[英]x11 forwarding with paramiko
我正在嘗試運行一個能夠打開X窗口的paramiko
命令。 我正在使用的腳本如下:
import paramiko
ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh_client.connect('192.168.122.55', username='user', password='password')
transport = ssh_client.get_transport()
session = transport.open_session()
session.request_x11()
stdin = session.makefile('wb')
stdout = session.makefile('rb')
stderr = session.makefile_stderr('rb')
session.exec_command('env; xterm')
transport.accept()
print 'Exit status:', session.recv_exit_status()
print 'stdout:\n{}'.format(stdout.read())
print 'stderr:\n{}'.format(stderr.read())
session.close()
不幸的是,當我運行上面的腳本時,我得到了這個輸出:
Exit status: 1
stdout:
SHELL=/bin/bash
XDG_SESSION_COOKIE=8025e1ba5e6c47be0d2f3ad6504a25ee-1347286654.617967-1932974971
SSH_CLIENT=192.168.122.1 58654 22
USER=user
MAIL=/var/mail/user
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
PWD=/home/user
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
SHLVL=1
HOME=/home/user
LOGNAME=user
SSH_CONNECTION=192.168.122.1 58654 192.168.122.55 22
DISPLAY=localhost:10.0
_=/usr/bin/env
stderr:
xterm: Xt error: Can't open display: localhost:10.0
如果我在終端中運行以下命令:
ssh -X user@192.168.122.55 'env; xterm'
然后我得到相同的環境變量(雖然有些端口發生了變化),所以我說我的環境是正確的。 但是,我仍然缺少一些讓paramiko
與x11轉發工作的東西。
我嘗試過的幾件事情是:
request_x11
使用handler
參數:除了打印值之外,我沒有使用默認處理程序。 request_x11
使用auth_cookie
參數:嘗試根據xauth list
輸出對正在使用的cookie值進行硬編碼。 這樣做的想法是為了避免根據paramiko
本身的文檔字符串可能發生的問題: 如果省略auth_cookie,將生成,使用和返回新的安全隨機128位值。 您將需要使用此值來驗證傳入的x11請求,並將其替換為實際的本地x11 cookie(這需要一些x11協議的知識)。
還有其他一些我可以做的事情來使它工作或解決問題嗎?
注意:此前已在以下位置詢問過:
request_x11
文檔的唯一響應無效。 handler
參數,但這是錯誤的。 閱讀paramiko代碼,我意識到paramiko只實現了建立x11通道的方法。 它不會將通道連接到本地x11顯示器。 這留給你。
這是我剛寫的一個小實現:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import select
import sys
import paramiko
import Xlib.support.connect as xlib_connect
local_x11_display = xlib_connect.get_display(os.environ['DISPLAY'])
local_x11_socket = xlib_connect.get_socket(*local_x11_display[:3])
ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh_client.connect('server', username='username', password='password')
transport = ssh_client.get_transport()
session = transport.open_session()
session.request_x11(single_connection=True)
session.exec_command('xterm')
x11_chan = transport.accept()
session_fileno = session.fileno()
x11_chan_fileno = x11_chan.fileno()
local_x11_socket_fileno = local_x11_socket.fileno()
poller = select.poll()
poller.register(session_fileno, select.POLLIN)
poller.register(x11_chan_fileno, select.POLLIN)
poller.register(local_x11_socket, select.POLLIN)
while not session.exit_status_ready():
poll = poller.poll()
if not poll: # this should not happen, as we don't have a timeout.
break
for fd, event in poll:
if fd == session_fileno:
while session.recv_ready():
sys.stdout.write(session.recv(4096))
while session.recv_stderr_ready():
sys.stderr.write(session.recv_stderr(4096))
if fd == x11_chan_fileno:
local_x11_socket.sendall(x11_chan.recv(4096))
if fd == local_x11_socket_fileno:
x11_chan.send(local_x11_socket.recv(4096))
print 'Exit status:', session.recv_exit_status()
while session.recv_ready():
sys.stdout.write(session.recv(4096))
while session.recv_stderr_ready():
sys.stdout.write(session.recv_stderr(4096))
session.close()
一些說明:
我正在使用python-Xlib的一些輔助函數。 這是Xlib的純python實現。 有關安裝的詳細信息,請參閱此問題: 如何使用pip安裝Python Xlib?
