-html-email-using-python#882770
        msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
        msg['Subject'] = SUBJECT
        msg['From'] = FROM
        msg['To'] = ", ".join(TO)

        # Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html.
        # utf-8 -> https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5910104/python-how-to-send-utf-8-e-mail#5910530
        part1 = MIMEText(TEXT, 'plain', "utf-8")
        part2 = MIMEText(HTML, 'html', "utf-8")

        # Attach parts into message container.
        # According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case
        # the HTML message, is best and preferred.
        msg.attach(part1)
        msg.attach(part2)

        message = msg.as_string()


    try:
        if port not in PORT_LIST: 
            raise Exception("Port %s not one of %s" % (port, PORT_LIST))

        if port in (465,):
            server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host, port)
        else:
            server = smtplib.SMTP(host, port)

        # optional
        server.ehlo()

        if port in (587,): 
            server.starttls()

        server.login(user, pwd)
        server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
        server.close()
        # logger.info("SENT_EMAIL to %s: %s" % (recipients, subject))
    except Exception, ex:
        return ex

    return None

如果您僅傳遞body ，則將發送純文本郵件，但如果您將html參數與body參數一起傳遞，則將發送 html 電子郵件（對於不支持 html/mime 類型的電子郵件客戶端，回退到文本內容）。

示例用法：

ex = send_email(
      host        = 'smtp.gmail.com'
   #, port        = 465 # OK
    , port        = 587  #OK
    , user        = "xxx@gmail.com"
    , pwd         = "xxx"
    , from_       = 'xxx@gmail.com'
    , recipients  = ['yyy@gmail.com']
    , subject     = "Test from python"
    , body        = "Test from python - body"
    )
if ex: 
    print("Mail sending failed: %s" % ex)
else:
    print("OK - mail sent"

順便提一句。 如果您想將 gmail 用作測試或生產 SMTP 服務器，請啟用對安全性較低的應用程序的臨時或永久訪問權限：

• 登錄到谷歌郵件/帳戶
• 轉到： https ://myaccount.google.com/lesssecureapps
• 使能夠
• 使用此功能或類似功能發送電子郵件
• （推薦）訪問： https ://myaccount.google.com/lesssecureapps
• （推薦）禁用

Answer 13

或者

import smtplib
 
from email.message import EmailMessage
from getpass import getpass


password = getpass()

message = EmailMessage()
message.set_content('Message content here')
message['Subject'] = 'Your subject here'
message['From'] = "USERNAME@DOMAIN"
message['To'] = "you@mail.com"

try:
    smtp_server = None
    smtp_server = smtplib.SMTP("YOUR.MAIL.SERVER", 587)
    smtp_server.ehlo()
    smtp_server.starttls()
    smtp_server.ehlo()
    smtp_server.login("USERNAME@DOMAIN", password)
    smtp_server.send_message(message)
except Exception as e:
    print("Error: ", str(e))
finally:
    if smtp_server is not None:
        smtp_server.quit()

如果要使用端口 465，則必須創建一個SMTP_SSL對象。

Answer 14

這是 Python 3.x 的一個工作示例

#!/usr/bin/env python3

from email.message import EmailMessage
from getpass import getpass
from smtplib import SMTP_SSL
from sys import exit

smtp_server = 'smtp.gmail.com'
username = 'your_email_address@gmail.com'
password = getpass('Enter Gmail password: ')

sender = 'your_email_address@gmail.com'
destination = 'recipient_email_address@gmail.com'
subject = 'Sent from Python 3.x'
content = 'Hello! This was sent to you via Python 3.x!'

# Create a text/plain message
msg = EmailMessage()
msg.set_content(content)

msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = sender
msg['To'] = destination

try:
    s = SMTP_SSL(smtp_server)
    s.login(username, password)
    try:
        s.send_message(msg)
    finally:
        s.quit()

except Exception as E:
    exit('Mail failed: {}'.format(str(E)))

Answer 15

紅郵呢？

安裝它：

pip install redmail

然后只是：

from redmail import EmailSender

# Configure the sender
email = EmailSender(
    host="YOUR.MAIL.SERVER", 
    port=26,
    username='me@example.com',
    password='<PASSWORD>'
)

# Send an email:
email.send(
    subject="An example email",
    sender="me@example.com",
    receivers=['you@example.com'],
    text="Hello!",
    html="<h1>Hello!</h1>"
)

它有很多特點：

• 來自各種來源的電子郵件附件
• 將圖像和繪圖嵌入 HTML 正文
• 使用 Jinja 模板化電子郵件
• 預配置的 Gmail 和 Outlook
• 日志處理程序
• 燒瓶擴展

鏈接：

• 源代碼
• 文檔
• 發布