[英]How to detect user inactivity in Android
用戶啟動我的應用程序並登錄。
選擇 Session 超時為 5 分鍾。
對應用程序進行一些操作。 (都在前景)
現在用戶將 Myapp 帶到后台並啟動其他一些應用程序。
----> 倒數計時器開始並在 5 分鍾后注銷用戶
或者用戶關閉屏幕。
----> 倒數計時器開始並在 5 分鍾后注銷用戶
即使應用程序位於前台但用戶長時間(比如 6-7 分鍾)不與應用程序交互,我也想要相同的行為。 假設屏幕一直亮着。 我想檢測用戶不活動的類型(即使應用程序在前台也沒有與應用程序交互)並啟動我的倒數計時器。
我根據 Fredrik Wallenius 的回答提出了一個我認為非常簡單的解決方案。 這是一個需要由所有活動擴展的基本活動類。
public class MyBaseActivity extends Activity {
public static final long DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT = 300000; // 5 min = 5 * 60 * 1000 ms
private static Handler disconnectHandler = new Handler(new Handler.Callback() {
@Override
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
// todo
return true;
}
});
private static Runnable disconnectCallback = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// Perform any required operation on disconnect
}
};
public void resetDisconnectTimer(){
disconnectHandler.removeCallbacks(disconnectCallback);
disconnectHandler.postDelayed(disconnectCallback, DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT);
}
public void stopDisconnectTimer(){
disconnectHandler.removeCallbacks(disconnectCallback);
}
@Override
public void onUserInteraction(){
resetDisconnectTimer();
}
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
resetDisconnectTimer();
}
@Override
public void onStop() {
super.onStop();
stopDisconnectTimer();
}
}
我不知道跟蹤不活動的方法,但有一種跟蹤用戶活動的方法。 您可以在您的活動中捕獲一個名為onUserInteraction()
的回調,每次用戶與應用程序進行任何交互時都會調用該回調。 我建議做這樣的事情:
@Override
public void onUserInteraction(){
MyTimerClass.getInstance().resetTimer();
}
如果您的應用程序包含多個活動,為什么不將此方法放在抽象超類中(擴展Activity
),然后讓所有活動擴展它。
我認為您應該使用此代碼,這是 5 分鍾空閑會話超時:->
Handler handler;
Runnable r;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
handler = new Handler();
r = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "user is inactive from last 5 minutes",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
startHandler();
}
@Override
public void onUserInteraction() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onUserInteraction();
stopHandler();//stop first and then start
startHandler();
}
public void stopHandler() {
handler.removeCallbacks(r);
}
public void startHandler() {
handler.postDelayed(r, 5*60*1000); //for 5 minutes
}
public class MyApplication extends Application {
private int lastInteractionTime;
private Boolean isScreenOff = false;
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
// ......
startUserInactivityDetectThread(); // start the thread to detect inactivity
new ScreenReceiver(); // creating receive SCREEN_OFF and SCREEN_ON broadcast msgs from the device.
