如何從Java中的byte []計算Internet校驗和

Question

我正在試圖弄清楚如何計算Java中的Internet Checksum，這讓我無法忍受痛苦。 （我在位操作方面很糟糕。）我在C＃中找到了一個版本在C＃中計算一個Internet（又名IP，即RFC791）校驗和 。 但是，我嘗試將其轉換為Java並不會產生正確的結果。 誰能看到我做錯了什么？ 我懷疑是數據類型問題。

public long getValue() {
    byte[] buf = { (byte) 0xed, 0x2A, 0x44, 0x10, 0x03, 0x30};
    int length = buf.length;
    int i = 0;

    long sum = 0;
    long data = 0;
    while (length > 1) {
        data = 0;
        data = (((buf[i]) << 8) | ((buf[i + 1]) & 0xFF));

        sum += data;
        if ((sum & 0xFFFF0000) > 0) {
            sum = sum & 0xFFFF;
            sum += 1;
        }

        i += 2;
        length -= 2;
    }

    if (length > 0) {
        sum += (buf[i] << 8);
        // sum += buffer[i];
        if ((sum & 0xFFFF0000) > 0) {
            sum = sum & 0xFFFF;
            sum += 1;
        }
    }
    sum = ~sum;
    sum = sum & 0xFFFF;
    return sum;
}

Answer 1

編輯應用來自@ Andy，@ EJP，@ RD等人的評論並添加額外的測試用例以確保。

我已經使用了@Andys答案的組合（正確識別問題的位置）並更新了代碼，以包括鏈接答案中提供的單元測試以及經過驗證的消息校驗和附加測試用例。

首先是實施

package org.example.checksum;

public class InternetChecksum {

  /**
   * Calculate the Internet Checksum of a buffer (RFC 1071 - http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1071.html)
   * Algorithm is
   * 1) apply a 16-bit 1's complement sum over all octets (adjacent 8-bit pairs [A,B], final odd length is [A,0])
   * 2) apply 1's complement to this final sum
   *
   * Notes:
   * 1's complement is bitwise NOT of positive value.
   * Ensure that any carry bits are added back to avoid off-by-one errors
   *
   *
   * @param buf The message
   * @return The checksum
   */
  public long calculateChecksum(byte[] buf) {
    int length = buf.length;
    int i = 0;

    long sum = 0;
    long data;

    // Handle all pairs
    while (length > 1) {
      // Corrected to include @Andy's edits and various comments on Stack Overflow
      data = (((buf[i] << 8) & 0xFF00) | ((buf[i + 1]) & 0xFF));
      sum += data;
      // 1's complement carry bit correction in 16-bits (detecting sign extension)
      if ((sum & 0xFFFF0000) > 0) {
        sum = sum & 0xFFFF;
        sum += 1;
      }

      i += 2;
      length -= 2;
    }

    // Handle remaining byte in odd length buffers
    if (length > 0) {
      // Corrected to include @Andy's edits and various comments on Stack Overflow
      sum += (buf[i] << 8 & 0xFF00);
      // 1's complement carry bit correction in 16-bits (detecting sign extension)
      if ((sum & 0xFFFF0000) > 0) {
        sum = sum & 0xFFFF;
        sum += 1;
      }
    }

    // Final 1's complement value correction to 16-bits
    sum = ~sum;
    sum = sum & 0xFFFF;
    return sum;

  }

}

然后在JUnit4中進行單元測試

package org.example.checksum;

import org.junit.Test;

import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;

public class InternetChecksumTest {
  @Test
  public void simplestValidValue() {
    InternetChecksum testObject = new InternetChecksum();

    byte[] buf = new byte[1]; // should work for any-length array of zeros
    long expected = 0xFFFF;

    long actual = testObject.calculateChecksum(buf);

    assertEquals(expected, actual);
  }

  @Test
  public void validSingleByteExtreme() {
    InternetChecksum testObject = new InternetChecksum();

    byte[] buf = new byte[]{(byte) 0xFF};
    long expected = 0xFF;

    long actual = testObject.calculateChecksum(buf);

    assertEquals(expected, actual);
  }

  @Test
  public void validMultiByteExtrema() {
    InternetChecksum testObject = new InternetChecksum();

    byte[] buf = new byte[]{0x00, (byte) 0xFF};
    long expected = 0xFF00;

    long actual = testObject.calculateChecksum(buf);

    assertEquals(expected, actual);
  }

  @Test
  public void validExampleMessage() {
    InternetChecksum testObject = new InternetChecksum();

    // Berkley example http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~kfall/EE122/lec06/tsld023.htm
    // e3 4f 23 96 44 27 99 f3
    byte[] buf = {(byte) 0xe3, 0x4f, 0x23, (byte) 0x96, 0x44, 0x27, (byte) 0x99, (byte) 0xf3};

    long expected = 0x1aff;

    long actual = testObject.calculateChecksum(buf);

    assertEquals(expected, actual);
  }

  @Test
  public void validExampleEvenMessageWithCarryFromRFC1071() {
    InternetChecksum testObject = new InternetChecksum();

    // RFC1071 example http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1071.txt
    // 00 01 f2 03 f4 f5 f6 f7
    byte[] buf = {(byte) 0x00, 0x01, (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0xf4, (byte) 0xf5, (byte) 0xf6, (byte) 0xf7};

    long expected = 0x220d;

    long actual = testObject.calculateChecksum(buf);

    assertEquals(expected, actual);

  }

}

Answer 2

更短的版本如下：

long checksum(byte[] buf, int length) {
    int i = 0;
    long sum = 0;
    while (length > 0) {
        sum += (buf[i++]&0xff) << 8;
        if ((--length)==0) break;
        sum += (buf[i++]&0xff);
        --length;
    }

    return (~((sum & 0xFFFF)+(sum >> 16)))&0xFFFF;
}

Answer 3

我認為是造成麻煩的類型推廣。 讓我們看看data = (((buf[i]) << 8) | ((buf[i + 1]) & 0xFF)) ：

1. ((buf[i]) << 8)會將buf[i]提升為int ，從而導致符號擴展
2. (buf[i + 1]) & 0xFF也會將buf[i + 1]提升為int ，從而導致符號擴展。 但是用0xff掩蓋這個參數是正確的 - 在這種情況下我們得到正確的操作數。
3. 整個表達式被提升為long （再次包括符號）。

問題出在第一個參數 - 它應該用0xff00掩蓋，如： data = (((buf[i] << 8) & 0xFF00) | ((buf[i + 1]) & 0xFF)) 。 但我懷疑為Java實現了更高效的算法，甚至標准庫也有一個。 您可以查看MessageDigest ，也許它有一個。