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如何將SqlAlchemy結果序列化為JSON?

[英]How to serialize SqlAlchemy result to JSON?

Django 對從 DB 返回的 ORM 模型自動序列化為 JSON 格式。

如何將SQLAlchemy查詢結果序列化為JSON格式?

我試過jsonpickle.encode但它本身對查詢 object 進行編碼。 我試過json.dumps(items)但它返回

TypeError: <Product('3', 'some name', 'some desc')> is not JSON serializable

將 SQLAlchemy ORM 對象序列化為 JSON /XML 真的那么難嗎? 它沒有任何默認的序列化程序嗎? 現在序列化 ORM 查詢結果是很常見的任務。

我需要的只是返回 SQLAlchemy 查詢結果的 JSON 或 XML 數據表示。

SQLAlchemy對象查詢結果JSON/XML格式需要在javascript datagird(JQGrid http://www.trirand.com/blog/ )中使用

您可以將對象輸出為字典:

class User:
   def as_dict(self):
       return {c.name: getattr(self, c.name) for c in self.__table__.columns}

然后你使用User.as_dict()來序列化你的對象。

將 sqlalchemy 行對象轉換為 python dict 中所述

扁平化的實現

你可以使用這樣的東西:

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import DeclarativeMeta

class AlchemyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):

    def default(self, obj):
        if isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
            # an SQLAlchemy class
            fields = {}
            for field in [x for x in dir(obj) if not x.startswith('_') and x != 'metadata']:
                data = obj.__getattribute__(field)
                try:
                    json.dumps(data) # this will fail on non-encodable values, like other classes
                    fields[field] = data
                except TypeError:
                    fields[field] = None
            # a json-encodable dict
            return fields

        return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)

然后使用以下方法轉換為 JSON:

c = YourAlchemyClass()
print json.dumps(c, cls=AlchemyEncoder)

它將忽略不可編碼的字段(將它們設置為“無”)。

它不會自動擴展關系(因為這可能導致自我引用,並永遠循環)。

遞歸的非循環實現

但是,如果您希望永遠循環,則可以使用:

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import DeclarativeMeta

def new_alchemy_encoder():
    _visited_objs = []

    class AlchemyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
        def default(self, obj):
            if isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
                # don't re-visit self
                if obj in _visited_objs:
                    return None
                _visited_objs.append(obj)

                # an SQLAlchemy class
                fields = {}
                for field in [x for x in dir(obj) if not x.startswith('_') and x != 'metadata']:
                    fields[field] = obj.__getattribute__(field)
                # a json-encodable dict
                return fields

            return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)

    return AlchemyEncoder

然后使用以下方法對對象進行編碼:

print json.dumps(e, cls=new_alchemy_encoder(), check_circular=False)

這將編碼所有的孩子,他們所有的孩子,還有他們所有的孩子......基本上可以對整個數據庫進行編碼。 當它到達之前編碼的東西時,它會將其編碼為“無”。

遞歸的、可能是循環的、選擇性的實現

另一種可能更好的替代方法是能夠指定要擴展的字段:

def new_alchemy_encoder(revisit_self = False, fields_to_expand = []):
    _visited_objs = []

    class AlchemyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
        def default(self, obj):
            if isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
                # don't re-visit self
                if revisit_self:
                    if obj in _visited_objs:
                        return None
                    _visited_objs.append(obj)

                # go through each field in this SQLalchemy class
                fields = {}
                for field in [x for x in dir(obj) if not x.startswith('_') and x != 'metadata']:
                    val = obj.__getattribute__(field)

                    # is this field another SQLalchemy object, or a list of SQLalchemy objects?
                    if isinstance(val.__class__, DeclarativeMeta) or (isinstance(val, list) and len(val) > 0 and isinstance(val[0].__class__, DeclarativeMeta)):
                        # unless we're expanding this field, stop here
                        if field not in fields_to_expand:
                            # not expanding this field: set it to None and continue
                            fields[field] = None
                            continue

                    fields[field] = val
                # a json-encodable dict
                return fields

            return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)

    return AlchemyEncoder

您現在可以使用以下命令調用它:

print json.dumps(e, cls=new_alchemy_encoder(False, ['parents']), check_circular=False)