}
public void startUserInactivityDetectThread() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
while(true) {
Thread.sleep(15000); // checks every 15sec for inactivity
if(isScreenOff || getLastInteractionTime()> 120000 || !isInForeGrnd)
{
//...... means USER has been INACTIVE over a period of
// and you do your stuff like log the user out
}
}
}
}).start();
}
public long getLastInteractionTime() {
return lastInteractionTime;
}
public void setLastInteractionTime(int lastInteractionTime) {
this.lastInteractionTime = lastInteractionTime;
}
private class ScreenReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
protected ScreenReceiver() {
// register receiver that handles screen on and screen off logic
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON);
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF);
registerReceiver(this, filter);
}
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF)) {
isScreenOff = true;
} else if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON)) {
isScreenOff = false;
}
}
}
}
isInForeGrnd ===> 此處未顯示邏輯,因為它超出了問題的范圍
您可以使用下面的設備代碼喚醒對 CPU 的鎖定 -
if(isScreenOff || getLastInteractionTime()> 120000 || !isInForeGrnd)
{
//...... means USER has been INACTIVE over a period of
// and you do your stuff like log the user out
PowerManager pm = (PowerManager) context.getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
boolean isScreenOn = pm.isScreenOn();
Log.e("screen on.................................", "" + isScreenOn);
if (isScreenOn == false) {
PowerManager.WakeLock wl = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.FULL_WAKE_LOCK | PowerManager.ACQUIRE_CAUSES_WAKEUP | PowerManager.ON_AFTER_RELEASE, "MyLock");
wl.acquire(10000);
PowerManager.WakeLock wl_cpu = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, "MyCpuLock");
wl_cpu.acquire(10000);
}
}
@Override
public void onUserInteraction() {
super.onUserInteraction();
delayedIdle(IDLE_DELAY_MINUTES);
}
Handler _idleHandler = new Handler();
Runnable _idleRunnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//handle your IDLE state
}
};
private void delayedIdle(int delayMinutes) {
_idleHandler.removeCallbacks(_idleRunnable);
_idleHandler.postDelayed(_idleRunnable, (delayMinutes * 1000 * 60));
}
除了ACTION_SCREEN_OFF
和ACTION_USER_PRESENT
廣播之外,在操作系統級別沒有“用戶不活動”的概念。 您必須在自己的應用程序中以某種方式定義“不活動”。
甚至您也可以使用@gfrigon或@AKh解決方案來管理您的需求。
但是,這是計時器和處理程序的免費解決方案 。 我已經為此做好了良好的計時器解決方案。 但是我已經成功實現了Timer和Handler的免費解決方案。
首先,我告訴您使用計時器或處理程序時必須管理的內容 。
最后,我實現了一個解決方案
ACTION_SCREEN_ON
/ ACTION_SCREEN_OFF
廣播接收器。 最簡單可靠的解決方案
我們不會通過計時器觀察用戶的不活動狀態,而是會根據用戶活動檢查上次活動時間。 因此,當用戶下次與應用進行互動時,我會檢查上一次的互動時間。
這是BaseActivity.class
,您將從每個活動類(而不是LoginActivity
。 您將在此類中的字段TIMEOUT_IN_MILLI
中定義注銷時間。
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final long TIMEOUT_IN_MILLI = 1000 * 20;
public static final String PREF_FILE = "App_Pref";
public static final String KEY_SP_LAST_INTERACTION_TIME = "KEY_SP_LAST_INTERACTION_TIME";
@Override
public void onUserInteraction() {
super.onUserInteraction();
if (isValidLogin())
getSharedPreference().edit().putLong(KEY_SP_LAST_INTERACTION_TIME, System.currentTimeMillis()).apply();
else logout();
}
public SharedPreferences getSharedPreference() {
return getSharedPreferences(PREF_FILE, MODE_PRIVATE);
}
public boolean isValidLogin() {
long last_edit_time = getSharedPreference().getLong(KEY_SP_LAST_INTERACTION_TIME, 0);
return last_edit_time == 0 || System.currentTimeMillis() - last_edit_time < TIMEOUT_IN_MILLI;
}
public void logout() {
Intent intent = new Intent(this, LoginActivity.class);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
startActivity(intent);
finish();
Toast.makeText(this, "User logout due to inactivity", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
getSharedPreference().edit().remove(KEY_SP_LAST_INTERACTION_TIME).apply(); // make shared preference null.
}
}
在我的活動基類中,我創建了受保護的類:
protected class IdleTimer
{
private Boolean isTimerRunning;
private IIdleCallback idleCallback;
private int maxIdleTime;
private Timer timer;
public IdleTimer(int maxInactivityTime, IIdleCallback callback)
{
maxIdleTime = maxInactivityTime;
idleCallback = callback;
}
/*
* creates new timer with idleTimer params and schedules a task
*/
public void startIdleTimer()
{
timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
idleCallback.inactivityDetected();
}
}, maxIdleTime);
isTimerRunning = true;
}
/*
* schedules new idle timer, call this to reset timer
*/
public void restartIdleTimer()
{
stopIdleTimer();
startIdleTimer();
}
/*
* stops idle timer, canceling all scheduled tasks in it
*/
public void stopIdleTimer()
{
timer.cancel();
isTimerRunning = false;
}
/*
* check current state of timer
* @return boolean isTimerRunning
*/
public boolean checkIsTimerRunning()
{
return isTimerRunning;
}
}
protected interface IIdleCallback
{
public void inactivityDetected();
}
所以在onResume方法中 - 你可以在你的回調中指定你想用它做什么...
idleTimer = new IdleTimer(60000, new IIdleCallback() {
@Override
public void inactivityDetected() {
...your move...
