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如何在給定日期的情況下獲得星期幾?

[英]How do I get the day of week given a date?

我想了解以下內容:給定日期( datetime對象),對應的星期幾是星期幾?

例如,星期日是第一天,星期一:第二天..等等

然后如果輸入類似於今天的日期。

例子

>>> today = datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 20)
>>> today.get_weekday()  # what I look for

輸出可能是6 (因為是星期五)

使用weekday()

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.today()
datetime.datetime(2012, 3, 23, 23, 24, 55, 173504)
>>> datetime.datetime.today().weekday()
4

文檔中:

以整數形式返回星期幾,其中星期一為 0,星期日為 6。

如果你想用英文寫日期:

from datetime import date
import calendar
my_date = date.today()
calendar.day_name[my_date.weekday()]  #'Wednesday'

如果你想用英文寫日期:

from datetime import datetime
datetime.today().strftime('%A')
'Wednesday'

閱讀更多: https ://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#strftime-strptime-behavior

當 Monday 為 0 且 Sunday 為 6 時使用date.weekday()

或者

date.isoweekday()當星期一是 1 和星期日是 7

我為 CodeChef 問題解決了這個問題

import datetime
dt = '21/03/2012'
day, month, year = (int(x) for x in dt.split('/'))    
ans = datetime.date(year, month, day)
print (ans.strftime("%A"))

1700/1/1 之后不導入日期的解決方案

def weekDay(year, month, day):
    offset = [0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334]
    week   = ['Sunday', 
              'Monday', 
              'Tuesday', 
              'Wednesday', 
              'Thursday',  
              'Friday', 
              'Saturday']
    afterFeb = 1
    if month > 2: afterFeb = 0
    aux = year - 1700 - afterFeb
    # dayOfWeek for 1700/1/1 = 5, Friday
    dayOfWeek  = 5
    # partial sum of days betweem current date and 1700/1/1
    dayOfWeek += (aux + afterFeb) * 365                  
    # leap year correction    
    dayOfWeek += aux / 4 - aux / 100 + (aux + 100) / 400     
    # sum monthly and day offsets
    dayOfWeek += offset[month - 1] + (day - 1)               
    dayOfWeek %= 7
    return dayOfWeek, week[dayOfWeek]

print weekDay(2013, 6, 15) == (6, 'Saturday')
print weekDay(1969, 7, 20) == (0, 'Sunday')
print weekDay(1945, 4, 30) == (1, 'Monday')
print weekDay(1900, 1, 1)  == (1, 'Monday')
print weekDay(1789, 7, 14) == (2, 'Tuesday')

如果您將日期作為字符串,則使用 pandas 的 Timestamp 可能會更容易

import pandas as pd
df = pd.Timestamp("2019-04-12")
print(df.dayofweek, df.weekday_name)

輸出:

4 Friday

這是一個簡單的代碼片段來解決這個問題

import datetime

intDay = datetime.date(year=2000, month=12, day=1).weekday()
days = ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"]
print(days[intDay])

輸出應該是:

Friday

如果日期是日期時間對象,這是一個解決方案。

import datetime
def dow(date):
    days=["Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday","Sunday"]
    dayNumber=date.weekday()
    print days[dayNumber]

datetime 庫有時會出現 strptime() 錯誤,所以我切換到 dateutil 庫。 這是一個如何使用它的示例:

from dateutil import parser
parser.parse('January 11, 2010').strftime("%a")

您從中獲得的輸出是'Mon' 如果您希望輸出為“星期一”,請使用以下命令:

parser.parse('January 11, 2010').strftime("%A")

這對我來說很快就奏效了。 我在使用 datetime 庫時遇到問題,因為我想存儲工作日名稱而不是工作日編號,並且使用 datetime 庫的格式導致了問題。 如果您對此沒有任何問題,那就太好了! 如果你是,你絕對可以這樣做,因為它也有更簡單的語法。 希望這可以幫助。

假設您有時間戳:字符串變量,YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS

第 1 步:使用打擊代碼將其轉換為 dateTime 函數...

df['timeStamp'] = pd.to_datetime(df['timeStamp'])

第 2 步:現在您可以提取所有必需的功能,如下所示,這將為每個文件小時、月份、星期幾、年份、日期創建新列

df['Hour'] = df['timeStamp'].apply(lambda time: time.hour)
df['Month'] = df['timeStamp'].apply(lambda time: time.month)
df['Day of Week'] = df['timeStamp'].apply(lambda time: time.dayofweek)
df['Year'] = df['timeStamp'].apply(lambda t: t.year)
df['Date'] = df['timeStamp'].apply(lambda t: t.day)

假設給定日期、月份和年份,您可以執行以下操作:

import datetime
DayL = ['Mon','Tues','Wednes','Thurs','Fri','Satur','Sun']
date = DayL[datetime.date(year,month,day).weekday()] + 'day'
#Set day, month, year to your value
#Now, date is set as an actual day, not a number from 0 to 6.