我如何實現這一點的一些細節讓我相信它只適用於1 x11連接(因此session.request_x11(single_connection=True)
。)我想繼續努力讓它處理多個連接,但是那將不得不等待另一天。
此代碼實際上使用select.poll
以異步方式將以下通道/套接字連接在一起:
session.stdout
- > sys.stdout
session.stderr
- > sys.stderr
x11channel
- > local_x11_socket
local_x11_socket
- > x11channel
paramiko
模塊向logging
模塊輸出許多有用的debuging信息。 您可以通過配置日志記錄模塊來查看:
import logging logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
x11
請求可能使用您可能無法正確處理的MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1
.Xauthority
文件也可能是個問題 strace
ssh的過程,看到一個正常流動 xterm
與strace xterm
,並與上述比較。 一些鏈接:
祝好運。
編輯:建立在加里的答案之上 ,有多個x11連接。
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import select
import sys
import getpass
import paramiko
import socket
import logging
import Xlib.support.connect as xlib_connect
LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# connection settings
host = '192.168.122.55'
user = 'user'
password = getpass.getpass()
ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh_client.connect(host, username=user, password=password)
del password
# maintain map
# { fd: (channel, remote channel), ... }
channels = {}
poller = select.poll()
def x11_handler(channel, (src_addr, src_port)):
'''handler for incoming x11 connections
for each x11 incoming connection,
- get a connection to the local display
- maintain bidirectional map of remote x11 channel to local x11 channel
- add the descriptors to the poller
- queue the channel (use transport.accept())'''
x11_chanfd = channel.fileno()
local_x11_socket = xlib_connect.get_socket(*local_x11_display[:3])
local_x11_socket_fileno = local_x11_socket.fileno()
channels[x11_chanfd] = channel, local_x11_socket
channels[local_x11_socket_fileno] = local_x11_socket, channel
poller.register(x11_chanfd, select.POLLIN)
poller.register(local_x11_socket, select.POLLIN)
LOGGER.debug('x11 channel on: %s %s', src_addr, src_port)
transport._queue_incoming_channel(channel)
def flush_out(session):
while session.recv_ready():
sys.stdout.write(session.recv(4096))
while session.recv_stderr_ready():
sys.stderr.write(session.recv_stderr(4096))
# get local disply
local_x11_display = xlib_connect.get_display(os.environ['DISPLAY'])
# start x11 session
transport = ssh_client.get_transport()
session = transport.open_session()
session.request_x11(handler=x11_handler)
session.exec_command('xterm')
session_fileno = session.fileno()
poller.register(session_fileno, select.POLLIN)
# accept first remote x11 connection
transport.accept()
# event loop
while not session.exit_status_ready():
poll = poller.poll()
# accept subsequent x11 connections if any
if len(transport.server_accepts) > 0:
transport.accept()
if not poll: # this should not happen, as we don't have a timeout.
break
for fd, event in poll:
if fd == session_fileno:
flush_out(session)
# data either on local/remote x11 socket
if fd in channels.keys():
channel, counterpart = channels[fd]
try:
# forward data between local/remote x11 socket.
data = channel.recv(4096)
counterpart.sendall(data)
except socket.error:
channel.close()
counterpart.close()
del channels[fd]
print 'Exit status:', session.recv_exit_status()
flush_out(session)
session.close()
感謝Gary van der Merwe和dnozay的代碼。 下面的代碼很大程度上依賴於它,並用於在Windows上運行X程序。 顯着的區別在於使用select.select而不是poll,因為在Windows中無法使用poll。 歡迎任何改進或更正。
import select
import sys
import paramiko
import Xlib.support.connect as xlib_connect
import os
import socket
import subprocess
# run xming
XmingProc = subprocess.Popen("C:/Program Files (x86)/Xming/Xming.exe :0 -clipboard -multiwindow")
ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh_client.connect(SSHServerIP, SSHServerPort, username=user, password=pwd)
transport = ssh_client.get_transport()
channelOppositeEdges = {}
local_x11_display = xlib_connect.get_display(os.environ['DISPLAY'])
inputSockets = []
def x11_handler(channel, (src_addr, src_port)):
local_x11_socket = xlib_connect.get_socket(*local_x11_display[:3])
inputSockets.append(local_x11_socket)
inputSockets.append(channel)
channelOppositeEdges[local_x11_socket.fileno()] = channel
channelOppositeEdges[channel.fileno()] = local_x11_socket
transport._queue_incoming_channel(channel)
session = transport.open_session()
inputSockets.append(session)
session.request_x11(handler = x11_handler)
session.exec_command('xterm')
transport.accept()
while not session.exit_status_ready():
readable, writable, exceptional = select.select(inputSockets,[],[])
if len(transport.server_accepts) > 0:
transport.accept()
for sock in readable:
if sock is session:
while session.recv_ready():
sys.stdout.write(session.recv(4096))
while session.recv_stderr_ready():
sys.stderr.write(session.recv_stderr(4096))
else:
try:
data = sock.recv(4096)
counterPartSocket = channelOppositeEdges[sock.fileno()]
counterPartSocket.sendall(data)
except socket.error:
inputSockets.remove(sock)