}
});
idleTimer.startIdleTimer();
在搜索過程中,我找到了很多答案,但這是我得到的最佳答案。 但此代碼的局限性在於它僅適用於活動而不適用於整個應用程序。 以此為參考。
myHandler = new Handler();
myRunnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//task to do if user is inactive
}
};
@Override
public void onUserInteraction() {
super.onUserInteraction();
myHandler.removeCallbacks(myRunnable);
myHandler.postDelayed(myRunnable, /*time in milliseconds for user inactivity*/);
}
例如,您使用了 8000,該任務將在用戶不活動 8 秒后完成。
用戶不活動可以使用onUserInteraction()
覆蓋方法檢測
@Override
public void onUserInteraction() {
super.onUserInteraction();
}
這是示例代碼,當用戶處於非活動狀態時,3 分鍾后退出 (HomeActivity-->LoginActivity)
public class HomeActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static String TAG = "HomeActivity";
private Handler handler;
private Runnable r;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_home);
handler = new Handler();
r = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), LoginActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
Log.d(TAG, "Logged out after 3 minutes on inactivity.");
finish();
Toast.makeText(HomeActivity.this, "Logged out after 3 minutes on inactivity.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
startHandler();
}
public void stopHandler() {
handler.removeCallbacks(r);
Log.d("HandlerRun", "stopHandlerMain");
}
public void startHandler() {
handler.postDelayed(r, 3 * 60 * 1000);
Log.d("HandlerRun", "startHandlerMain");
}
@Override
public void onUserInteraction() {
super.onUserInteraction();
stopHandler();
startHandler();
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
stopHandler();
Log.d("onPause", "onPauseActivity change");
super.onPause();
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
startHandler();
Log.d("onResume", "onResume_restartActivity");
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
stopHandler();
Log.d("onDestroy", "onDestroyActivity change");
}
}
在 KOTLIN 中處理交互超時的用戶:
//Declare handler
private var timeoutHandler: Handler? = null
private var interactionTimeoutRunnable: Runnable? = null
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_aspect_ratio)
//Initialise handler
timeoutHandler = Handler();
interactionTimeoutRunnable = Runnable {
// Handle Timeout stuffs here
}
//start countdown
startHandler()
}
// reset handler on user interaction
override fun onUserInteraction() {
super.onUserInteraction()
resetHandler()
}
//restart countdown
fun resetHandler() {
timeoutHandler?.removeCallbacks(interactionTimeoutRunnable);
timeoutHandler?.postDelayed(interactionTimeoutRunnable, 10*1000); //for 10 second
}
// start countdown
fun startHandler() {
timeoutHandler?.postDelayed(interactionTimeoutRunnable, 10*1000); //for 10 second
}
這是一個完整的解決方案,可在幾分鍾(例如 3 分鍾)后處理用戶不活動。 解決了App在后台超時時Activity跳到前台等常見問題。
首先,我們創建一個所有其他活動都可以擴展的 BaseActivity。
這是 BaseActivity 代碼。
package com.example.timeout;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Window;
import android.widget.TextView;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;
public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements LogoutListener {
private Boolean isUserTimedOut = false;
private static Dialog mDialog;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
((TimeOutApp) getApplication()).registerSessionListener(this);
((TimeOutApp) getApplication()).startUserSession();
}
@Override
public void onUserInteraction() {
super.onUserInteraction();