print(date)

如果您有理由避免使用 datetime 模塊,那么此功能將起作用。

注意:假設從儒略歷到公歷的變化發生在 1582 年。如果您感興趣的日歷不是這樣,那么如果年份 > 1582:相應地更改行。

def dow(year,month,day):
    """ day of week, Sunday = 1, Saturday = 7
     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeller%27s_congruence """
    m, q = month, day
    if m == 1:
        m = 13
        year -= 1
    elif m == 2:
        m = 14
        year -= 1
    K = year % 100    
    J = year // 100
    f = (q + int(13*(m + 1)/5.0) + K + int(K/4.0))
    fg = f + int(J/4.0) - 2 * J
    fj = f + 5 - J
    if year > 1582:
        h = fg % 7
    else:
        h = fj % 7
    if h == 0:
        h = 7
    return h

這不需要星期幾的評論。
我推薦這個代碼~!

import datetime


DAY_OF_WEEK = {
    "MONDAY": 0,
    "TUESDAY": 1,
    "WEDNESDAY": 2,
    "THURSDAY": 3,
    "FRIDAY": 4,
    "SATURDAY": 5,
    "SUNDAY": 6
}

def string_to_date(dt, format='%Y%m%d'):
    return datetime.datetime.strptime(dt, format)

def date_to_string(date, format='%Y%m%d'):
    return datetime.datetime.strftime(date, format)

def day_of_week(dt):
    return string_to_date(dt).weekday()


dt = '20210101'
if day_of_week(dt) == DAY_OF_WEEK['SUNDAY']:
    None

如果您不僅僅依賴datetime模塊,那么calendar可能是更好的選擇。 例如,這將為您提供日期代碼:

calendar.weekday(2017,12,22);

這會給你一天本身:

days = ["Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday","Sunday"]
days[calendar.weekday(2017,12,22)]

或者以 python 的風格,作為一個襯里:

["Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday","Sunday"][calendar.weekday(2017,12,22)]
import datetime
int(datetime.datetime.today().strftime('%w'))+1

這應該給你你的真實日期 - 1 = 星期日,2 = 星期一,等等......

要將星期日作為 1 到星期六作為 7,這是您問題的最簡單解決方案:

datetime.date.today().toordinal()%7 + 1

他們全部:

import datetime

today = datetime.date.today()
sunday = today - datetime.timedelta(today.weekday()+1)

for i in range(7):
    tmp_date = sunday + datetime.timedelta(i)
    print tmp_date.toordinal()%7 + 1, '==', tmp_date.strftime('%A')

輸出:

1 == Sunday
2 == Monday
3 == Tuesday
4 == Wednesday
5 == Thursday
6 == Friday
7 == Saturday

以下是將小端字符串日期列表轉換為datetime的方法:

import datetime, time
ls = ['31/1/2007', '14/2/2017']
for d in ls:    
    dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(d, "%d/%m/%Y")
    print(dt)
    print(dt.strftime("%A"))

我們可以借助 Pandas:

import pandas as pd

正如上面問題中提到的我們有:

datetime(2017, 10, 20)

如果在 jupyter notebook 中執行這一行,我們會得到如下輸出:

datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 20, 0, 0)

使用 weekday() 和 weekday_name:

如果您想要整數格式的工作日,請使用:

pd.to_datetime(datetime(2017, 10, 20)).weekday()

輸出將是:

4

如果您希望它作為星期天、星期一、星期五等日期的名稱,您可以使用:

pd.to_datetime(datetime(2017, 10, 20)).weekday_name

輸出將是:

'Friday'

如果在 Pandas 數據框中有一個日期列,那么:

現在假設您有一個具有如下日期列的 pandas 數據框: pdExampleDataFrame['Dates'].head(5)

0   2010-04-01
1   2010-04-02
2   2010-04-03
3   2010-04-04
4   2010-04-05
Name: Dates, dtype: datetime64[ns]

現在,如果我們想知道星期一、星期二、..etc 等工作日的名稱,我們可以使用.weekday_name如下:

pdExampleDataFrame.head(5)['Dates'].dt.weekday_name

輸出將是:

0    Thursday
1      Friday
2    Saturday
3      Sunday
4      Monday
Name: Dates, dtype: object

如果我們想要這個 Dates 列中的工作日整數,那么我們可以使用:

pdExampleDataFrame.head(5)['Dates'].apply(lambda x: x.weekday())

輸出將如下所示:

0    3
1    4
2    5
3    6
4    0
Name: Dates, dtype: int64
import datetime
import calendar

day, month, year = map(int, input().split())
my_date = datetime.date(year, month, day)
print(calendar.day_name[my_date.weekday()])

輸出樣本

08 05 2015
Friday

如果要生成具有日期范圍 ( Date ) 的列並生成一個轉到第一個列並分配工作日 ( Week Day ) 的列,請執行以下操作(我將使用范圍從2008-01-012020-02-01 ):

import pandas as pd
dr = pd.date_range(start='2008-01-01', end='2020-02-1')
df = pd.DataFrame()
df['Date'] = dr
df['Week Day'] = pd.to_datetime(dr).weekday

