利用瀏覽器緩存，如何使用apache或.htaccess？

Question

該怎么辦？ 我有一個巨大的文件列表，谷歌速度頁稱“利用瀏覽器緩存”..但我不知道如何？ 我是否弄亂或更改了Apache配置文件（如下所示）或者是否在我的.htaccess頁面中添加了某些內容？

 <IfModule mod_proxy.c>
        ProxyRequests Off
        CacheRoot "/var/run/proxy"
        CacheSize 1024
        CacheGcInterval 24
    #CacheMaxExpire 24
    #CacheLastModifiedFactor 0.1
    #CacheDefaultExpire 1
    #NoCache a_domain.com another_domain.edu joes.garage_sale.com
        <Directory "disabled_proxy">
            Allow from example.com
            Deny from all
            Order Deny,Allow
        </Directory>
    </IfModule>
    ##
    #### mod_expires is configured so that all static files but images
    #### expire after 60 seconds. Any response that has a life span of more
    #### than 5 seconds (see webperfcache.conf) will be cached by webperfcache.
    #### Make sure your CGIs return a "Cache-Control: no-cache" header if you
    #### elect to make your dynamically generated HTML pages not cache-able.
    #### If all your HTML pages are static you may also increase ExpiresDefault.

    <IfModule mod_expires.c>
        ExpiresActive On
        ExpiresDefault A60
        ExpiresByType image/bmp A3600
        ExpiresByType image/gif A3600
        ExpiresByType image/ief A3600
        ExpiresByType image/jpeg A3600
        ExpiresByType image/png A3600
        ExpiresByType image/tiff A3600
        ExpiresByType image/x-cmu-raster A3600
        ExpiresByType image/x-portable-anymap A3600
        ExpiresByType image/x-portable-bitmap A3600
        ExpiresByType image/x-portable-graymap A3600
        ExpiresByType image/x-portable-pixmap A3600
        ExpiresByType image/x-rgb  A3600
        ExpiresByType image/x-xbitmap A3600
        ExpiresByType image/x-xpixmap A3600
        ExpiresByType image/x-xwindowdump A3600
        ExpiresByType audio/basic A3600
        ExpiresByType audio/midi A3600
        ExpiresByType audio/mpeg A3600
        ExpiresByType audio/x-aiff A3600
        ExpiresByType audio/x-pn-realaudio A3600
        ExpiresByType audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin A3600
        ExpiresByType audio/x-realaudio A3600
        ExpiresByType audio/x-wav A3600
        ExpiresByType video/mpeg A3600
        ExpiresByType video/quicktime A3600
        ExpiresByType video/x-msvideo A3600
        ExpiresByType video/x-sgi-movie A3600
    </IfModule>

Answer 1

我抓住機會提供完整的.htaccess代碼以傳遞Google PageSpeed Insight：

1. 啟用壓縮
2. 利用瀏覽器緩存

 # Enable Compression <IfModule mod_deflate.c> AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/javascript AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/rss+xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/vnd.ms-fontobject AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-font AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-font-opentype AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-font-otf AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-font-truetype AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-font-ttf AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-javascript AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xhtml+xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE font/opentype AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE font/otf AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE font/ttf AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE image/svg+xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE image/x-icon AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/css AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/javascript AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/plain </IfModule> <IfModule mod_gzip.c> mod_gzip_on Yes mod_gzip_dechunk Yes mod_gzip_item_include file .(html?|txt|css|js|php|pl)$ mod_gzip_item_include handler ^cgi-script$ mod_gzip_item_include mime ^text/.* mod_gzip_item_include mime ^application/x-javascript.* mod_gzip_item_exclude mime ^image/.* mod_gzip_item_exclude rspheader ^Content-Encoding:.*gzip.* </IfModule> # Leverage Browser Caching <IfModule mod_expires.c> ExpiresActive On ExpiresByType image/jpg "access 1 year" ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access 1 year" ExpiresByType image/gif "access 1 year" ExpiresByType image/png "access 1 year" ExpiresByType text/css "access 1 month" ExpiresByType text/html "access 1 month" ExpiresByType application/pdf "access 1 month" ExpiresByType text/x-javascript "access 1 month" ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash "access 1 month" ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access 1 year" ExpiresDefault "access 1 month" </IfModule> <IfModule mod_headers.c> <filesmatch "\\.(ico|flv|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|css|swf)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2678400, public" </filesmatch> <filesmatch "\\.(html|htm)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=7200, private, must-revalidate" </filesmatch> <filesmatch "\\.(pdf)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=86400, public" </filesmatch> <filesmatch "\\.(js)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2678400, private" </filesmatch> </IfModule> 