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
if (isUserTimedOut) {
//show TimerOut dialog
showTimedOutWindow("Time Out!", this);
} else {
((TimeOutApp) getApplication()).onUserInteracted();
}
}
@Override
public void onSessionLogout() {
isUserTimedOut = true;
}
public void showTimedOutWindow(String message, Context context) {
if (mDialog != null) {
mDialog.dismiss();
}
mDialog = new Dialog(context);
mDialog.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
mDialog.setContentView(R.layout.dialog_window);
mDialog.setCancelable(false);
mDialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(false);
TextView mOkButton = (TextView) mDialog.findViewById(R.id.text_ok);
TextView text_msg = (TextView) mDialog.findViewById(R.id.text_msg);
if (message != null && (!TextUtils.isEmpty(message)) && (!message.equalsIgnoreCase("null"))) {
text_msg.setText(message);
}
mOkButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (mDialog != null){
mDialog.dismiss();
Intent intent = new Intent(BaseActivity.this, LoginActivity.class);
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK);
startActivity(intent);
finish();
}
}
});
if(!((Activity) context).isFinishing())
{
//show dialog
mDialog.show();
}
}
}
接下來,我們為我們的“注銷監聽器”創建一個接口
package com.example.timeout;
public interface LogoutListener {
void onSessionLogout();
}
最后,我們創建一個擴展“應用程序”的 Java 類
package com.example.timeout;
import android.app.Application;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
public class TimeOutApp extends Application {
private LogoutListener listener;
private Timer timer;
private static final long INACTIVE_TIMEOUT = 180000; // 3 min
public void startUserSession () {
cancelTimer ();
timer = new Timer ();
timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
listener.onSessionLogout ();
}
}, INACTIVE_TIMEOUT);
}
private void cancelTimer () {
if (timer !=null) timer.cancel();
}
public void registerSessionListener(LogoutListener listener){
this.listener = listener;
}
public void onUserInteracted () {
startUserSession();
}
}
注意:不要忘記將“TimeOutApp”類添加到清單文件中的應用程序標簽
<application
android:name=".TimeOutApp">
</application>
我認為需要將計時器與上次活動時間相結合。
所以像這樣:
在 onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 啟動一個計時器,說 5 分鍾
在 onUserInteraction() 中只存儲當前時間
到目前為止非常簡單。
現在,當計時器彈出時,請執行以下操作:
我遇到了與 SO 問題類似的情況,我需要跟蹤用戶不活動 1 分鍾,然后重定向用戶以啟動 Activity,我還需要清除活動堆棧。
基於@gfrigon 的回答,我想出了這個解決方案。
public abstract class ActionBar extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final long DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT = 60000; // 1 min
private final MyHandler mDisconnectHandler = new MyHandler(this);
private Context mContext;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mContext = this;
}
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Detect user inactivity in Android
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
// Static inner class doesn't hold an implicit reference to the outer class
private static class MyHandler extends Handler {
// Using a weak reference means you won't prevent garbage collection
private final WeakReference<ActionBar> myClassWeakReference;
public MyHandler(ActionBar actionBarInstance) {
myClassWeakReference = new WeakReference<ActionBar>(actionBarInstance);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
ActionBar actionBar = myClassWeakReference.get();
if (actionBar != null) {
// ...do work here...