例如,僅擴展名為“parents”的 SQLAlchemy 字段。

Python的3.7+和瓶1.1+可以使用內置的數據類

from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import datetime
from flask import Flask, jsonify
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy


app = Flask(__name__)
db = SQLAlchemy(app)


@dataclass
class User(db.Model):
  id: int
  email: str

  id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, auto_increment=True)
  email = db.Column(db.String(200), unique=True)


@app.route('/users/')
def users():
  users = User.query.all()
  return jsonify(users)  


if __name__ == "__main__":
  users = User(email="user1@gmail.com"), User(email="user2@gmail.com")
  db.create_all()
  db.session.add_all(users)
  db.session.commit()
  app.run()

/users/路由現在將返回用戶列表。

[
  {"email": "user1@gmail.com", "id": 1},
  {"email": "user2@gmail.com", "id": 2}
]

自動序列化相關模型

@dataclass
class Account(db.Model):
  id: int
  users: User

  id = db.Column(db.Integer)
  users = db.relationship(User)  # User model would need a db.ForeignKey field

來自jsonify(account)的響應是這樣的。

{  
   "id":1,
   "users":[  
      {  
         "email":"user1@gmail.com",
         "id":1
      },
      {  
         "email":"user2@gmail.com",
         "id":2
      }
   ]
}

覆蓋默認的 JSON 編碼器

from flask.json import JSONEncoder


class CustomJSONEncoder(JSONEncoder):
  "Add support for serializing timedeltas"

  def default(o):
    if type(o) == datetime.timedelta:
      return str(o)
    elif type(o) == datetime.datetime:
      return o.isoformat()
    else:
      return super().default(o)

app.json_encoder = CustomJSONEncoder      

您可以將 RowProxy 轉換為這樣的字典:

 d = dict(row.items())

然后將其序列化為 JSON(您必須為諸如datetime值之類的內容指定一個編碼器)如果您只想要一條記錄(而不是相關記錄的完整層次結構),這並不難。

json.dumps([(dict(row.items())) for row in rs])

我建議使用棉花糖 它允許您創建序列化程序來表示您的模型實例,並支持關系和嵌套對象。

這是他們文檔中的一個截斷示例。 以 ORM 模型為例, Author

class Author(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    first = db.Column(db.String(80))
    last = db.Column(db.String(80))

該類的棉花糖模式構造如下:

class AuthorSchema(Schema):
    id = fields.Int(dump_only=True)
    first = fields.Str()
    last = fields.Str()
    formatted_name = fields.Method("format_name", dump_only=True)

    def format_name(self, author):
        return "{}, {}".format(author.last, author.first)

...並像這樣使用:

author_schema = AuthorSchema()
author_schema.dump(Author.query.first())

...會產生這樣的輸出:

{
        "first": "Tim",
        "formatted_name": "Peters, Tim",
        "id": 1,
        "last": "Peters"
}

看看他們完整的Flask-SQLAlchemy 示例

一個名為marshmallow-sqlalchemy庫專門集成了 SQLAlchemy 和 marshmallow。 在該庫中,上述Author模型的架構如下所示:

class AuthorSchema(ModelSchema):
    class Meta:
        model = Author

集成允許從 SQLAlchemy Column類型推斷Column類型。

棉花糖-sqlalchemy 在這里。

Flask-JsonTools包為您的模型實現了JsonSerializableBase基類。

用法:

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from flask.ext.jsontools import JsonSerializableBase

Base = declarative_base(cls=(JsonSerializableBase,))

class User(Base):
    #...