此處還提供了各種Web服務器的一些配置。
希望這有助於獲得100/100分。

Answer 2

我幾天前也在做同樣的事情。 將此添加到我的.htaccess文件中：

ExpiresActive On
ExpiresByType image/gif A2592000
ExpiresByType image/jpeg A2592000
ExpiresByType image/jpg A2592000
ExpiresByType image/png A2592000
ExpiresByType image/x-icon A2592000
ExpiresByType text/css A86400
ExpiresByType text/javascript A86400
ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash A2592000
#
<FilesMatch "\.(gif¦jpe?g¦png¦ico¦css¦js¦swf)$">
Header set Cache-Control "public"
</FilesMatch>

現在，當我運行谷歌速度頁面時，利用瀏覽器緩存不再是一個高優先級。

希望這可以幫助。

Answer 3

這是我用來控制標題/緩存的，我不是Apache專業版，所以請告訴我是否還有改進的余地，但我知道這已經在我的所有網站上運行了一段時間了。

指定mod_expires

http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_expires.html

此模塊控制服務器響應中的Expires HTTP標頭和Cache-Control HTTP標頭的max-age指令的設置。 到期日期可以設置為相對於上次修改源文件的時間或客戶端訪問的時間。

這些HTTP標頭是客戶端有關文檔有效性和持久性的指令。 如果緩存，則可以從緩存而不是從源獲取文檔，直到此時間過去。 之后，緩存副本被視為“已過期”且無效，並且必須從源獲取新副本。

# BEGIN Expires
<ifModule mod_expires.c>
ExpiresActive On
ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 seconds"
ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 1 seconds"
ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 2592000 seconds"
ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 2592000 seconds"
ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 2592000 seconds"
ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 604800 seconds"
ExpiresByType text/javascript "access plus 216000 seconds"
ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 216000 seconds"
</ifModule>
# END Expires

mod_headers中

http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_headers.html

該模塊提供了控制和修改HTTP請求和響應頭的指令。 標題可以合並，替換或刪除。

# BEGIN Caching
<ifModule mod_headers.c>
<filesMatch "\.(ico|pdf|flv|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|swf)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2592000, public"
</filesMatch>
<filesMatch "\.(css)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=604800, public"
</filesMatch>
<filesMatch "\.(js)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=216000, private"
</filesMatch>
<filesMatch "\.(xml|txt)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=216000, public, must-revalidate"
</filesMatch>
<filesMatch "\.(html|htm|php)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=1, private, must-revalidate"
</filesMatch>
</ifModule>
# END Caching

Answer 4

首先，我們需要檢查是否已啟用mod_headers.c和mod_expires.c。

sudo apache2 -l

如果我們沒有它，我們需要啟用它們

sudo a2enmod headers

然后我們需要重啟apache

sudo apache2 restart

最后，在.htaccess上添加規則（見其他答案），例如

ExpiresActive On
ExpiresByType image/gif A2592000
ExpiresByType image/jpeg A2592000
ExpiresByType image/jpg A2592000
ExpiresByType image/png A2592000
ExpiresByType image/x-icon A2592000
ExpiresByType text/css A86400
ExpiresByType text/javascript A86400
ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash A2592000
#
<FilesMatch "\.(gif|jpe?g|png|ico|css|js|swf)$">
Header set Cache-Control "public"
</FilesMatch>