}
}
}
private Runnable disconnectCallback = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// Perform any required operation on disconnect
Intent startActivity = new Intent(mContext, StartActivity.class);
// Clear activity stack
startActivity.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK);
startActivity(startActivity);
}
};
public void resetDisconnectTimer() {
mDisconnectHandler.removeCallbacks(disconnectCallback);
mDisconnectHandler.postDelayed(disconnectCallback, DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT);
}
public void stopDisconnectTimer() {
mDisconnectHandler.removeCallbacks(disconnectCallback);
}
@Override
public void onUserInteraction(){
resetDisconnectTimer();
}
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
resetDisconnectTimer();
}
@Override
public void onStop() {
super.onStop();
stopDisconnectTimer();
}
}
最好的辦法是通過在 Application calss 中注冊AppLifecycleCallbacks
來處理整個應用程序(假設您有多個活動)。 您可以在 Application 類中使用registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks()
和以下回調(我建議創建一個擴展 ActivityLifecycleCallbacks 的 AppLifecycleCallbacks 類):
public interface ActivityLifecycleCallbacks {
void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState);
void onActivityStarted(Activity activity);
void onActivityResumed(Activity activity);
void onActivityPaused(Activity activity);
void onActivityStopped(Activity activity);
void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle outState);
void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity);
}
open class SubActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
var myRunnable:Runnable
private var myHandler = Handler()
init {
myRunnable = Runnable{
toast("time out")
var intent = Intent(this, MainActivity::class.java)
startActivity(intent)
}
}
fun toast(text: String) {
runOnUiThread {
val toast = Toast.makeText(applicationContext, text, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
toast.show()
}
}
override fun onUserInteraction() {
super.onUserInteraction();
myHandler.removeCallbacks(myRunnable)
myHandler.postDelayed(myRunnable, 3000)
}
override fun onPause() {
super.onPause()
myHandler.removeCallbacks(myRunnable)
}
override fun onResume() {
super.onResume()
myHandler.postDelayed(myRunnable, 3000)
}
}
擴展您的活動
YourActivity:SubActivity(){}
當用戶在 YourActivity 上 3000 毫秒后處於非活動狀態時進入 MainActivity
我使用了以前的答案並將其轉換為 kotlin。
您可以使用此技術來檢測用戶不活動的時間(即使應用程序處於后台)。
SharedPreference
及其編輯器對象。 然后聲明 3 個長變量,例如:mMillisUntilFinished = pref.getLong("millisUntilFinished",60*1000); // Replace with your time
long userExitedMillis = pref.getLong("userExitedMillis",0);
long timeLeft = mMillisUntilFinished - (System.currentTimeMillis() - userExitedMillis);
timeLeft
作為millisInFuture 傳遞。 在計時器內部,在每個滴答聲中將 millisUntilFinished 分配給一個公共變量new CountDownTimer(timeLeft,1000){
@Override
public void onTick(long millisUntilFinished) {
Log.d("TAG", "Time left : " + millisUntilFinished/1000 + " sec");
mMillisUntilFinished = millisUntilFinished;
}
@Override
public void onFinish() {
// Timer completed
}
}.start();
mMillisUntilFinished
變量和當前時間保存在onStop() 的共享首選項中。@Override
protected void onStop() {
super.onStop();
editor.putLong("millisUntilFinished",mMillisUntilFinished);
editor.putLong("userExitedMillis",System.currentTimeMillis());
editor.apply();
}
提示:如果您從System.currentTimeMillis()
減去userExitedMillis
,那么您將獲得活動非活動時間(以毫秒為單位) 。
所以我看到接受的答案僅支持 1 個活動,而且如果用戶最小化應用程序,則不會發生 DC 回調。 所以我最終修改了 gfrigon 的答案並修復了它們:
public class SActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static Handler dcHandler = new Handler();
public static Runnable dcCallback = null;
public static long dcTimeout = 30000; // 30 seconds here for example, you can update it just by calling dcTimeout = x; in your activities that extend this class
public static boolean internalCause;
public static boolean dcRequestWhileInBackground;
public static boolean activityFocusGone;
public static void resetDisconnectTimer() {
dcHandler.removeCallbacks(dcCallback);
dcHandler.postDelayed(dcCallback, dcTimeout);
}
public static void stopDisconnectTimer() {
dcHandler.removeCallbacks(dcCallback);
}
@Override
public void onUserInteraction() {
resetDisconnectTimer();
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
activityFocusGone = true;
}
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
resetDisconnectTimer();
activityFocusGone = false;
if (dcRequestWhileInBackground && !internalCause) {
dcRequestWhileInBackground = false;
dcCallback.run();
}
internalCause = false;
}
}
LockscreenActivity
除外)dcCallback
之后打開的第一個活動中設置LockscreenActivity
(順便說一句,它必須擴展SActivity
) dcCallback = () -> {
if (activityFocusGone)
SActivity.dcRequestWhileInBackground = true;
startActivity(new Intent(getApplicationContext(), Lockscreen.class));
};
onCreate
方法中(以避免啟動多個LockscreenActivity
並防止應用程序在用戶切換活動后被鎖定)internalCause = true;
resetDisconnectTimer();
可能為時已晚,可能有比這更好的解決方案,但希望這對某人有所幫助:)
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