現在User模型可以神奇地序列化。

如果您的框架不是 Flask,您可以直接抓取代碼

出於安全原因,您永遠不應返回模型的所有字段。 我更喜歡有選擇地選擇它們。

Flask 的 json 編碼現在支持 UUID、日期時間和關系(並為 flask_sqlalchemy db.Model類添加了queryquery_class )。 我已更新編碼器如下:

應用程序/json_encoder.py

    from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import DeclarativeMeta
    from flask import json


    class AlchemyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
        def default(self, o):
            if isinstance(o.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
                data = {}
                fields = o.__json__() if hasattr(o, '__json__') else dir(o)
                for field in [f for f in fields if not f.startswith('_') and f not in ['metadata', 'query', 'query_class']]:
                    value = o.__getattribute__(field)
                    try:
                        json.dumps(value)
                        data[field] = value
                    except TypeError:
                        data[field] = None
                return data
            return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, o)

app/__init__.py

# json encoding
from app.json_encoder import AlchemyEncoder
app.json_encoder = AlchemyEncoder

有了這個,我可以選擇添加一個__json__屬性,該屬性返回我希望編碼的字段列表:

app/models.py

class Queue(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    song_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('song.id'), unique=True, nullable=False)
    song = db.relationship('Song', lazy='joined')
    type = db.Column(db.String(20), server_default=u'audio/mpeg')
    src = db.Column(db.String(255), nullable=False)
    created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, server_default=db.func.now())
    updated_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, server_default=db.func.now(), onupdate=db.func.now())

    def __init__(self, song):
        self.song = song
        self.src = song.full_path

    def __json__(self):
        return ['song', 'src', 'type', 'created_at']

我將@jsonapi 添加到我的視圖中,返回結果列表,然后我的輸出如下:

[

{

    "created_at": "Thu, 23 Jul 2015 11:36:53 GMT",
    "song": 

        {
            "full_path": "/static/music/Audioslave/Audioslave [2002]/1 Cochise.mp3",
            "id": 2,
            "path_name": "Audioslave/Audioslave [2002]/1 Cochise.mp3"
        },
    "src": "/static/music/Audioslave/Audioslave [2002]/1 Cochise.mp3",
    "type": "audio/mpeg"
}

]

您可以像這樣使用 SqlAlchemy 的自省:

mysql = SQLAlchemy()
from sqlalchemy import inspect

class Contacts(mysql.Model):  
    __tablename__ = 'CONTACTS'
    id = mysql.Column(mysql.Integer, primary_key=True)
    first_name = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    last_name = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    phone = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    email = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    street = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    zip_code = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    city = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    def toDict(self):
        return { c.key: getattr(self, c.key) for c in inspect(self).mapper.column_attrs }

@app.route('/contacts',methods=['GET'])
def getContacts():
    contacts = Contacts.query.all()
    contactsArr = []
    for contact in contacts:
        contactsArr.append(contact.toDict()) 
    return jsonify(contactsArr)

@app.route('/contacts/<int:id>',methods=['GET'])
def getContact(id):
    contact = Contacts.query.get(id)
    return jsonify(contact.toDict())

從這里的答案中獲得啟發: 將 sqlalchemy 行對象轉換為 python dict

更詳細的解釋。 在您的模型中,添加:

def as_dict(self):
       return {c.name: str(getattr(self, c.name)) for c in self.__table__.columns}

str()用於 python 3,所以如果使用 python 2 使用unicode() 它應該有助於反序列化日期。 如果不處理這些,您可以將其刪除。

您現在可以像這樣查詢數據庫

some_result = User.query.filter_by(id=current_user.id).first().as_dict()

需要First()以避免奇怪的錯誤。 as_dict()現在將反序列化結果。 反序列化后就可以轉成json了

jsonify(some_result)

雖然最初的問題可以追溯到一段時間以前,但這里的答案數量(以及我自己的經驗)表明這是一個不平凡的問題,有許多不同的方法,具有不同的復雜性和不同的權衡。

這就是我構建SQLAthanor庫的原因,該庫擴展了 SQLAlchemy 的聲明性 ORM,並具有您可能想要查看的可配置序列化/反序列化支持。

該庫支持:

  • Python 2.7、3.4、3.5 和 3.6。
  • SQLAlchemy 0.9 及更高版本
  • 與 JSON、CSV、YAML 和 Python dict序列化/反序列化
  • 列/屬性、關系、混合屬性和關聯代理的序列化/反序列化
  • 啟用和禁用特定格式和列/關系/屬性的序列化(例如,您希望支持入站password值,但從不包括password
  • 序列化前和反序列化后的值處理(用於驗證或類型強制)
  • 一種非常簡單的語法,既 Pythonic 又與 SQLAlchemy 自己的方法無縫一致

您可以在此處查看(我希望!)全面的文檔: https : //sqlathanor.readthedocs.io/en/latest

希望這可以幫助!

