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Java迷宮解算器

[英]Java Maze Solver

我在嘗試將一個暗示給我們的算法變成可用代碼時遇到了困難。 我們給出一個方向枚舉,其具有8個坐標(N,NE,NW,S,SE,SW.E,W)以及出口HERE。

這是暗示的算法:

getPathToExit(row, col):
  if (row, col) is outside of the map:
    return an empty list
  else if (row, col) is an obstacle:
    return an empty list
  else if (row, col) is marked as visited or as deadend:
   return an emtpy list
  else if (row, col) is the exit:
    //optional: mark exit as visited
   return a list containing Direction.HERE
  else:
   //try to find a path from current square to exit:
    mark current square as visited (that is, part of path)
      for each neighbor of current square:
        path = path from neighbor to exit
          if path is not empty:
             add (direction to neighbor) to start of path
               return path
   //after for loop: no path exists from this square to exit
   mark current square as deadend
     return empty list

這是我一直在研究的代碼:

public java.util.ArrayList<Direction> getPathToExit(){

for (int x=0; x<map.length; x++){
    for (int y=0; y<map[x].length; y++){
        if (map[x][y]=='S'){
            this.startRow=x;
            this.startCol=y;
        }
    }
}
System.out.println("start "+startRow+", "+startCol);
return getPathToExit(this.startRow, this.startCol);
}

private java.util.ArrayList<Direction> getPathToExit(int row, int col){

  Direction [] dirs = Direction.values();
  ArrayList<Direction> path = new ArrayList<Direction>();

getPathToExit(row, col);

    if (row < 0 || col < 0 || row > map.length || col > map[row].length){
        return null;
    }
    else if (map[row][col] != ' '){
        return null;
    }
    else if (map[row][col] == 'E'){
        path.add(Direction.HERE);
        return path;
    }
    else {
        for (int x=0; x<dirs.length-1; x++){
            int nextRow = row + dirs[x].getRowModifier();
            int nextCol = col + dirs[x].getColModifier();
            path = getPathToExit(nextRow, nextCol);
        }
    }
return path;
}

這是枚舉類:

public enum Direction {
   N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW, HERE;

 /**
 * Returns the X/column change on the screen that is associated with
 * this direction: -1 for W, 0 for N/S, and +1 for E.
 */
  public int getColModifier() {
    int mod;
    switch (this) {
     case NW:
     case W:
     case SW:
     mod = -1;
    break;
  case NE:
  case E:
  case SE:
    mod = +1;
    break;
  default:
    mod = 0;
    break;
  }
return mod;
}

/**
 * Returns the Y/row change on the screen that is associated with
 * this direction: -1 for N, 0 for E/W, and +1 for south.
 */
public int getRowModifier() {
 int mod;
 switch (this) {
   case N:
   case NE:
   case NW:
    mod = -1;
    break;
  case S:
  case SE:
  case SW:
    mod = +1;
    break;
  default:
    mod = 0;
    break;
  }
return mod;
}

/** As {@link #getColModifier()} */
public int getXModifier() {
 return this.getColModifier();
}

 /** As {@link #getRowModifier()} */
public int getYModifier() {
  return this.getRowModifier();
}

/**
 * Returns the direction that is the opposite of this one.
 * For example, <code>Direction.NE.reverse() == Direction.SW</code>.
 * (The opposite of HERE is still HERE though.)
 */
public Direction reverse() {
  if (this == HERE) {
    return this;
  }else {
    int reversed = (this.ordinal() + 4) % 8;
   Direction[] dirs = Direction.values();
    return dirs[reversed];
  }
}

}

提前致謝。

代碼中有兩個問題:

(1)在主循環中:

for (int x=0; x<dirs.length-1; x++){
      int nextRow = row + dirs[x].getRowModifier();
      int nextCol = col + dirs[x].getColModifier();
      path = getPathToExit(nextRow, nextCol);
}

您需要檢查遞歸調用: getPathToExit()返回了非空列表。 如果有,你應該break循環並將相關方向推到它的開始。 你已經找到了一條路 - 不是要繼續檢查其余部分!


(2)為了使您的算法完整(找到解決方案,如果存在),您需要維護一個visited集,並避免重新訪問已訪問過的節點。
看看下面的例子:

-------
|S |x1|
-------
|x2|E |
-------

所有都是有效的正方形(沒有障礙物),S是開始,E是結束。

現在,假設方向的順序是right,left, ...

代碼(沒有visited集)將執行以下操作:

go right (to x1).
go right - out of maze, go back.
go left (to S).
go right (to x1).
go right - out of maze, go back.
go left (to S)
....

你處在一個無限循環中! (一個已知的DFS退款)
StackOverflowError通常表明這是問題,調用堆棧從所有遞歸調用中已滿 - 並且拋出錯誤。

要修復它,您需要維護一個visited集,並避免重新訪問已訪問過的節點。 有了這個設置,以及上面的迷宮(方向順序是right, left, down, ... )將會發生的事情是:

go right (to x1)
go right - out of maze, go back.
go left (to S) - already visitted, go back.
go down (to E) - found target, return it.

更高級的替代方案是使用Iterative Deepening DFS - 這基本上意味着,您將路徑的長度限制為l ,並迭代地增加此l 我這次忽略了這個替代方案,它有點先進了。


作為旁注,您的算法是DFS的實現,它具有訪問集和有限圖(如果存在,則總是找到解決方案),但不是最優的(不保證找到最短路徑)。 要找到最短路徑,您可能希望使用BFS

另外 :我假設在方法的第三行中的遞歸調用是用於調試的剩余調用。 它應該不存在。

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