inputSockets.remove(counterPartSocket)
del channelOppositeEdges[sock.fileno()]
del channelOppositeEdges[counterPartSocket.fileno()]
sock.close()
counterPartSocket.close()
print 'Exit status:', session.recv_exit_status()
while session.recv_ready():
sys.stdout.write(session.recv(4096))
while session.recv_stderr_ready():
sys.stdout.write(session.recv_stderr(4096))
session.close()
XmingProc.terminate()
XmingProc.wait()
鑒於您要求的最小版本,我理解為盡可能使其易於使用。 這是一個基於兩個代碼的版本,但這將x11會話命令與通用代碼分開,使主程序簡單,會話代碼可重用:
import paramiko
import os
import select
import sys
import Xlib.support.connect as xlib_connect
def run(transport, session, command):
def x11_handler(channel, (src_addr, src_port)):
x11_fileno = channel.fileno()
local_x11_channel = xlib_connect.get_socket(*local_x11_display[:3])
local_x11_fileno = local_x11_channel.fileno()
# Register both x11 and local_x11 channels
channels[x11_fileno] = channel, local_x11_channel
channels[local_x11_fileno] = local_x11_channel, channel
poller.register(x11_fileno, select.POLLIN)
poller.register(local_x11_fileno, select.POLLIN)
transport._queue_incoming_channel(channel)
def flush_out(channel):
while channel.recv_ready():
sys.stdout.write(channel.recv(4096))
while channel.recv_stderr_ready():
sys.stderr.write(channel.recv_stderr(4096))
local_x11_display = xlib_connect.get_display(os.environ['DISPLAY'])
channels = {}
poller = select.poll()
session_fileno = session.fileno()
poller.register(session_fileno)
session.request_x11(handler=x11_handler)
session.exec_command(command)
transport.accept()
# event loop
while not session.exit_status_ready():
poll = poller.poll()
if not poll: # this should not happen, as we don't have a timeout.
break
for fd, event in poll:
if fd == session_fileno:
flush_out(session)
# data either on local/remote x11 channels/sockets
if fd in channels.keys():
sender, receiver = channels[fd]
try:
receiver.sendall(sender.recv(4096))
except:
sender.close()
receiver.close()
channels.remove(fd)
flush_out(session)
return session.recv_exit_status()
if __name__ == '__main__':
ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh_client.connect('192.168.122.55', username='user', password='password')
transport = ssh_client.get_transport()
session = transport.open_session()
run(transport, session, 'xterm')
我知道你可以自己做。 但是,只是通過復制函數run
任何人都可以毫不費力地使用它。
正確答案是https://stackoverflow.com/a/12903844/278878 。 這個例子是為了讓新手更容易。
對於那些在Mac OS X Leopard中工作的人來說,沒有select.poll()。 這是使用kqueue而不是poll的dnozay答案的修改版本。 對此的任何改進/更正將不勝感激。
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import select
import sys
import paramiko
import socket
import Xlib.support.connect as xlib_connect
# get local display
local_x11_display = xlib_connect.get_display(os.environ['DISPLAY'])
ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh_client.connect('hostname', port=22, username='username', password='password')
channels = {}
kq = select.kqueue()
def x11Handler(x11_chan, (src_addr, src_port)):
x11_chan_fileno = x11_chan.fileno()
local_x11_socket = xlib_connect.get_socket(*local_x11_display[:3])
local_x11_socket_fileno = local_x11_socket.fileno()
channels[x11_chan_fileno] = x11_chan, local_x11_socket
channels[local_x11_socket_fileno] = local_x11_socket, x11_chan
ev = [select.kevent(x11_chan_fileno, filter=select.KQ_FILTER_READ, flags=select.KQ_EV_ADD), select.kevent(local_x11_socket_fileno, filter=select.KQ_FILTER_READ, flags=select.KQ_EV_ADD)]
kevents = kq.control(ev, 0, None)
transport._queue_incoming_channel(x11_chan)
def flushOut(session):
while session.recv_ready():
sys.stdout.write(session.recv(4096))
while session.recv_stderr_ready():
sys.stderr.write(session.recv_stderr(4096))
# start x11 session
transport = ssh_client.get_transport()
session = transport.open_session()
session.request_x11(handler=x11Handler)
session.exec_command('xterm')
# accept first remote x11 connection
x11_chan = transport.accept()
session_fileno = session.fileno()
session_ev = [select.kevent(session_fileno,
filter=select.KQ_FILTER_READ,
flags=select.KQ_EV_ADD)]
kevents_session = kq.control(session_ev, 0, None)
# event loop
while not session.exit_status_ready():
r_events = kq.control(None, 4)
# accept subsequent x11 connections if any
if len(transport.server_accepts) > 0:
transport.accept()
if not r_events: # this should not happen, as we don't have a timeout.
break
for event in r_events:
print event
if event.ident & session_fileno:
flushOut(session)
# data either on local/remote x11 socket
if event.ident in channels.keys():
x11_chan, counterpart = channels[event.ident]
try:
# forward data between local/remote x11 socket.
data = x11_chan.recv(4096)
counterpart.sendall(data)
except socket.error:
x11_chan.close()
counterpart.close()
del channels[event.ident]
flushOut(session)
kq.close()
session.close()
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