自定義序列化和反序列化。

“from_json” (類方法)基於json數據構建一個Model對象。

“反序列化”只能在實例上調用,並將 json 中的所有數據合並到模型實例中。

“序列化” - 遞歸序列化

需要__write_only__屬性來定義只寫屬性(例如“password_hash”)。

class Serializable(object):
    __exclude__ = ('id',)
    __include__ = ()
    __write_only__ = ()

    @classmethod
    def from_json(cls, json, selfObj=None):
        if selfObj is None:
            self = cls()
        else:
            self = selfObj
        exclude = (cls.__exclude__ or ()) + Serializable.__exclude__
        include = cls.__include__ or ()
        if json:
            for prop, value in json.iteritems():
                # ignore all non user data, e.g. only
                if (not (prop in exclude) | (prop in include)) and isinstance(
                        getattr(cls, prop, None), QueryableAttribute):
                    setattr(self, prop, value)
        return self

    def deserialize(self, json):
        if not json:
            return None
        return self.__class__.from_json(json, selfObj=self)

    @classmethod
    def serialize_list(cls, object_list=[]):
        output = []
        for li in object_list:
            if isinstance(li, Serializable):
                output.append(li.serialize())
            else:
                output.append(li)
        return output

    def serialize(self, **kwargs):

        # init write only props
        if len(getattr(self.__class__, '__write_only__', ())) == 0:
            self.__class__.__write_only__ = ()
        dictionary = {}
        expand = kwargs.get('expand', ()) or ()
        prop = 'props'
        if expand:
            # expand all the fields
            for key in expand:
                getattr(self, key)
        iterable = self.__dict__.items()
        is_custom_property_set = False
        # include only properties passed as parameter
        if (prop in kwargs) and (kwargs.get(prop, None) is not None):
            is_custom_property_set = True
            iterable = kwargs.get(prop, None)
        # loop trough all accessible properties
        for key in iterable:
            accessor = key
            if isinstance(key, tuple):
                accessor = key[0]
            if not (accessor in self.__class__.__write_only__) and not accessor.startswith('_'):
                # force select from db to be able get relationships
                if is_custom_property_set:
                    getattr(self, accessor, None)
                if isinstance(self.__dict__.get(accessor), list):
                    dictionary[accessor] = self.__class__.serialize_list(object_list=self.__dict__.get(accessor))
                # check if those properties are read only
                elif isinstance(self.__dict__.get(accessor), Serializable):
                    dictionary[accessor] = self.__dict__.get(accessor).serialize()
                else:
                    dictionary[accessor] = self.__dict__.get(accessor)
        return dictionary

使用 SQLAlchemy 中的內置序列化程序

from sqlalchemy.ext.serializer import loads, dumps
obj = MyAlchemyObject()
# serialize object
serialized_obj = dumps(obj)

# deserialize object
obj = loads(serialized_obj)

如果您要在會話之間傳輸對象,請記住使用session.expunge(obj)將對象與當前會話分離。 要再次附加它,只需執行session.add(obj)

這是一個解決方案,可讓您根據需要選擇要包含在輸出中的關系。 注意:這是一個完整的重寫,將 dict/str 作為 arg 而不是列表。 修復一些東西..

def deep_dict(self, relations={}):
    """Output a dict of an SA object recursing as deep as you want.

    Takes one argument, relations which is a dictionary of relations we'd
    like to pull out. The relations dict items can be a single relation
    name or deeper relation names connected by sub dicts

    Example:
        Say we have a Person object with a family relationship
            person.deep_dict(relations={'family':None})
        Say the family object has homes as a relation then we can do
            person.deep_dict(relations={'family':{'homes':None}})
            OR
            person.deep_dict(relations={'family':'homes'})
        Say homes has a relation like rooms you can do
            person.deep_dict(relations={'family':{'homes':'rooms'}})
            and so on...
    """
    mydict =  dict((c, str(a)) for c, a in
                    self.__dict__.items() if c != '_sa_instance_state')
    if not relations:
        # just return ourselves
        return mydict

