[英]Getting the parent of a directory in Bash
如果我有一個文件路徑,例如...
/home/smith/Desktop/Test
/home/smith/Desktop/Test/
如何更改字符串,使其成為父目錄?
例如
/home/smith/Desktop
/home/smith/Desktop/
dir=/home/smith/Desktop/Test
parentdir="$(dirname "$dir")"
如果有斜線也可以工作。
顯然,父目錄是通過簡單地附加點文件名給出的:
/home/smith/Desktop/Test/.. # unresolved path
但是您必須想要解析的路徑(沒有任何點點路徑組件的絕對路徑):
/home/smith/Desktop # resolved path
使用dirname
的最佳答案的問題在於,當您輸入帶點的路徑時,它們不起作用:
$ dir=~/Library/../Desktop/../..
$ parentdir="$(dirname "$dir")"
$ echo $parentdir
/Users/username/Library/../Desktop/.. # not fully resolved
這更強大:
dir=/home/smith/Desktop/Test
parentdir=$(builtin cd $dir; pwd)
您可以提供它/home/smith/Desktop/Test/..
,但也可以提供更復雜的路徑,例如:
$ dir=~/Library/../Desktop/../..
$ parentdir=$(builtin cd $dir; pwd)
$ echo $parentdir
/Users # the fully resolved path!
注意:使用builtin
確保不會調用用戶定義的cd
函數變體,而是調用沒有輸出的默認實用程序形式。
在您要查找其父目錄的目錄中工作時,只需使用echo $(cd ../ && pwd)
即可。 該鏈還具有沒有尾部斜杠的額外好處。
...但是“在這里看到的”被破壞了。 這是修復:
> pwd
/home/me
> x='Om Namah Shivaya'
> mkdir "$x" && cd "$x"
/home/me/Om Namah Shivaya
> parentdir="$(dirname "$(pwd)")"
> echo $parentdir
/home/me
我喜歡非常簡短、清晰、有保證的代碼。 如果它不運行外部程序,則加分點,因為您需要處理大量條目的那一天,它會明顯更快。
不確定您擁有和想要什么保證,所以無論如何都要提供。
如果你有保證,你可以用非常短的代碼來做到這一點。 這個想法是使用 bash 文本替換功能來剪切最后一個斜杠以及后面的任何內容。
回答原始問題的簡單到更復雜的情況。
P=/home/smith/Desktop/Test ; echo "${P%/*}"
/home/smith/Desktop
P=/home/smith/Desktop/Test/ ; echo "${P%/*/}/"
/home/smith/Desktop/
for P in \
/home/smith/Desktop/Test \
/home/smith/Desktop/Test/
do
P_ENDNOSLASH="${P%/}" ; echo "${P_ENDNOSLASH%/*}"
done
/home/smith/Desktop
/home/smith/Desktop
for P in \
/home/smith/Desktop/Test \
/home/smith/Desktop/Test/ \
/home/smith///Desktop////Test//
do
P_NODUPSLASH="${P//\/*(\/)/\/}"
P_ENDNOSLASH="${P_NODUPSLASH%%/}"
echo "${P_ENDNOSLASH%/*}";
done
/home/smith/Desktop
/home/smith/Desktop
/home/smith/Desktop
如果您只需要父目錄的名稱:
parent_dir_name=$(basename $(dirname $PWD))
根據您是否需要絕對路徑,您可能需要采取額外的步驟:
child='/home/smith/Desktop/Test/'
parent=$(dirname "$child")
abs_parent=$(realpath "$parent")
使用這個: export MYVAR="$(dirname "$(dirname "$(dirname "$(dirname $PWD)")")")"
如果你想要第四個父目錄
export MYVAR="$(dirname "$(dirname "$(dirname $PWD)")")"
如果你想要第三個父目錄
export MYVAR="$(dirname "$(dirname $PWD)")"
如果你想要第二個父目錄
丑陋但高效
function Parentdir()
{
local lookFor_ parent_ switch_ i_
lookFor_="$1"
#if it is not a file, we need the grand parent
[ -f "$lookFor_" ] || switch_="/.."
#length of search string
i_="${#lookFor_}"
#remove string one by one until it make sens for the system
while [ "$i_" -ge 0 ] && [ ! -d "${lookFor_:0:$i_}" ];
do
let i_--
done
#get real path
parent_="$(realpath "${lookFor_:0:$i_}$switch_")"
#done
echo "
lookFor_: $1
{lookFor_:0:$i_}: ${lookFor_:0:$i_}
realpath {lookFor_:0:$i_}: $(realpath ${lookFor_:0:$i_})
parent_: $parent_
"
}
lookFor_: /home/Om Namah Shivaya
{lookFor_:0:6}: /home/
realpath {lookFor_:0:6}: /home
parent_: /home
lookFor_: /var/log
{lookFor_:0:8}: /var/log
realpath {lookFor_:0:8}: /UNIONFS/var/log
parent_: /UNIONFS/var
lookFor_: /var/log/
{lookFor_:0:9}: /var/log/
realpath {lookFor_:0:9}: /UNIONFS/var/log
parent_: /UNIONFS/var
lookFor_: /tmp//res.log/..
{lookFor_:0:6}: /tmp//
realpath {lookFor_:0:6}: /tmp
parent_: /
lookFor_: /media/sdc8/../sdc8/Debian_Master//a
{lookFor_:0:35}: /media/sdc8/../sdc8/Debian_Master//
realpath {lookFor_:0:35}: /media/sdc8/Debian_Master
parent_: /media/sdc8
lookFor_: /media/sdc8//Debian_Master/../Debian_Master/a
{lookFor_:0:44}: /media/sdc8//Debian_Master/../Debian_Master/
realpath {lookFor_:0:44}: /media/sdc8/Debian_Master
parent_: /media/sdc8
lookFor_: /media/sdc8/Debian_Master/../Debian_Master/For_Debian
{lookFor_:0:53}: /media/sdc8/Debian_Master/../Debian_Master/For_Debian
realpath {lookFor_:0:53}: /media/sdc8/Debian_Master/For_Debian
parent_: /media/sdc8/Debian_Master
lookFor_: /tmp/../res.log
{lookFor_:0:8}: /tmp/../
realpath {lookFor_:0:8}: /
parent_: /
從想法/評論 Charles Duffy - 2014 年 12 月 17 日 5:32 開始,主題為Get current directory name (without full path) in a Bash script
#!/bin/bash
#INFO : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1371261/get-current-directory-name-without-full-path-in-a-bash-script
# comment : by Charles Duffy - Dec 17 '14 at 5:32
# at the beginning :
declare -a dirName[]
function getDirNames(){
dirNr="$( IFS=/ read -r -a dirs <<<"${dirTree}"; printf '%s\n' "$((${#dirs[@]} - 1))" )"
for(( cnt=0 ; cnt < ${dirNr} ; cnt++))
do
dirName[$cnt]="$( IFS=/ read -r -a dirs <<<"$PWD"; printf '%s\n' "${dirs[${#dirs[@]} - $(( $cnt+1))]}" )"
#information – feedback
echo "$cnt : ${dirName[$cnt]}"
done
}
dirTree=$PWD;
getDirNames;
如果出於某種原因您有興趣瀏覽特定數量的目錄,您也可以這樣做: nth_path=$(cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && cd ../../../ && pwd)
。 這將提供 3 個父目錄
這將上升到父文件夾
cd ../
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