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如何按照特定模式對字符串列表進行排序

[英]How to sort a list of strings following a certain pattern

我想對每個字符串列表進行排序,例如:

list1 = ['3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S001', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S001', '3DT1_S001', '3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S001']
list2 = ['3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S002', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S002', '3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S002']

遵循模式[ '3DT1_S##', '3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S##', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S##', '3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S##']

結果應該是:

list1 = [ '3DT1_S001', '3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S001', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S001', '3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S001']
list2 = [ '3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S002', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S002', '3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S002']

我試着用排序的方法玩一下,但沒有運氣!

有幫助嗎?

您可以定義一個按所需順序返回元組的鍵函數 ,然后將該函數傳遞給如此sortedkey參數。

>>> def key_fn(x):
...     tags = x.split('_')
...     if tags[1][0] == 'S':
...         return (0, int(tags[1][1:]))
...     elif tags[1] == 'noPN':
...         return (1, int(tags[3][1:]))
...     elif tags[1] == 'PN':
...         if tags[2] == 'noDIS3D':
...             return (2, int(tags[3][1:]))
...         else:
...             return (3, int(tags[3][1:]))
... 
>>> list1 = ['3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S001', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S001', '3DT1_S001', '3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S001']
>>> sorted(list1, key=key_fn)
['3DT1_S001', '3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S001', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S001', '3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S001']

我的兩分錢......它有一個'patternList'變量來定義順序。 這可能是實現這一目標的最簡單(最易讀,最易擴展)的方式:沒有雜亂的if-elses。 此外,具有相同起始模式的列表項按字符串的其余部分排序。

list1.sort(key = myKey)表示對於每個列表項, myKey函數在排序之前執行。 myKey函數僅以正常排序將執行您想要的方式修改排序列表項以進行排序 在輸出排序列表中,不使用原始列表項(不是myKey修改的myKey )。

在下面的示例中,myKey函數將列表項拆分為兩部分,並根據patternList變量使用整數標記第一部分。 正常排序可以以您想要的方式處理返回的元組。

list1 = ['3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S001', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S001', '3DT1_S001', '3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S001']
list2 = ['3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S002', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S002', '3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S002', '3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S003', '3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S001']

def myKey(x):
    # create the 'order list' for starting pattern
    patternsList = [ '3DT1_S', '3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S', '3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S']
    for i in range(len(patternsList)): # iterate patterns in order
        pattern = patternsList[i]
        if x.find(pattern) == 0: # check if x starts with pattern
            # return order value i and x without the pattern
            return (i, x.replace(pattern, '')) 

    # if undefined pattern is found, put it to first
    return (-1, x)

    # alternatively if you want undefind to be last
    # return (len(patternList)+1, x)


print list1
list1.sort(key = myKey)
print list1

print list2
list2.sort(key = myKey)
print list2

此方法通過按找到的第一個模式的索引進行排序來工作。

>>> import re
>>> list1 = ['3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S001', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S001', '3DT1_S001', '3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S001']
>>> list2 = ['3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S002', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S002', '3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S002']
>>> patterns = [ '3DT1_S', '3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S', '3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S']
>>> pattern = '|'.join('(%s)'%x for x in patterns)
>>> pattern #Creates a regex pattern with each pattern as a group in order
'(3DT1_S)|(3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S)|(3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S)|(3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S)'
>>> def sort_key(x):
        return re.match(pattern,x).lastindex
>>> list1, list2 = [sorted(l, key=sort_key) for l in (list1,list2)]
>>> list1
['3DT1_S001', '3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S001', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S001', '3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S001']
>>> list2
['3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S002', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S002', '3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S002']

這是一種方法,它采用一系列“前綴”,用於在排序之前對列表進行分組。 每個項目都會添加到與一個匹配的組中,並且只與其匹配的第一個前綴相對應。

list1 = ['3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S001', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S001', '3DT1_S001', '3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S001']
list2 = ['3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S002', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S002', '3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S002', '3DT1_S002']

prefixes = [ '3DT1_S', '3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S', '3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S', '3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S']

def f(l):
    result = []
    for p in prefixes:               # for each prefix, in order
        a = []                       # items in the group
        b = []                       # items not in the group
        for x in l:                  # for each item
            if x.startswith(p):      # does the item match the prefix?
                a.append(x)          # add it to the group
            else:  
                b.append(x)          # add it to the "rest"
        result.append(sorted(a))     # sort the group and save it for the result
        l = b                        # continue with the non-group elements
    return result

這是結果:

>>> f(list1)
[['3DT1_S001'], ['3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S001'], ['3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S001'], ['3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S001']]
>>> f(list2)
[['3DT1_S002'], ['3DT1_noPN_DIS3D_S002'], ['3DT1_PN_noDIS3D_S002'], ['3DT1_PN_DIS3D_S002']]

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