輸出如下:

在此處輸入圖像描述

Week Day從 0 到 6 不等,其中 0 對應於星期一,6 對應於星期日。

一個簡單、直接且仍未提及的選項:

import datetime
...
givenDateObj = datetime.date(2017, 10, 20)
weekday      = givenDateObj.isocalendar()[2] # 5
weeknumber   = givenDateObj.isocalendar()[1] # 42

使用 Canlendar 模塊

import calendar
a=calendar.weekday(year,month,day)
days=["MONDAY","TUESDAY","WEDNESDAY","THURSDAY","FRIDAY","SATURDAY","SUNDAY"]
print(days[a])

這是我的python3實現。

months = {'jan' : 1, 'feb' : 4, 'mar' : 4, 'apr':0, 'may':2, 'jun':5, 'jul':6, 'aug':3, 'sep':6, 'oct':1, 'nov':4, 'dec':6}
dates = {'Sunday':1, 'Monday':2, 'Tuesday':3, 'Wednesday':4, 'Thursday':5, 'Friday':6, 'Saterday':0}
ranges = {'1800-1899':2, '1900-1999':0, '2000-2099':6, '2100-2199':4, '2200-2299':2}

def getValue(val, dic):
    if(len(val)==4):
        for k,v in dic.items():
            x,y=int(k.split('-')[0]),int(k.split('-')[1])
            val = int(val)
            if(val>=x and val<=y):
                return v
    else:
        return dic[val]

def getDate(val):
    return (list(dates.keys())[list(dates.values()).index(val)]) 



def main(myDate):
    dateArray = myDate.split('-')
    # print(dateArray)
    date,month,year = dateArray[2],dateArray[1],dateArray[0]
    # print(date,month,year)

    date = int(date)
    month_v = getValue(month, months)
    year_2 = int(year[2:])
    div = year_2//4
    year_v = getValue(year, ranges)
    sumAll = date+month_v+year_2+div+year_v
    val = (sumAll)%7
    str_date = getDate(val)

    print('{} is a {}.'.format(myDate, str_date))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    testDate = '2018-mar-4'
    main(testDate)
import numpy as np

def date(df):
    df['weekday'] = df['date'].dt.day_name()

    conditions = [(df['weekday'] == 'Sunday'),
              (df['weekday'] == 'Monday'),
              (df['weekday'] == 'Tuesday'),
              (df['weekday'] == 'Wednesday'),
              (df['weekday'] == 'Thursday'),
              (df['weekday'] == 'Friday'),
              (df['weekday'] == 'Saturday')]

    choices = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

    df['week'] = np.select(conditions, choices)

    return df

如果你是中國用戶,你可以使用這個包: https ://github.com/LKI/chinese-calendar

import datetime

# 判斷 2018年4月30號 是不是節假日
from chinese_calendar import is_holiday, is_workday
april_last = datetime.date(2018, 4, 30)
assert is_workday(april_last) is False
assert is_holiday(april_last) is True

# 或者在判斷的同時,獲取節日名
import chinese_calendar as calendar  # 也可以這樣 import
on_holiday, holiday_name = calendar.get_holiday_detail(april_last)
assert on_holiday is True
assert holiday_name == calendar.Holiday.labour_day.value

# 還能判斷法定節假日是不是調休
import chinese_calendar
assert chinese_calendar.is_in_lieu(datetime.date(2006, 2, 1)) is False
assert chinese_calendar.is_in_lieu(datetime.date(2006, 2, 2)) is True

這是一個新鮮的方法。 周日是 0。

from datetime import datetime
today = datetime(year=2022, month=6, day=17)
print(today.toordinal()%7)  # 5
yesterday = datetime(year=1, month=1, day=1)
print(today.toordinal()%7)  # 1
import datetime 
import calendar

my_date = datetime.date(2017,10,20)
print calendar.day_name[my_date.weekday()]
from datetime import datetime
def get_dayofweek(str_date, format_):
    return datetime.strptime(str_date, format_).strftime("%A")
# get_dayofweek('17-January-2020', '%d-%B-%Y') # Friday
# get_dayofweek('17-02-2020', '%d-%m-%Y') # Monday
get_dayofweek('17-02-20', '%d-%m-%y') # Monday

以下是以 DD-MM-YYYY 格式輸入日期的代碼,您可以通過更改 '%d-%m-%Y' 的順序以及更改分隔符來更改輸入格式。

import datetime
try:
    date = input()
    date_time_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(date, '%d-%m-%Y')
    print(date_time_obj.strftime('%A'))
except ValueError:
    print("Invalid date.")

使用此代碼:

import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime
print(pd.DatetimeIndex(df['give_date']).day)

import datetime data['weekday'] = [x.weekday() for x in data['date']]
其中0到6代表星期幾,星期一是0,而星期日是6。

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