使用 SAX 解析器，您如何解析具有相同名稱標簽但具有不同元素的 xml 文件？

Question

是否可以在 SAX 解析器中給出路徑表達式？ 我有一個 XML 文件，它有幾個相同的名稱標簽，但它們位於不同的元素中。 有什么辦法可以區分它們。 這是 XML：

<Schools>
    <School>
        <ID>335823</ID> 
        <Name>Fairfax High School</Name> 
        <Student>
            <ID>4195653</ID>
            <Name>Will Turner</Name>
        </Student>
        <Student>
            <ID>4195654</ID>
            <Name>Bruce Paltrow</Name>
        </Student>
        <Student>
            <ID>4195655</ID>
            <Name>Santosh Gowswami</Name>
        </Student>
    </School>
    <School>
        <ID>335824</ID> 
        <Name>FallsChurch High School</Name> 
        <Student>
            <ID>4153</ID>
            <Name>John Singer</Name>
        </Student>
        <Student>
            <ID>4154</ID>
            <Name>Shane Warne</Name>
        </Student>
        <Student>
            <ID>4155</ID>
            <Name>Eddie Diaz</Name>
        </Student>
    </School>
</Schools>

我想將學生的姓名和身份證與學校的姓名和身份證區分開來。

感謝您的回復：

我創建了一個學生 pojo，它具有以下字段 - school_id、school_name、student_id 和 student_name 以及它們的 getter 和 setter 方法。 這是我的臨時解析器實現。 當我解析 xml 時，我需要將學校名稱、id、學生名稱、id 的值放入 pojo 並返回它。 你能告訴我我應該如何實現差異化的堆棧。 這是我的解析器框架::

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

public class HandleXML extends DefaultHandler {

    private student info;
    private boolean school_id = false;
    private boolean school_name = false;
    private boolean student_id = false;
    private boolean student_name = false;
    private boolean student = false;
    private boolean school = false;


    public HandleXML(student record) {
        super();
        this.info = record;
        school_id = false;
        school_name = false;
        student_id = false;
        student_name = false;
        student = false;
        school = false;
    }

    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName,
            String qName, Attributes attributes)
            throws SAXException {
    if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
            student = true;
        }
    if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("school")) {
            school_id = true;
        }
    if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("school_id")) {
            school_id = true;
        }
    if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student_id")) {
            student_id = true;
        }
    if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("school_name")) {
            school_name = true;
        }
    if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student_name")) {
            student_name = true;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName,
            String qName)
            throws SAXException {
    }

    @Override
    public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length)
            throws SAXException {

        String data = new String(ch, start, length);

    }
}

Answer 1

在 SAX 解析器中，您會按文檔順序獲得每個元素。 您必須維護一個堆棧來跟蹤嵌套（處理 startElement 時壓入堆棧，並為 endElement 彈出）。 您可以通過當前在堆棧上的內容來區分不同的<Name>元素。

或者，只需保留一個變量，告訴您是否遇到了<School>標記或<Student>標記，以告訴您看到的是哪種類型的<Name> 。

Answer 2

好吧，我已經好幾年沒有在 Java 中使用 SAX，所以這是我的看法：

package play.xml.sax;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Stack;

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SAXParserFactory spf = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
        SchoolsHandler handler = new SchoolsHandler();
        try {
            SAXParser sp = spf.newSAXParser();
            sp.parse("schools.xml", handler);
            System.out.println("Number of read schools: " + handler.getSchools().size());
        } catch (SAXException se) {
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException pce) {
            pce.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException ie) {
            ie.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

class SchoolsHandler extends DefaultHandler {
    private static final String TAG_SCHOOLS = "Schools";
    private static final String TAG_SCHOOL = "School";
    private static final String TAG_STUDENT = "Student";
    private static final String TAG_ID = "ID";
    private static final String TAG_NAME = "Name";

    private final Stack<String> tagsStack = new Stack<String>();
    private final StringBuilder tempVal = new StringBuilder();

    private List<School> schools;
    private School school;
    private Student student;

    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) {
        pushTag(qName);
        tempVal.setLength(0);
        if (TAG_SCHOOLS.equalsIgnoreCase(qName)) {
            schools = new ArrayList<School>();
        } else if (TAG_SCHOOL.equalsIgnoreCase(qName)) {
            school = new School();
        } else if (TAG_STUDENT.equalsIgnoreCase(qName)) {
            student = new Student();
        }
    }

    public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) {
        tempVal.append(ch, start, length);
    }

    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) {
        String tag = peekTag();
        if (!qName.equals(tag)) {
            throw new InternalError();
        }

        popTag();
        String parentTag = peekTag();

        if (TAG_ID.equalsIgnoreCase(tag)) {
            int id = Integer.valueOf(tempVal.toString().trim());
            if (TAG_STUDENT.equalsIgnoreCase(parentTag)) {
                student.setId(id);
            } else if (TAG_SCHOOL.equalsIgnoreCase(parentTag)) {
                school.setId(id);
            }
        } else if (TAG_NAME.equalsIgnoreCase(tag)) {
            String name = tempVal.toString().trim();
            if (TAG_STUDENT.equalsIgnoreCase(parentTag)) {
                student.setName(name);
            } else if (TAG_SCHOOL.equalsIgnoreCase(parentTag)) {
                school.setName(name);
            }
        } else if (TAG_STUDENT.equalsIgnoreCase(tag)) {
            school.addStudent(student);
        } else if (TAG_SCHOOL.equalsIgnoreCase(tag)) {
            schools.add(school);
        }
    }

    public void startDocument() {
        pushTag("");
    }

    public List<School> getSchools() {
        return schools;
    }

    private void pushTag(String tag) {
        tagsStack.push(tag);
    }

    private String popTag() {
        return tagsStack.pop();
    }

    private String peekTag() {
        return tagsStack.peek();
    }
}

class School {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private List<Student> students = new ArrayList<Student>();

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public void addStudent(Student student) {
        students.add(student);
    }

    public List<Student> getStudents() {
        return students;
    }
}

class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

schools.xml包含您的示例 XML。 請注意，我把所有東西都塞進了一個文件中，但這只是因為我只是在玩。

Answer 3

是的，使用 SAX 解析器理解 xml 通常比使用 DOM 復雜一些。 基本上，您需要在 SAX 解析器中維護狀態/上下文，以便您可以區分這些情況。

請注意，實現 SAX 處理程序的另一個關鍵是理解值可以跨多個字符事件拆分。

Answer 4

Sax 是基於事件的，通過回調您可以連續讀取 XML 文檔。 Sax 非常適合讀取大型 XML 文檔，因為整個文檔不會加載到內存中。 你可能想看看Xpath ，例如

XPathFactory xPathFactory = XPathFactory.newInstance();
XPath xPath = xPathFactory.newXPath();
String expression = "/Schools/school/ ...";
XPathExpression xPathExpression = xPath.compile(expression);
// Compile the expression to get a XPathExpression object.
Object result = xPathExpression.evaluate(xmlDocument);

Answer 5

private boolean isInStudentNode;
...................................................    

public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
    // enter node Student
    if(qName.equalEgnoreCase("Student"){
       isInStudentNode = true;
    }
    ...
}

public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
    // end node Student
    if(qName.equalEgnoreCase("Student"){
       isInStudentNode = false;
       ...........
    }

    // end node Name (school|student)
    if(qName.equalEgnoreCase("Name"){
        if(isInStudentNode) student.setName(...);
        else school.setName(...);
    }
}

它和我一起工作