[英]How to embed matplotlib in pyqt - for Dummies
其實沒那么復雜。 相關的 Qt 小部件在matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg
。 FigureCanvasQTAgg
和NavigationToolbar2QT
通常是您所需要的。 這些是常規的 Qt 小部件。 您將它們視為任何其他小部件。 下面是一個非常簡單的示例,其中包含一個Figure
、 Navigation
和一個繪制一些隨機數據的按鈕。 我添加了注釋來解釋事情。
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import random
class Window(QtGui.QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(Window, self).__init__(parent)
# a figure instance to plot on
self.figure = Figure()
# this is the Canvas Widget that displays the `figure`
# it takes the `figure` instance as a parameter to __init__
self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)
# this is the Navigation widget
# it takes the Canvas widget and a parent
self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
# Just some button connected to `plot` method
self.button = QtGui.QPushButton('Plot')
self.button.clicked.connect(self.plot)
# set the layout
layout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
layout.addWidget(self.toolbar)
layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
layout.addWidget(self.button)
self.setLayout(layout)
def plot(self):
''' plot some random stuff '''
# random data
data = [random.random() for i in range(10)]
# create an axis
ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
# discards the old graph
ax.clear()
# plot data
ax.plot(data, '*-')
# refresh canvas
self.canvas.draw()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
main = Window()
main.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
編輯:
更新以反映評論和 API 更改。
NavigationToolbar2QTAgg
隨NavigationToolbar2QT
變化Figure
而不是pyplot
ax.hold(False)
替換已棄用的ax.hold(False)
ax.clear()
下面是在PyQt5和Matplotlib 2.0下使用的先前代碼的改編。 有一些小的變化:PyQt 子模塊的結構,來自 matplotlib 的其他子模塊,已棄用的方法已被替換......
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QDialog, QApplication, QPushButton, QVBoxLayout
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random
class Window(QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(Window, self).__init__(parent)
# a figure instance to plot on
self.figure = plt.figure()
# this is the Canvas Widget that displays the `figure`
# it takes the `figure` instance as a parameter to __init__
self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)
# this is the Navigation widget
# it takes the Canvas widget and a parent
self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
# Just some button connected to `plot` method
self.button = QPushButton('Plot')
self.button.clicked.connect(self.plot)
# set the layout
layout = QVBoxLayout()
layout.addWidget(self.toolbar)
layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
layout.addWidget(self.button)
self.setLayout(layout)
def plot(self):
''' plot some random stuff '''
# random data
data = [random.random() for i in range(10)]
# instead of ax.hold(False)
self.figure.clear()
# create an axis
ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
# discards the old graph
# ax.hold(False) # deprecated, see above
# plot data
ax.plot(data, '*-')
# refresh canvas
self.canvas.draw()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
main = Window()
main.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
對於那些正在尋找在 PyQt5 中嵌入 Matplotlib 的動態解決方案的人(甚至使用拖放繪制數據)。 在 PyQt5 中,您需要在主窗口類上使用 super 來接受滴。 dropevent 函數可用於獲取文件名,其余的很簡單:
def dropEvent(self,e):
"""
This function will enable the drop file directly on to the
main window. The file location will be stored in the self.filename
"""
if e.mimeData().hasUrls:
e.setDropAction(QtCore.Qt.CopyAction)
e.accept()
for url in e.mimeData().urls():
if op_sys == 'Darwin':
fname = str(NSURL.URLWithString_(str(url.toString())).filePathURL().path())
else:
fname = str(url.toLocalFile())
self.filename = fname
print("GOT ADDRESS:",self.filename)
self.readData()
else:
e.ignore() # just like above functions
對於初學者,參考完整代碼給出了以下輸出:
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