[英]How to print parser tree in Yacc (BISON)
我使用BISON和FlEX為C語言編寫了一個解析器。 如果給定的c-輸入代碼在語法上錯誤,它在終端中工作並打印“語法錯誤”,否則不打印。
但我想打印與給定c輸入代碼相關的解析器樹作為我的解析器的輸出。 我怎么做? BISON中是否有可用於打印解析器樹的功能?
TXR語言(http://www.nongnu.org/txr)使用Flex和Yacc來解析其輸入。 如果給它-v
選項,則可以看到解析樹。
例如:
$ ./txr -v -c "@/[a-z]*|foo/"
spec:
(((text (#<sys:regex: 9d99268> or (0+ (set (#\a . #\z))) (compound #\f #\o #\o)))))
您可以在解析器操作中構造樹,並使用樹形打印例程自行打印。 我使用類似Lisp的對象表示來使生活更輕松。 寫出來的是由遞歸打印函數處理,該函數識別所有可能的對象類型並將它們呈現為符號。 例如,您可以看到使用散列反斜杠表示法打印的字符類型對象,並使用符號#< ... >
打印不可打印,不透明,已編譯的正則表達式。
這是語法的一部分:
regexpr : regbranch { $$ = if3(cdr($1),
cons(compound_s, $1),
car($1)); }
| regexpr '|' regexpr { $$ = list(or_s, $1, $3, nao); }
| regexpr '&' regexpr { $$ = list(and_s, $1, $3, nao); }
| '~' regexpr { $$ = list(compl_s, $2, nao); }
| /* empty */ %prec LOW { $$ = nil; }
;
如您所見,構建AST主要是嵌套列表的簡單構造。 這種形式編譯非常方便。 基於NFA的正則表達式編譯器的頂級函數非常易讀:
/*
* Input is the items from a regex form,
* not including the regex symbol.
* I.e. (rest '(regex ...)) not '(regex ...).
*/
static nfa_t nfa_compile_regex(val exp)
{
if (nullp(exp)) {
nfa_state_t *acc = nfa_state_accept();
nfa_state_t *s = nfa_state_empty(acc, 0);
return nfa_make(s, acc);
} else if (typeof(exp) == chr_s) {
nfa_state_t *acc = nfa_state_accept();
nfa_state_t *s = nfa_state_single(acc, c_chr(exp));
return nfa_make(s, acc);
} else if (exp == wild_s) {
nfa_state_t *acc = nfa_state_accept();
nfa_state_t *s = nfa_state_wild(acc);
return nfa_make(s, acc);
} else {
val sym = first(exp), args = rest(exp);
if (sym == set_s) {
return nfa_compile_set(args, nil);
} else if (sym == cset_s) {
return nfa_compile_set(args, t);
} else if (sym == compound_s) {
return nfa_compile_list(args);
} else if (sym == zeroplus_s) {
nfa_t nfa_arg = nfa_compile_regex(first(args));
nfa_state_t *acc = nfa_state_accept();
/* New start state has empty transitions going through
the inner NFA, or skipping it right to the new acceptance state. */
nfa_state_t *s = nfa_state_empty(nfa_arg.start, acc);
/* Convert acceptance state of inner NFA to one which has
an empty transition back to the start state, and
an empty transition to the new acceptance state. */
nfa_state_empty_convert(nfa_arg.accept, nfa_arg.start, acc);
return nfa_make(s, acc);
} else if (sym == oneplus_s) {
/* One-plus case differs from zero-plus in that the new start state
does not have an empty transition to the acceptance state.
So the inner NFA must be traversed once. */
nfa_t nfa_arg = nfa_compile_regex(first(args));
nfa_state_t *acc = nfa_state_accept();
nfa_state_t *s = nfa_state_empty(nfa_arg.start, 0); /* <-- diff */
nfa_state_empty_convert(nfa_arg.accept, nfa_arg.start, acc);
return nfa_make(s, acc);
} else if (sym == optional_s) {
/* In this case, we can keep the acceptance state of the inner
NFA as the acceptance state of the new NFA. We simply add
a new start state which can short-circuit to it via an empty
transition. */
nfa_t nfa_arg = nfa_compile_regex(first(args));
nfa_state_t *s = nfa_state_empty(nfa_arg.start, nfa_arg.accept);
return nfa_make(s, nfa_arg.accept);
} else if (sym == or_s) {
/* Simple: make a new start and acceptance state, which form
the ends of a spindle that goes through two branches. */
nfa_t nfa_first = nfa_compile_regex(first(args));
nfa_t nfa_second = nfa_compile_regex(second(args));
nfa_state_t *acc = nfa_state_accept();
/* New state s has empty transitions into each inner NFA. */
nfa_state_t *s = nfa_state_empty(nfa_first.start, nfa_second.start);
/* Acceptance state of each inner NFA converted to empty
transition to new combined acceptance state. */
nfa_state_empty_convert(nfa_first.accept, acc, 0);
nfa_state_empty_convert(nfa_second.accept, acc, 0);
return nfa_make(s, acc);
} else {
internal_error("bad operator in regex");
}
}
}
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