    # otherwise we need to go deeper
    if not isinstance(relations, dict) and not isinstance(relations, str):
        raise Exception("relations should be a dict, it is of type {}".format(type(relations)))

    # got here so check and handle if we were passed a dict
    if isinstance(relations, dict):
        # we were passed deeper info
        for left, right in relations.items():
            myrel = getattr(self, left)
            if isinstance(myrel, list):
                mydict[left] = [rel.deep_dict(relations=right) for rel in myrel]
            else:
                mydict[left] = myrel.deep_dict(relations=right)
    # if we get here check and handle if we were passed a string
    elif isinstance(relations, str):
        # passed a single item
        myrel = getattr(self, relations)
        left = relations
        if isinstance(myrel, list):
            mydict[left] = [rel.deep_dict(relations=None)
                                 for rel in myrel]
        else:
            mydict[left] = myrel.deep_dict(relations=None)

    return mydict

所以舉個例子,使用 person/family/homes/rooms ... 把它變成 json 你只需要

json.dumps(person.deep_dict(relations={'family':{'homes':'rooms'}}))

它不是那么簡單。 我寫了一些代碼來做到這一點。 我仍在研究它,它使用 MochiKit 框架。 它基本上使用代理和注冊的 JSON 轉換器在 Python 和 Javascript 之間轉換復合對象。

數據庫對象的瀏覽器端是db.js它需要在基本的Python代理源的proxy.js

在 Python 端有基本代理模塊 最后是webserver.py 中的 SqlAlchemy 對象編碼器。 它還取決於在models.py文件中找到的元數據提取器。

step1:
class CNAME:
   ...
   def as_dict(self):
       return {item.name: getattr(self, item.name) for item in self.__table__.columns}

step2:
list = []
for data in session.query(CNAME).all():
    list.append(data.as_dict())

step3:
return jsonify(list)
def alc2json(row):
    return dict([(col, str(getattr(row,col))) for col in row.__table__.columns.keys()])

我想我會用這個玩一些代碼高爾夫。

僅供參考:我正在使用automap_base,因為我們有一個根據業務需求單獨設計的架構。 我今天剛開始使用 SQLAlchemy,但文檔指出 automap_base 是 declarative_base 的擴展,這似乎是 SQLAlchemy ORM 中的典型范例,所以我相信這應該可行。

根據Tjorriemorrie的解決方案,它並不喜歡遵循外鍵,但它只是將列與值匹配並通過 str() 處理列值來處理 Python 類型。 我們的值包括 Python datetime.time 和 decimal.Decimal 類類型結果,因此它可以完成工作。

希望這對任何路過的人有所幫助!

我知道這是一個相當老的帖子。 我采用了@SashaB 給出的解決方案,並根據我的需要進行了修改。

我添加了以下內容:

  1. 字段忽略列表:序列化時要忽略的字段列表
  2. 字段替換列表:包含要在序列化時由值替換的字段名稱的字典。
  3. 刪除的方法和 BaseQuery 被序列化

我的代碼如下:

def alchemy_json_encoder(revisit_self = False, fields_to_expand = [], fields_to_ignore = [], fields_to_replace = {}):
   """
   Serialize SQLAlchemy result into JSon
   :param revisit_self: True / False
   :param fields_to_expand: Fields which are to be expanded for including their children and all
   :param fields_to_ignore: Fields to be ignored while encoding
   :param fields_to_replace: Field keys to be replaced by values assigned in dictionary
   :return: Json serialized SQLAlchemy object
   """
   _visited_objs = []
   class AlchemyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
      def default(self, obj):
        if isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
            # don't re-visit self
            if revisit_self:
                if obj in _visited_objs:
                    return None
                _visited_objs.append(obj)

            # go through each field in this SQLalchemy class
            fields = {}
            for field in [x for x in dir(obj) if not x.startswith('_') and x != 'metadata' and x not in fields_to_ignore]:
                val = obj.__getattribute__(field)
                # is this field method defination, or an SQLalchemy object
                if not hasattr(val, "__call__") and not isinstance(val, BaseQuery):
                    field_name = fields_to_replace[field] if field in fields_to_replace else field
                    # is this field another SQLalchemy object, or a list of SQLalchemy objects?
                    if isinstance(val.__class__, DeclarativeMeta) or \
                            (isinstance(val, list) and len(val) > 0 and isinstance(val[0].__class__, DeclarativeMeta)):
                        # unless we're expanding this field, stop here
                        if field not in fields_to_expand:
                            # not expanding this field: set it to None and continue
                            fields[field_name] = None
                            continue

                    fields[field_name] = val
            # a json-encodable dict
            return fields

        return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)
   return AlchemyEncoder

希望它可以幫助某人!

