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C ++模板函數參數推導和函數解析

[英]c++ template function argument deduce and function resolution

今天,我只想提出一個關於C ++ 11中C ++模板函數自變量推斷和模板函數重載解析的問題(我正在使用vs2010 sp1)。 我定義了兩個模板函數,如下所示:

功能#1:

template <class T>
void func(const T& arg)
{
    cout << "void func(const T&)" <<endl;
}

功能2:

template <class T>
void func(T&& arg)
{
   cout << "void func(T&&)" <<endl;
}

現在考慮以下代碼:

int main() {
    //I understand these first two examples:

    //function #2 is selected, with T deduced as int&
    //If I comment out function #2, function#1 is selected with
    //T deduced as int
    {int a = 0; func(a);}

    //function #1 is selected, with T is deduced as int.
    //If I comment out function #1, function #2 is selected,
    //with T deduced as const int&.
    {const int a = 0; func(a);}

    //I don't understand the following examples:  

    //Function #2 is selected... why?
    //Why not function #1 or ambiguous...
    {func(0);}

    //But here function #1 is selected.
    //I know the literal string “feng” is lvalue expression and
    //T is deduced as “const char[5]”. The const modifier is part
    //of the T type not the const modifier in “const T&” declaration. 
    {func(“feng”)}

    //Here function#2 is selected in which T is deduced as char(&)[5]
    {char array[] = “feng”; func(array);}
}

我只想知道在這些情況下指導函數重載解析的背后規則。

我不同意以下兩個答案,我認為const int示例與文字字符串示例不同。 我可以稍微修改#function 1來看看到底是什么推導類型

 template <class T>
 void func(const T& arg)
 {
    T local;
    local = 0;
    cout << "void func(const T&)" <<endl;
 }
 //the compiler compiles the code happily 
 //and it justify that the T is deduced as int type
 const int a = 0;
 func(a);

 template <class T>
 void func(const T& arg)
 {
T local;
Local[0] = ‘a’;
cout << "void func(const T&)" <<endl;
 }
 //The compiler complains that “error C2734: 'local' : const object must be     
 //initialized if not extern
 //see reference to function template instantiation 
 //'void func<const char[5]>(T (&))' being compiled
  //    with
  //    [
  //        T=const char [5]
  //    ]

 Func(“feng”);

在const int示例中,“ const T&”聲明中的const修飾符會破壞const int的“ constness”。 在文字字符串示例中,我不知道“ const T&”聲明中的const修飾符在哪里。 聲明類似int&const的東西是沒有意義的(但是聲明int * const是有意義的)

這里的竅門是const F1和F2都可以接受任何類型的任何值,但是F2通常是更好的匹配項,因為它是完美的轉發。 因此,除非該值是const左值,否則F2是最佳匹配。 但是,當左值為const ,F1是更好的匹配。 這就是為什么首選const int和字符串文字。

請注意,過載#2與T&和T &&完全匹配。 因此,兩個重載都可以綁定到rvalue和lvalue。 在您的示例中,重載區分主要在constness上完成。

//Function #2 is selected... why?
//Why not function #1 or ambiguous...
{func(0);}

0int&& -與T&&完全匹配

//But here function #1 is selected.
//I know the literal string “feng” is lvalue expression and
//T is deduced as “const char[5]”. The const modifier is part
//of the T type not the const modifier in “const T&” declaration. 
{func(“feng”)}

文字"feng"const char(&)[5] -第一個重載中const T&精確匹配。 (&)表示這是參考。

//Here function#2 is selected in which T is deduced as char(&)[5]
{char array[] = “feng”; func(array);}

數組-是char(&)[5] -第二次重載中T&完全匹配

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