在 Flask 下,這可以工作並處理數據時間字段,轉換類型的字段
'time': datetime.datetime(2018, 3, 22, 15, 40)進入
"time": "2018-03-22 15:40:00"

obj = {c.name: str(getattr(self, c.name)) for c in self.__table__.columns}

# This to get the JSON body
return json.dumps(obj)

# Or this to get a response object
return jsonify(obj)

以下代碼將 sqlalchemy 結果序列化為 json。

import json
from collections import OrderedDict


def asdict(self):
    result = OrderedDict()
    for key in self.__mapper__.c.keys():
        if getattr(self, key) is not None:
            result[key] = str(getattr(self, key))
        else:
            result[key] = getattr(self, key)
    return result


def to_array(all_vendors):
    v = [ ven.asdict() for ven in all_vendors ]
    return json.dumps(v) 

叫樂趣,

def all_products():
    all_products = Products.query.all()
    return to_array(all_products)

AlchemyEncoder 很棒,但有時會因 Decimal 值而失敗。 這是一個解決十進制問題的改進編碼器 -

class AlchemyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
# To serialize SQLalchemy objects 
def default(self, obj):
    if isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
        model_fields = {}
        for field in [x for x in dir(obj) if not x.startswith('_') and x != 'metadata']:
            data = obj.__getattribute__(field)
            print data
            try:
                json.dumps(data)  # this will fail on non-encodable values, like other classes
                model_fields[field] = data
            except TypeError:
                model_fields[field] = None
        return model_fields
    if isinstance(obj, Decimal):
        return float(obj)
    return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)

當使用 sqlalchemy 連接到數據庫時,這是一個高度可配置的簡單解決方案。 使用熊貓。

import pandas as pd
import sqlalchemy

#sqlalchemy engine configuration
engine = sqlalchemy.create_engine....

def my_function():
  #read in from sql directly into a pandas dataframe
  #check the pandas documentation for additional config options
  sql_DF = pd.read_sql_table("table_name", con=engine)

  # "orient" is optional here but allows you to specify the json formatting you require
  sql_json = sql_DF.to_json(orient="index")

  return sql_json

雖然是舊帖,可能我沒有回答上面的問題,但我想談談我的連載,至少它對我有用。

我使用 FastAPI、SqlAlchemy 和 MySQL,但我不使用 orm 模型;

# from sqlalchemy import create_engine
# from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
# engine = create_engine(config.SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL, pool_pre_ping=True)
# SessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)

序列化代碼



import decimal
import datetime


def alchemy_encoder(obj):
    """JSON encoder function for SQLAlchemy special classes."""
    if isinstance(obj, datetime.date):
        return obj.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    elif isinstance(obj, decimal.Decimal):
        return float(obj)

import json
from sqlalchemy import text

# db is SessionLocal() object 

app_sql = 'SELECT * FROM app_info ORDER BY app_id LIMIT :page,:page_size'

# The next two are the parameters passed in
page = 1
page_size = 10

# execute sql and return a <class 'sqlalchemy.engine.result.ResultProxy'> object
app_list = db.execute(text(app_sql), {'page': page, 'page_size': page_size})

# serialize
res = json.loads(json.dumps([dict(r) for r in app_list], default=alchemy_encoder))

如果它不起作用,請忽略我的回答。 我參考這里

https://codeandlife.com/2014/12/07/sqlalchemy-results-to-json-the-easy-way/

通過pip install simplejson並創建一個類

class Serialise(object):

    def _asdict(self):
        """
        Serialization logic for converting entities using flask's jsonify

        :return: An ordered dictionary
        :rtype: :class:`collections.OrderedDict`
        """

        result = OrderedDict()
        # Get the columns
        for key in self.__mapper__.c.keys():
            if isinstance(getattr(self, key), datetime):
                result["x"] = getattr(self, key).timestamp() * 1000
                result["timestamp"] = result["x"]
            else:
                result[key] = getattr(self, key)

        return result

並將這個類繼承到每個 orm 類,以便這個_asdict函數注冊到每個 ORM 類和繁榮。 並在任何地方使用 jsonify

(對Sasha B非常出色的答案的微小調整)

這專門將 datetime 對象轉換為字符串,在原始答案中將轉換為None

# Standard library imports
from datetime import datetime
import json

# 3rd party imports
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import DeclarativeMeta

class JsonEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, obj):
        if isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
            dict = {}

            # Remove invalid fields and just get the column attributes
            columns = [x for x in dir(obj) if not x.startswith("_") and x != "metadata"]

            for column in columns:
                value = obj.__getattribute__(column)

                try:
                    json.dumps(value)
                    dict[column] = value
                except TypeError:
                    if isinstance(value, datetime):
                        dict[column] = value.__str__()
                    else:
                        dict[column] = None
            return dict

        return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)
class SqlToDict:
    def __init__(self, data) -> None:
        self.data = data

    def to_timestamp(self, date):
        if isinstance(date, datetime):
            return int(datetime.timestamp(date))
        else:
            return date

    def to_dict(self) -> List:
        arr = []
        for i in self.data:
            keys = [*i.keys()]
            values = [*i]
            values = [self.to_timestamp(d) for d in values]
            arr.append(dict(zip(keys, values)))
        return arr

例如:

SqlToDict(data).to_dict()

帶有 utf-8 的內置串行器扼流圈無法解碼某些輸入的無效起始字節。 相反,我選擇了:

def row_to_dict(row):
    temp = row.__dict__
    temp.pop('_sa_instance_state', None)
    return temp


def rows_to_list(rows):
    ret_rows = []
    for row in rows:
        ret_rows.append(row_to_dict(row))
    return ret_rows


@website_blueprint.route('/api/v1/some/endpoint', methods=['GET'])
def some_api():
    '''
    /some_endpoint
    '''
    rows = rows_to_list(SomeModel.query.all())
    response = app.response_class(
        response=jsonplus.dumps(rows),
        status=200,
        mimetype='application/json'
    )
    return response

也許你可以使用這樣的類

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declared_attr
from sqlalchemy import Table


class Custom:
    """Some custom logic here!"""

    __table__: Table  # def for mypy

    @declared_attr
    def __tablename__(cls):  # pylint: disable=no-self-argument
        return cls.__name__  # pylint: disable= no-member

    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Serializes only column data."""
        return {c.name: getattr(self, c.name) for c in self.__table__.columns}

Base = declarative_base(cls=Custom)

class MyOwnTable(Base):
    #COLUMNS!

所有對象都有to_dict方法

在使用一些原始 sql 和未定義的對象時,使用cursor.description似乎得到了我想要的:

with connection.cursor() as cur:
    print(query)
    cur.execute(query)
    for item in cur.fetchall():
        row = {column.name: item[i] for i, column in enumerate(cur.description)}
        print(row)

這是一個JSONEncoder版本,它保留模型列順序並且只保留遞歸定義的列和關系字段。 它還格式化大多數 JSON 不可序列化類型:

import json
from datetime import datetime
from decimal import Decimal

import arrow
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import DeclarativeMeta

class SQLAlchemyJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    """
    SQLAlchemy ORM JSON Encoder
    If you have a "backref" relationship defined in your SQLAlchemy model,
    this encoder raises a ValueError to stop an infinite loop.
    """

    def default(self, obj):
        if isinstance(obj, datetime):
            return arrow.get(obj).isoformat()
        elif isinstance(obj, Decimal):
            return float(obj)
        elif isinstance(obj, set):
            return sorted(obj)
        elif isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
            for attribute, relationship in obj.__mapper__.relationships.items():
                if isinstance(relationship.__getattribute__("backref"), tuple):
                    raise ValueError(
                        f'{obj.__class__} object has a "backref" relationship '
                        "that would cause an infinite loop!"
                    )
            dictionary = {}
            column_names = [column.name for column in obj.__table__.columns]
            for key in column_names:
                value = obj.__getattribute__(key)
                if isinstance(value, datetime):
                    value = arrow.get(value).isoformat()
                elif isinstance(value, Decimal):
                    value = float(value)
                elif isinstance(value, set):
                    value = sorted(value)
                dictionary[key] = value
            for key in [
                attribute
                for attribute in dir(obj)
                if not attribute.startswith("_")
                and attribute != "metadata"
                and attribute not in column_names
            ]:
                value = obj.__getattribute__(key)
                dictionary[key] = value
            return dictionary

        return super().default(obj)

我成功地使用了這個包: https : //github.com/n0nSmoker/SQLAlchemy-serializer

您可以在模型上執行此操作:

from sqlalchemy_serializer import SerializerMixin

class SomeModel(db.Model, SerializerMixin):
    ...

它添加了完全遞歸的 to_dict:

item = SomeModel.query.filter(...).one()
result = item.to_dict()

它可以讓你制定規則來避免無限遞歸:

result = item.to_dict(rules=('-somefield', '-some_relation.nested_one.another_nested_one'))

如果您正在使用 Flask 並且只想快速查詢:

def get_cats():
    sql = text("select * from cat")
    sql_params = {}
    result = db.session.execute(sql, sql_params)
    row_list = result.fetchall()
    data = [dict(r) for r in row_list]

    response = jsonify({
        'data': [{
            'categorias': data
        }]
    })
    
    return response

https://flask-restplus.readthedocs.io/en/stable/marshalling.html

from flask_restplus import fields, Namespace, marshal
api = Namespace("Student data")
db_data = Student_details.query.all()
data_marshal_obj = api.model(" Data", {
    "id": fields.String(),
    "number": fields.Integer(),
    "house_name": fields.String(),
 })
data_in_json_serialize =  marshal(db_data, data_marshal_obj)}
print(type(data_in_json_serialize )) #  <class 'dict'>

flask restpluse 中的自定義序列化編組

經過一番嘗試,我想出了自己的解決方案,如下所示

def to_dict(self):
    keys = self.__mapper__.attrs.keys()
    attrs = vars(self)
    return { k : attrs[k]  for k in keys}

as_dict方法添加到任何 model 的動態方法

from sqlalchemy.inspection import inspect

def implement_as_dict(model):
    if not hasattr(model,"as_dict"):
        column_names=[]
        imodel = inspect(model)
        for c in imodel.columns:
            column_names.append(c.key)

        #define model.as_dict()
        def as_dict(self):
            d = {}
            for c in column_names:
                d[c] = getattr(self,c)
            return d

        setattr(model,"as_dict",as_dict)

#model definition
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String)
# adding as_dict definition to model
implement_as_dict(User)

那么你可以使用

user = session.query(User).filter_by(name='rick').first() 

user.as_dict()
#sample output 
{"id":1,"name":"rick"}

2023 年很晚

我的實現

def obj_to_dict(obj, remove=['_sa_instance_state'], debug=False):
    result = {}

    if type(obj).__name__ == "Row":
        return dict(obj)

    obj = obj.__dict__
    for key in obj:
        if key in remove:
            continue

        result[key] = obj[key]

    if debug:
        print(result)

    return result

我使用(太多?)字典:

def serialize(_query):
    #d = dictionary written to per row
    #D = dictionary d is written to each time, then reset
    #Master = dictionary of dictionaries; the id Key (int, unique from database) 
    from D is used as the Key for the dictionary D entry in Master
    Master = {}
    D = {}
    x = 0
    for u in _query:
        d = u.__dict__
        D = {}
        for n in d.keys():
           if n != '_sa_instance_state':
                    D[n] = d[n]
        x = d['id']
        Master[x] = D
    return Master

使用flask(包括jsonify)和flask_sqlalchemy 運行以將輸出打印為JSON。

使用 jsonify(serialize()) 調用函數。

適用於我迄今為止嘗試過的所有 SQLAlchemy 查詢(運行 SQLite3)

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